Shawn Joy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Shawn Joy
Routledge eBooks, Mar 17, 2023
Earth has experienced several phases of glacial and interglacial climates over the past 200,000 y... more Earth has experienced several phases of glacial and interglacial climates over the past 200,000 years. A majority of that time has been under colder than current conditions. During these periods, large amounts of water were frozen at the poles, which lowered sea-levels by as much as 130 m. The climate has been so weighted toward colder conditions, that 90% of human history has taken place during lower than modern sea-levels. The reintroduction of freshwater into the oceans after the last glacial maximum radically changed global sea-levels, inland water tables, and littoral landscapes. Over the last 20,000 years, approximately 20 million km 2 of coastal landscape has been submerged worldwide, an area roughly the size of South America. The inundation of these landscapes has created gaps in our understanding of the history of humans directly interacting with the coasts. Here, I briefly review key global Middle and Upper Pleistocene era (162,000-11,500 years ago) archaeological sites and present a model for eastern coastally-adapted Paleoindian sites on the North American Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico (GOM) submerged continental shelf. It is clear from this review that coastally-adapted Paleoindian sites will not likely reflect the quintessential hallmarks of upland Paleoindian sites, with carefully-crafted bifacial projectile points constructed from exotic lithic material, megafaunal remains, ephemeral campsites signifying high mobility. Instead, coastal Paleoindian sites will likely contain micro-blade and utilized flakes technology constructed from locally sourced lithic material in place of projectile points, with few terrestrial fauna, replaced by shellfish middens at longer-term residential sites, within 10 to 12 km of the coast.
Day 2 Tue, May 02, 2023
The purpose of this paper is to present the refined and novel components that comprise a methodol... more The purpose of this paper is to present the refined and novel components that comprise a methodological proposal of the best practice for the larger paleolandscape reconstruction process in offshore wind development during Site Characterization. To accomplish this goal, several methods were used to bring subject matter experts together to discuss the needs and objectives relative to regulatory compliance, cultural interest, and engineering design in a multi-phase programmatic and survey process. The expansive results from this modeling approach have allowed Qualified Marine Archaeologists (QMAs) to develop, in collaboration with geologists and engineers, the paleolandscape ground model ahead of typical developments by several months. The produced data innovatively multiplied available metrics, allowing adjustment of the regional geologic timeline to date marine Transgressive Channel Groups (TCGs) in the area and allowed better sequencing of the late Pleistocene and corrected some ga...
Sea-level proxy data; R Bchron Model
Remote Sensing, 2021
Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective de... more Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective detection of submerged Stone Age sites exposed on the seafloor or embedded within its sediments. This phenomenon has recently enabled the non-invasive detection of several hitherto unknown submerged Stone Age sites, as well as the registration of acoustic responses from already known localities. Investigation of the acoustic-response characteristics of knapped lithics, which appear not to be replicated in naturally cracked lithic pieces (geofacts), is presently on-going through laboratory experiments and finite element (FE) modelling of high-resolution 3D-scanned pieces. Experimental work is also being undertaken, employing chirp sub-bottom systems (reflection seismic) on known sites in marine areas and inland water bodies. Fieldwork has already yielded positive results in this initial stage of development of an optimised Human-Altered Lithic Detection (HALD) method for mapping submerged S...
Quaternary International, 2019
Day 1 Mon, May 06, 2019, 2019
Pre-contact period submerged landscape archaeology in the United States has been driven and impro... more Pre-contact period submerged landscape archaeology in the United States has been driven and improved by the efforts of cultural resource managers (CRM). While academic organizations in the US have conducted submerged landscapes archaeology, the objective of this paper is to show how CRM projects on the Atlantic outer continental shelf (OCS) and in the Gulf of Mexico have expanded our understanding of principles and methods for mapping and evaluating submerged pre-contact period archaeological sites. Basically, there are two distinct kinds of submerged cultural resources that are considered by US legislation. These are historic shipwrecks or downed aircraft and pre-contact period archaeological sites. The Secretary of the Interior's qualifications for archaeologists conducting required surveys distinguish between these two kinds of archaeologists - historic and pre-contact. Methods and principles for shipwreck archaeology have been developed and practiced since the 1960s. Survey ...
Society for Historical Archaeology, 2018
Remote Sensing, 2021
Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective de... more Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective detection of submerged Stone Age sites exposed on the seafloor or embedded within its sediments. This phenomenon has recently enabled the non-invasive detection of several hitherto unknown submerged Stone Age sites, as well as the registration of acoustic responses from already known localities. Investigation of the acoustic-response characteristics of knapped lithics, which appear not to be replicated in naturally cracked lithic pieces (geofacts), is presently ongoing through laboratory experiments and finite element (FE) modelling of high-resolution 3D-scanned pieces. Experimental work is also being undertaken, employing chirp sub-bottom systems (reflec-tion seismic) on known sites in marine areas and inland water bodies. Fieldwork has already yielded positive results in this initial stage of development of an optimised Human-Altered Lithic Detection (HALD) method for mapping submerged S...
The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology
Routledge eBooks, Mar 17, 2023
Earth has experienced several phases of glacial and interglacial climates over the past 200,000 y... more Earth has experienced several phases of glacial and interglacial climates over the past 200,000 years. A majority of that time has been under colder than current conditions. During these periods, large amounts of water were frozen at the poles, which lowered sea-levels by as much as 130 m. The climate has been so weighted toward colder conditions, that 90% of human history has taken place during lower than modern sea-levels. The reintroduction of freshwater into the oceans after the last glacial maximum radically changed global sea-levels, inland water tables, and littoral landscapes. Over the last 20,000 years, approximately 20 million km 2 of coastal landscape has been submerged worldwide, an area roughly the size of South America. The inundation of these landscapes has created gaps in our understanding of the history of humans directly interacting with the coasts. Here, I briefly review key global Middle and Upper Pleistocene era (162,000-11,500 years ago) archaeological sites and present a model for eastern coastally-adapted Paleoindian sites on the North American Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico (GOM) submerged continental shelf. It is clear from this review that coastally-adapted Paleoindian sites will not likely reflect the quintessential hallmarks of upland Paleoindian sites, with carefully-crafted bifacial projectile points constructed from exotic lithic material, megafaunal remains, ephemeral campsites signifying high mobility. Instead, coastal Paleoindian sites will likely contain micro-blade and utilized flakes technology constructed from locally sourced lithic material in place of projectile points, with few terrestrial fauna, replaced by shellfish middens at longer-term residential sites, within 10 to 12 km of the coast.
Day 2 Tue, May 02, 2023
The purpose of this paper is to present the refined and novel components that comprise a methodol... more The purpose of this paper is to present the refined and novel components that comprise a methodological proposal of the best practice for the larger paleolandscape reconstruction process in offshore wind development during Site Characterization. To accomplish this goal, several methods were used to bring subject matter experts together to discuss the needs and objectives relative to regulatory compliance, cultural interest, and engineering design in a multi-phase programmatic and survey process. The expansive results from this modeling approach have allowed Qualified Marine Archaeologists (QMAs) to develop, in collaboration with geologists and engineers, the paleolandscape ground model ahead of typical developments by several months. The produced data innovatively multiplied available metrics, allowing adjustment of the regional geologic timeline to date marine Transgressive Channel Groups (TCGs) in the area and allowed better sequencing of the late Pleistocene and corrected some ga...
Sea-level proxy data; R Bchron Model
Remote Sensing, 2021
Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective de... more Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective detection of submerged Stone Age sites exposed on the seafloor or embedded within its sediments. This phenomenon has recently enabled the non-invasive detection of several hitherto unknown submerged Stone Age sites, as well as the registration of acoustic responses from already known localities. Investigation of the acoustic-response characteristics of knapped lithics, which appear not to be replicated in naturally cracked lithic pieces (geofacts), is presently on-going through laboratory experiments and finite element (FE) modelling of high-resolution 3D-scanned pieces. Experimental work is also being undertaken, employing chirp sub-bottom systems (reflection seismic) on known sites in marine areas and inland water bodies. Fieldwork has already yielded positive results in this initial stage of development of an optimised Human-Altered Lithic Detection (HALD) method for mapping submerged S...
Quaternary International, 2019
Day 1 Mon, May 06, 2019, 2019
Pre-contact period submerged landscape archaeology in the United States has been driven and impro... more Pre-contact period submerged landscape archaeology in the United States has been driven and improved by the efforts of cultural resource managers (CRM). While academic organizations in the US have conducted submerged landscapes archaeology, the objective of this paper is to show how CRM projects on the Atlantic outer continental shelf (OCS) and in the Gulf of Mexico have expanded our understanding of principles and methods for mapping and evaluating submerged pre-contact period archaeological sites. Basically, there are two distinct kinds of submerged cultural resources that are considered by US legislation. These are historic shipwrecks or downed aircraft and pre-contact period archaeological sites. The Secretary of the Interior's qualifications for archaeologists conducting required surveys distinguish between these two kinds of archaeologists - historic and pre-contact. Methods and principles for shipwreck archaeology have been developed and practiced since the 1960s. Survey ...
Society for Historical Archaeology, 2018
Remote Sensing, 2021
Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective de... more Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective detection of submerged Stone Age sites exposed on the seafloor or embedded within its sediments. This phenomenon has recently enabled the non-invasive detection of several hitherto unknown submerged Stone Age sites, as well as the registration of acoustic responses from already known localities. Investigation of the acoustic-response characteristics of knapped lithics, which appear not to be replicated in naturally cracked lithic pieces (geofacts), is presently ongoing through laboratory experiments and finite element (FE) modelling of high-resolution 3D-scanned pieces. Experimental work is also being undertaken, employing chirp sub-bottom systems (reflec-tion seismic) on known sites in marine areas and inland water bodies. Fieldwork has already yielded positive results in this initial stage of development of an optimised Human-Altered Lithic Detection (HALD) method for mapping submerged S...
The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology