Shashi Punam - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Shashi Punam
Towards excellence, Mar 31, 2023
This article is a reflection of the rising complexity of the contemporary world, which is charact... more This article is a reflection of the rising complexity of the contemporary world, which is characterised by a rich variety of culture, morality, the legal system, and religion, all of which are capable of having a significant impact on medical practise. It is possible to rupture a hymen via sexual activity as well as through a number of other activities. In societies that place a high value on a woman retaining her virginity after marriage, a woman and her family may be stigmatised for having done so. Women, particularly brides whose virginity is not established at the time of marriage, face the risk of humiliation, ostracism, divorce, and violence; in the most severe cases, women risk being killed in the name of "honour." However, doctors may be opposed to hymen reconstruction on the grounds that it is dishonest, not necessary for medical reasons, discriminates against women, and promotes subjecting women to greater standards of virtue than are demanded of men. Many doctors explain that the operation by stating that it serves the patient's health, which may include the patient's emotional and social well-being as well as women's human rights to have control over their own bodies. In addition, many young people lose their virginity unintentionally as a result of rape or compulsion, and if women do not have their hymens reconstructed, they are at risk of physical assault and even death. In the surgery does not violate any laws but in the most cases women suffer from some risk and it should be confused with female genital cutting or mutilation.
Towards Excellence
This article is a reflection of the rising complexity of the contemporary world, which is charact... more This article is a reflection of the rising complexity of the contemporary world, which is characterised by a rich variety of culture, morality, the legal system, and religion, all of which are capable of having a significant impact on medical practise. It is possible to rupture a hymen via sexual activity as well as through a number of other activities. In societies that place a high value on a woman retaining her virginity after marriage, a woman and her family may be stigmatised for having done so. Women, particularly brides whose virginity is not established at the time of marriage, face the risk of humiliation, ostracism, divorce, and violence; in the most severe cases, women risk being killed in the name of "honour." However, doctors may be opposed to hymen reconstruction on the grounds that it is dishonest, not necessary for medical reasons, discriminates against women, and promotes subjecting women to greater standards of virtue than are demanded of men. Many doctor...
Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, Jun 1, 2021
Today, a woman is very uncertain about her very existence. She is always unsure about her life be... more Today, a woman is very uncertain about her very existence. She is always unsure about her life because she is always at a risk of being crushed at any moment. No place is safe for women, not even in their mother's wombs. In India the status of girl child reflects serious gender based differences, inequalities and discrimination. Preference for son in the society and discrimination against girl child are interlinked due to interplay of different factors. Despite widespread progress in improving the health, nutrition and education of children, the situation of girls continue to be disadvantaged compared to that of boys. Girls are often seen as less important to family and community life than boys regardless of the fact that girl children constitute one fourth of population in India. Indian society, like most of the society's world over, is patrilineal, patriarchal and patrilocal. The marked gap between boys and girls, which has nationwide implications, is the result of decisio...
Today, a woman is very uncertain about her very existence. She is always unsure about her life be... more Today, a woman is very uncertain about her very existence. She is always unsure about her life because she is always at a risk of being crushed at any moment. No place is safe for women, not even in their mother's wombs. In India the status of girl child reflects serious gender based differences, inequalities and discrimination. Preference for son in the society and discrimination against girl child are interlinked due to interplay of different factors. Despite widespread progress in improving the health, nutrition and education of children, the situation of girls continue to be disadvantaged compared to that of boys. Girls are often seen as less important to family and community life than boys regardless of the fact that g irl children constitute one fourth of population in India. Indian society, like most of the society’s world over, is patrilineal, patriarchal and patrilocal. The marked gap between boys and girls, which has nationwide implications, is the result of decisio ns...
Gender discrimination is a complex phenomenon, occurring as it does at the interface of cultural ... more Gender discrimination is a complex phenomenon, occurring as it does at the interface of cultural attitudes, deep-rooted prejudices, socioeconomic pressures and the spread and misuse of modern medical technology. Today modern medical facility allows for the determination of the sex of the foetus. These pre-natal diagnostic techniques (PNDT) are now being rampantly misused to determine the sex of the foetus and abort it if it is a female foetus. Female foeticide is emerging as major social problem, especially since the past one or two decades when these techniques became available and popular. Today advanced technology provides sophisticated methods of sex selection, which has led to a drastic fall in the child sex ratio through sex selective elimination of the girl child before birth. There are various measures and laws formulated by the government to prevent this malaise but this practice is now spreading to the urban and rural area also due to lack of awareness about female foetici...
Human development is not complete without gender equality, and attention to women's entitleme... more Human development is not complete without gender equality, and attention to women's entitlements. Even, human society is composed of both males and females. Both are of equal importance and are needed for the perpetuation of the society. Without one, the existence of the other is not possible. This is a universal fact that cannot be negated. Yet we find that women have been target of discriminations and unequal treatments in the society. Ours is a male dominated society and almost all cultures, practice discrimination against the girl child, not only from the earliest stage of life, throughout her childhood and into adulthood through the means of neglect of her health and nutrition, not providing her equal opportunities in education and social interaction etc. but even before her birth in the form of pre-birth sex selection and to abort the female foetus. Keeping in view, present study has been taken with the objectives to analysis the child sex ratio of Indian states and UTs wh...
The state of Himachal Pradesh enjoys a better public health care infrastructure and better health... more The state of Himachal Pradesh enjoys a better public health care infrastructure and better health status than many other Indian states. The department of health in Himachal has played an important role in this success through such activities as improving government health facilities and implementing targeted disease reduction campaigns. In addition, while other states have witnessed a strong rise in the share of health care services that are delivered by private doctors, trained or untrained, in Himachal Pradesh the share of health care provided by the government has been growing. There is good evidence then, that some things related to health in Himachal Pradesh are going quite well. Infant mortality in Himachal Pradesh has decreased over time but not as dramatically as in other states. Anemia among children has fallen in Himachal Pradesh, while it has risen in other states; however, anemia among pregnant women has grown. The paper presents major health and demographic indicators a...
Towards excellence, Mar 31, 2023
This article is a reflection of the rising complexity of the contemporary world, which is charact... more This article is a reflection of the rising complexity of the contemporary world, which is characterised by a rich variety of culture, morality, the legal system, and religion, all of which are capable of having a significant impact on medical practise. It is possible to rupture a hymen via sexual activity as well as through a number of other activities. In societies that place a high value on a woman retaining her virginity after marriage, a woman and her family may be stigmatised for having done so. Women, particularly brides whose virginity is not established at the time of marriage, face the risk of humiliation, ostracism, divorce, and violence; in the most severe cases, women risk being killed in the name of "honour." However, doctors may be opposed to hymen reconstruction on the grounds that it is dishonest, not necessary for medical reasons, discriminates against women, and promotes subjecting women to greater standards of virtue than are demanded of men. Many doctors explain that the operation by stating that it serves the patient's health, which may include the patient's emotional and social well-being as well as women's human rights to have control over their own bodies. In addition, many young people lose their virginity unintentionally as a result of rape or compulsion, and if women do not have their hymens reconstructed, they are at risk of physical assault and even death. In the surgery does not violate any laws but in the most cases women suffer from some risk and it should be confused with female genital cutting or mutilation.
Towards Excellence
This article is a reflection of the rising complexity of the contemporary world, which is charact... more This article is a reflection of the rising complexity of the contemporary world, which is characterised by a rich variety of culture, morality, the legal system, and religion, all of which are capable of having a significant impact on medical practise. It is possible to rupture a hymen via sexual activity as well as through a number of other activities. In societies that place a high value on a woman retaining her virginity after marriage, a woman and her family may be stigmatised for having done so. Women, particularly brides whose virginity is not established at the time of marriage, face the risk of humiliation, ostracism, divorce, and violence; in the most severe cases, women risk being killed in the name of "honour." However, doctors may be opposed to hymen reconstruction on the grounds that it is dishonest, not necessary for medical reasons, discriminates against women, and promotes subjecting women to greater standards of virtue than are demanded of men. Many doctor...
Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, Jun 1, 2021
Today, a woman is very uncertain about her very existence. She is always unsure about her life be... more Today, a woman is very uncertain about her very existence. She is always unsure about her life because she is always at a risk of being crushed at any moment. No place is safe for women, not even in their mother's wombs. In India the status of girl child reflects serious gender based differences, inequalities and discrimination. Preference for son in the society and discrimination against girl child are interlinked due to interplay of different factors. Despite widespread progress in improving the health, nutrition and education of children, the situation of girls continue to be disadvantaged compared to that of boys. Girls are often seen as less important to family and community life than boys regardless of the fact that girl children constitute one fourth of population in India. Indian society, like most of the society's world over, is patrilineal, patriarchal and patrilocal. The marked gap between boys and girls, which has nationwide implications, is the result of decisio...
Today, a woman is very uncertain about her very existence. She is always unsure about her life be... more Today, a woman is very uncertain about her very existence. She is always unsure about her life because she is always at a risk of being crushed at any moment. No place is safe for women, not even in their mother's wombs. In India the status of girl child reflects serious gender based differences, inequalities and discrimination. Preference for son in the society and discrimination against girl child are interlinked due to interplay of different factors. Despite widespread progress in improving the health, nutrition and education of children, the situation of girls continue to be disadvantaged compared to that of boys. Girls are often seen as less important to family and community life than boys regardless of the fact that g irl children constitute one fourth of population in India. Indian society, like most of the society’s world over, is patrilineal, patriarchal and patrilocal. The marked gap between boys and girls, which has nationwide implications, is the result of decisio ns...
Gender discrimination is a complex phenomenon, occurring as it does at the interface of cultural ... more Gender discrimination is a complex phenomenon, occurring as it does at the interface of cultural attitudes, deep-rooted prejudices, socioeconomic pressures and the spread and misuse of modern medical technology. Today modern medical facility allows for the determination of the sex of the foetus. These pre-natal diagnostic techniques (PNDT) are now being rampantly misused to determine the sex of the foetus and abort it if it is a female foetus. Female foeticide is emerging as major social problem, especially since the past one or two decades when these techniques became available and popular. Today advanced technology provides sophisticated methods of sex selection, which has led to a drastic fall in the child sex ratio through sex selective elimination of the girl child before birth. There are various measures and laws formulated by the government to prevent this malaise but this practice is now spreading to the urban and rural area also due to lack of awareness about female foetici...
Human development is not complete without gender equality, and attention to women's entitleme... more Human development is not complete without gender equality, and attention to women's entitlements. Even, human society is composed of both males and females. Both are of equal importance and are needed for the perpetuation of the society. Without one, the existence of the other is not possible. This is a universal fact that cannot be negated. Yet we find that women have been target of discriminations and unequal treatments in the society. Ours is a male dominated society and almost all cultures, practice discrimination against the girl child, not only from the earliest stage of life, throughout her childhood and into adulthood through the means of neglect of her health and nutrition, not providing her equal opportunities in education and social interaction etc. but even before her birth in the form of pre-birth sex selection and to abort the female foetus. Keeping in view, present study has been taken with the objectives to analysis the child sex ratio of Indian states and UTs wh...
The state of Himachal Pradesh enjoys a better public health care infrastructure and better health... more The state of Himachal Pradesh enjoys a better public health care infrastructure and better health status than many other Indian states. The department of health in Himachal has played an important role in this success through such activities as improving government health facilities and implementing targeted disease reduction campaigns. In addition, while other states have witnessed a strong rise in the share of health care services that are delivered by private doctors, trained or untrained, in Himachal Pradesh the share of health care provided by the government has been growing. There is good evidence then, that some things related to health in Himachal Pradesh are going quite well. Infant mortality in Himachal Pradesh has decreased over time but not as dramatically as in other states. Anemia among children has fallen in Himachal Pradesh, while it has risen in other states; however, anemia among pregnant women has grown. The paper presents major health and demographic indicators a...