Sharon Weinberg - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sharon Weinberg

International Journal of Social Welfare, Jun 4, 2023

The wholesale changes brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic to men and women's paid work arr... more The wholesale changes brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic to men and women's paid work arrangements and work–family balance provide a natural experiment for testing the common elements of two theories, needs exposure (Schafer et al. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne De Sociologie, 57(4);2020:523–549) and parental proximity (Sullivan et al. Family Theory & Review, 2018;10(1):263–279) against a third theory also suggested by Schafer et al. (2020), and labelled in this article, entrenchment/exacerbation of gender inequality. Both needs exposure and parental proximity suggest that by being home because of the pandemic, in proximity to their children, fathers are exposed to new and enduring family needs, which may move them toward more equal sharing in childcare and other domestic responsibilities. By contrast to studies that have tested such theories using retrospective, self‐report survey data over a 2‐year period, we analyse more than a decade of time‐use diary data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) that covers the first 2 years of the pandemic. We model the secular and quarterly trends to predict what would have occurred in the absence of the pandemic, contrasting this to what indeed happened. Our analyses consider aggregate and individual impacts, using methods of sequence analysis, clustering, and matching. Among our results, we find that the division of childcare responsibilities did not become more equitable during the pandemic. Suggestions for future research are provided as are suggestions for the implementation of social policies that could influence greater gender equity in unpaid work and childcare.

Educational Researcher, Aug 1, 2013

he Federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act passed by Congress in 1986 eliminated mandatory a... more he Federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act passed by Congress in 1986 eliminated mandatory age-related retirement at age 70. After a hard-fought battle, resting on the argument that "mandatory retirement was needed to maintain a steady inflow of young faculty" (Ashenfelter and Card, 2002, p. 957), and to increase opportunities for diversifying the faculty through the hiring of women and underrepresented ethnic and racial minorities, postsecondary institutions were given a temporary exemption from this Act. In particular, and as quoted by Ashenfelter and Card (2002, p. 959), the exemption stated that "nothing in this Act shall be construed to prohibit compulsory retirement of any employee who has attained 70 years of age, and who is serving under a contract of unlimited tenure (or similar arrangement providing for unlimited tenure) at an institution of higher education (as defined by Sec. 1201(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965)." To determine whether this temporary exemption should lapse, Congress requested the National Academy of Science/National Research Council (NRC) to analyze the likely impact of uncapping mandatory retirement on higher education. The report, based on this review, and edited by Hammond and Morgan (1991), persuaded Congress to allow the exemption to expire, which it did on December 31, 1993. Accordingly, full-time tenured faculty at postsecondary institutions, which receive federal funding, would, as of December 31, 1993, be subject to the same Age Discrimination in Employment Act passed for federal institutions in 1986; they would no longer be subject to mandatory retirement for age after December 31, 1993. Under some university bylaws, including the one under study in this paper, an additional consideration allowed some faculty not to be subject to mandatory retirement even though they turned 70 before December 31, 1993. In particular, because tenure rights contractually terminate at the end of an academic year, on August 31, any full-time tenured faculty member who turned 70 on or after September 1, 1993, was not subject to the mandatory retirement rule. That is, in such cases, mandatory retirement 497993E DRXXX10.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nov 1, 2020

Spanish publications providing grounding and theoretical framework for research on information us... more Spanish publications providing grounding and theoretical framework for research on information users Isabel Villaseñor-Rodríguez Monographs, papers and articles published in Spain since 1993 are examined to shed theoretical light on the approach to information users as a function of meeting user needs and measuring the degree of user satisfaction. The paper describes the most commonly cited sources and discusses the approach to the topic, whether general or specific. Characteristic features of authorship of these writings as well as their chronological development are also examined.

In the university setting, the issue of faculty morale typically has been linked to a variety of ... more In the university setting, the issue of faculty morale typically has been linked to a variety of perceived inequities, including inequities in faculty salary. New approaches for analyzing two different, but related, types of inequity are proposed. One approach addresses whether salary compression, often perceived by faculty to exist, actually does exist; the other approach addresses whether endof-term annual salary increases, often perceived by faculty not to reflect a cost of living component, actually do. What sets these two approaches apart from the others suggested in the literature are that they lack a high level of mathematical complexity, yet they still have the ability to control for confounding sources of variation, they are easily carried out even by someone with minimal statistical expertise, and results from them are easily understood by a broad audience. The two new approaches are applied to real data from a private research university in the Northeast and results from these analyses are discussed.

International Journal of Inclusive Education, Jun 9, 2020

The aim of this study was to help educators and clinicians better identify and understand the var... more The aim of this study was to help educators and clinicians better identify and understand the various participation levels of Taiwanese children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in two different classroom settings. Greater participation is linked to positive health, developmental outcomes and improved physical and mental health. It is also considered a critical indicator of quality of life. However, general limitations are identified among the population of children with ASDs. One hundred four Taiwanese parents/caregivers of children with ASDs having a disability certificate with a moderate degree of severity completed the Chinese version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth. Participation frequency and the extent of involvement were outcome variables to compare Taiwanese children with ASDs in inclusive versus segregated settings based on the perspectives of their parents/caregivers. The children with ASDs in inclusive settings demonstrated a greater involvement in community activities than those in segregated settings. Also, the findings of this study indicate that age, gender and extracurricular activities should be taken into consideration when developing intervention plans for improving participation levels for children with ASDs. The knowledge gained from this study has the potential to benefit children, parents, educators, and clinicians.

Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 1991

American Journal of Public Health, Feb 1, 2002

Objectives. This investigation examined the effectiveness of intensive efforts to include frequen... more Objectives. This investigation examined the effectiveness of intensive efforts to include frequently absent students in order to reduce bias in classroom-based studies.Methods. Grade 10 students in 13 New York City high schools (n = 2049) completed selfadministered confidential surveys in 4 different phases: a 1-day classroom capture, a 1-day follow-up, and 2 separate 1-week follow-ups. Financial incentives were offered, along with opportunities for out-of-classroom participation.Results. Findings showed that frequently absent students engaged in more risk behaviors than those who were rarely absent. Intensive efforts to locate and survey chronically absent students did not, however, significantly alter estimates of risk behavior. Weighting the data for individual absences marginally improved the estimates.Conclusions. This study showed that intensive efforts to capture absent students in classroom-based investigations are not warranted by the small improvements produced in regard to risk behavior estimates.

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, Jun 1, 2023

We have a limited understanding of the socioenvironmental factors associated with participation i... more We have a limited understanding of the socioenvironmental factors associated with participation in physical activity among school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly regarding how the school environment may influence their participation. Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a framework, this study examined the effect of body functions and structure, activity, and personal factors on in-school physical activity; and whether in-school physical activity, considered a socioenvironmental factor, is associated with out-of-school physical activity (i.e., participation) among elementary school-aged children (6-13 years of age) with ASD. Parents of 202 children with ASD (78.2% boys; M age = 9.4 years) completed an online survey, as part of a larger study, to assess their child's functioning and physical activity in-and out-of-school. Results indicated that the majority of children (85.1%) did not meet physical activity guidelines. In-school physical activities significantly predicted out-of-school physical activities including leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (R 2 = 0.27, F(10,154) = 5.67, p < 0.001) and meeting the physical activity guidelines (R 2 = 0.23, X 2 (10) = 31.9, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the importance of supporting children with ASD to be physically active in school, which may impact physical activity levels out-of-school.

During the 1986-87 academic year the staff* for the project was recruited, the advisory and evalu... more During the 1986-87 academic year the staff* for the project was recruited, the advisory and evaluation boards** were created and consulted, available research and curriculum materials were reviewed and used to help direct our thoughts and activities, tentative activities were developed and tried with children in local schools, and negotiations were begun with local school systems to locate oppropriate field test sites. On the basis of the informal trials, we decided not to try to develop materials for kindergarten. However, on the basis of work subsequently done by one member of the Advisory Board (Marilyn wright) with her kindergarten class, we believe that with the right teacher some of the materials developed for grade one would be useful in kindergarten late in the school year.

Routledge eBooks, Jul 31, 2017

American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 1997

ABSTRACT Substance abuse treatments are increasingly employing standardized formats. This is espe... more ABSTRACT Substance abuse treatments are increasingly employing standardized formats. This is especially the case for approaches that utilize an individual psychotherapy format but less so for family-based approaches. Network therapy, an approach that involves family members and peers in the patient's relapse prevention efforts, is theoretically and clinically differentiated in this paper from family systems therapy for addiction. Based on these conceptual differences, a Network Therapy Rating Scale (NTRS) was developed to measure the integrity and differentiability of network therapy from other family-based approaches to addiction treatment. Seven addictions faculty and 10 third- and fourth-year psychiatry residents recently trained in the network approach used the NTRS to rate excerpts of network and family systems therapy sessions. Data revealed the NTRS had high internal consistency reliability when utilized by both groups of raters. In addition, network and nonnetwork subscales within the NTRS rated congruent therapy excerpts significantly higher than noncongruent therapy excerpts, indicating that the NTRS subscales measure what they are designed to measure. Implications for research and training are discussed.

SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks, 2013

Journal of Personality Assessment, Dec 1, 1975

A new instrument was designed to measure sex-role bias towards children. The instrument, the Chas... more A new instrument was designed to measure sex-role bias towards children. The instrument, the Chasen Diagnostic Sex-Role Bias Scale, is composed of case histories focusing on the "somewhat unhealthy" aspects of two main factors of behavior: activity (composed of independence and aggression); and passivity (composed of dependence and nonaggression). Validity and reliability coefficients were reported as well as a formula by which to use the scale to diagnose individual bias, in addition to group bias. In using the scale on a national sample of school psychologists, it was determined that differences in Diagnostic Sex-Role Bias scores exist, as do wide variations about what is considered healthy and unhealthy behavior among girls and boys.