Sheeraz Iqbal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sheeraz Iqbal

Research paper thumbnail of A Novel Hybrid Approach for Power Quality Improvement in a Vehicle-to-Grid Setup Using Droop-ANN Model

International Journal of Energy Research

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the power grid has attracted considerable attention... more The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the power grid has attracted considerable attention due to its potential benefits, such as demand response and power quality improvement. However, the intermittent and unpredictable nature of EVs’ charging and discharging behavior can cause significant challenges to the grid’s stability and power quality. This research study explores the use of a droop-ANN model to improve power quality in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. The proposed approach integrates an artificial neural network (ANN) into the droop control technique to accurately predict the voltage and frequency of the charger. Through simulations, the model’s effectiveness in reducing power fluctuations and enhancing power quality was validated. The results indicate that the droop-ANN model significantly improves power quality across various battery state of charge (SoC) and charging/discharging scenarios. The findings highlight the potential of the droop-ANN model to enhance stabil...

Research paper thumbnail of Predictive evaluation of solar energy variables for a large-scale solar power plant based on triple deep learning forecast models

Alexandria Engineering Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Transition towards a sustainable power system: MA-DA&DC framework based voltage control in high PV penetration networks

Research paper thumbnail of Techno-economic and GHG mitigation assessment of concentrated solar thermal and PV systems for different climate zones

Research paper thumbnail of Integration of solar based charging station in power distribution network and charging scheduling of EVs

Frontiers in Energy Research, Jan 12, 2023

The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) such as Easy Bike, Auto-Rickshaw, and Electric B... more The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) such as Easy Bike, Auto-Rickshaw, and Electric Bike is a major contributor to global energy concerns. Although electric vehicles are bringing a new dimension to the transportation sector, with advantages such as being the cheapest method of transportation and emitting fewer greenhouse gases (GHGs), the massive amounts of energy required to charge the electric vehicles is a challenging issue. Pakistan is also moving toward the use of electric vehicles however the absence of charging facilities in Pakistan slows down the charging process and increases the prices for electric vehicle users. Finding the requisite charging without threatening the current power infrastructure is one of the most challenging tasks of the present era. Renewable energy-based charging is required to fulfill the charging demand of electric vehicles. To find the best configuration to meet the necessary daily charging demand, this proposed work undertakes a technoeconomic assessment for a novel renewables-based grid-tied charging station. The technical, economic and environmental impacts of Solar based grid-tied charging stations are taken into account. Moreover, the results are justified by considering the losses and building the system model. The suggested strategy decreases energy costs from .200/kWhto.200/kWh to .200/kWhto.016/kWh while reducing grid load by 254,030 kWh/yr. Furthermore, the system completes 7.7 charging sessions every day, using 13% of the electricity generated. The remaining 87% of the electricity is sold back to the grid, which generates significant revenue. KEYWORDS solar energy, electric vehicles, power distribution, HOMER grid, charging scheduling 1 Introduction Fossil fuels are used to meet the majority of the world's energy needs. Natural gas, crude oil, coal, heavy oils, etc. account for nearly 85% of all energy production. The conditions of the atmosphere are being negatively impacted by these resources (Nabavi et al., 2021

Research paper thumbnail of A Resilience-Oriented Bidirectional ANFIS Framework for Networked Microgrid Management

Processes

This study implemented a bidirectional artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to solve t... more This study implemented a bidirectional artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to solve the problem of system resilience in synchronized and islanded grid mode/operation (during normal operation and in the event of a catastrophic disaster, respectively). Included in this setup are photovoltaics, wind turbines, batteries, and smart load management. Solar panels, wind turbines, and battery-charging supercapacitors are just a few of the sustainable energy sources ANFIS coordinates. The first step in the process was the development of a mode-specific control algorithm to address the system’s current behavior. Relative ANFIS will take over to greatly boost resilience during times of crisis, power savings, and routine operations. A bidirectional converter connects the battery in order to keep the DC link stable and allow energy displacement due to changes in generation and consumption. When combined with the ANFIS algorithm, PV can be used to meet precise power needs. This means i...

Research paper thumbnail of Implications of smart grid and customer involvement in energy management and economics

Research paper thumbnail of Utilizing Parallel Superconducting Element as a Novel Approach of Flux-Coupled Type SFCL to Limit DC Current in the System

Electronics

To lessen the amount of energy lost during transmission, electricity is increasingly being sent u... more To lessen the amount of energy lost during transmission, electricity is increasingly being sent using high-voltage lines. Transmission loss in a DC system is lower than in an AC system over long distances. The DC system can improve the efficiency of long-distance transmission by connecting power grids with different requirements. The DC method is becoming popular since it helps to keep the grid stable. Managing and blocking DC flow is crucial to system functionality. In this study, we explore the operation of a flux-coupled type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) in a DC system, where the two windings are connected in parallel to limit the fault current flow. A flux-coupled type SFCL is built by connecting two coils in parallel and a superconducting element (SE) in series with the secondary coil. The functions of an SFCL of the flux-coupled kind are equivalent in both direct and alternating current systems. Because of the opposing magnetic fluxes produced by the two coils,...

Research paper thumbnail of Solar PV-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Security Bikes: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis

Sustainability

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more attractive for a variety of reasons. One of the major a... more Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more attractive for a variety of reasons. One of the major advantages of EVs is that they emit fewer polluted gases. Other factors that must be addressed include an increase in fuel prices and a decline in energy resources such as fossil fuels. These characteristics have a greater impact on Pakistan’s clean and green image. Electric vehicles are becoming an attractive option for reducing global fossil fuel usage, as well as CO2 emissions, from road transportation. The electricity required to charge an EV’s battery is commonly sourced from the power grid. When EVs are charged by the electrical grid, there are significant power constraints in the system. To promote renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions, specific solar system-based charging stations should be designed. Other benefits of renewable energy generation include increased grid flexibility and reduced grid congestion. Moreover, the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Power Electronics in Primary Frequency Control and Power Quality in an Industrial Micro-grid Considering V2G Technology

2019 IEEE 3rd Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

Over the most recent two decades, developing utilization of sustainable and dispersed vitality so... more Over the most recent two decades, developing utilization of sustainable and dispersed vitality sources has made fresh difficulties in power framework for the utility in regards to the voltage regulation, frequency regulation power quality and effective vitality use. Power electronic gadgets (inverters /Converters) are broadly used to interface the developing vitality frameworks (without and with vitality stockpiling, for example, Batteries and EVs) in distribution frameworks. A useful case of such a three phase, an industrial micro-grid tied power converters framework would be quick charging stations for electric vehicles. In this research article, it has been noticed that the EVs outfitted with the ability of a vehicle to grid (V2G) technology, propose various constraints like essential recurrence control dynamic power guideline, primary frequency control, load stabilizing, purification of harmonic distortions in current wave form and active power regulation etcetera. Also, this exploration paper builds up a way to deal with improve the power quality dependent on dead time (DT) pay strategy for power converters in a modern smaller scale matrix. For example, torque pulsation, harmonic distortion and sinusoidal load current decreases. Additionally, control converters assume a significant job in refine the power quality, energy usage, upgrading the power factor, and guaranteeing productive energy use and vitality the executives in a modern industrial micro-grid with renewable power source.

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation Framework of Non-Technical Losses Detection in Micro Grid Environment

2019 IEEE 3rd Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

With the rapid increase of modern grid research, Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is used for automa... more With the rapid increase of modern grid research, Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is used for automatically and numerically collecting data from smart meter transferring it to a required place for processing. The data is formerly processed for billing and analysis of diverse tenacity depending on the requisite. The parameters for analysis include voltage, current etc. Besides, by using such a system, the billing of the consumers will be on actual values obtained from smart meter afore on estimated values that are based on previous 3-4 months’ consumption which are predicated without taking actual values in the field. The most important concern related to smart grid implementation is energy theft. The core objective of this paper is to develop an environment which depicts automatic metering infrastructure (AMI) and implement the required structure in that environment in order to obtain the required result. The result can be obtained with the help of smart meter deployed on the consumer end.

Research paper thumbnail of Single Algorithm Mpso Depend Solar And Wind Mppt Control And Integrated With Fuzzy Controller For Grid Integration

2019 IEEE 3rd Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

A specific technique in this paper is fuzzy logic controller and modifies PSO integrated with Fuz... more A specific technique in this paper is fuzzy logic controller and modifies PSO integrated with Fuzzy controller depend advanced algorithm for solar and wind power Maximum Power Point Tracking and integration with the power grid. The aim of this technique is to Achieve MPP at very early stage and maintain that MPP. In this technique we also focus on the reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion and improve the system stability. The whole design has five major blocks which are photovoltaic module, MPPT module, DC-AC converter, utility grid and potential source converter. To accomplish this role, the study evaluates the background of PV and wind-systems and also their integration with the grid. The basic goal is to maximize the utilization of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for matching the load demand by selection of optimal configurations of proposed work. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is utilized for efficiently regulate the pulse width of the controlled signal of the boost converter for maintaining the potential level of DC bus at exclusive value. Load on demand at all times, the output of solar and wind energy is integrated suitably. In this work, modified Fuzzy-PSO depend control technique of the MPPT has been discussed under different conditions. This proposed method lowers the steady state oscillation (to practically zero), after the maximum power point (MPP) is located. The modified particle swarm optimization depends on MPPT for PV and wind system is accessible which is interconnected with other control schemes for example synchronization with current control and grid. The MPP alters with changing in solar irradiation and temperature. It also changes with the change in the wind Speed. Subsequently, a detailed literature review is conducted to highlight on various technologies that are used in the integration of hybrid-systems to the grid. The technologies discussed include: isolated technologies, incremental conductance and Perturb and Observe (P&O), MPPT algorithms. Finally, the literature review elaborates on aspects of the fuzzy-logic MPPT algorithm and how it handles variations in potentials, current and power from Hybrid-systems that are integrated with the grid. The methodology section shows the system configuration along with the results. For the powerful integration, a phase locked loop (PLL) block is used for providing output phase signal same as input. In fuzzy logic controller, the error signal of potentials and currents are controlled by adding the input signal of ‘E’ and ‘CE’ which is actually the error rate added to the controller based on fuzzy logic. A model which is proposed also validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK by using different modules.

Research paper thumbnail of Decentralized Based Advance Optimized Scheduling Scheme to Charge and Discharge the Electric Vehicles

2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE)

Electric vehicles are more and more became come out in power systems. Electric cars, including th... more Electric vehicles are more and more became come out in power systems. Electric cars, including the quantity and duration of charging and discharging their batteries, will give exceptional improvements to the structure of power networks if they use Optimum Scheduling Schemes. The energy costs in the entire architecture of the power system can be gradually modified by paying in periods of low power costs and releasing in periods of high-power costs. In addition, in high-demand cycles in the power system it can be supported to satisfy the electricity demand. On the other hand, at a time when a thought about the vast population of electric vehicles could be influential in their ideal planning, multiple down to earth considerations including the battery life. However, the scheduling problem has 2 major future challenges. First, the challenge is to cut down cost using decentralized optimal scheduling solution. Second, it is arduous finding distributed scheduling scheme, can maintain huge population and EVs abnormal arrivals. Localized optimum scheduling, globally optimal scheduling, and locally optimal scheduling are three EV charging and discharge techniques presented in this research. At the start we delineate global scheduling optimization issue by optimizing charging forces to reduce the cost of EVs performing charging and discharging for a day. Decentralized optimal solution offers the absolute minimum cost. The globally optimal scheduling scheme, however, is not realistic because it entails details dependent on potential base loads from EVs, arrival times and charging times that will arrive in the future time of day. To build concrete scheduling schemes, we need to delineate the decentralized scheduling optimization in order to minimize the total cost of EVs in the current ongoing local community EV collection. Here, a distributed EV charging controller is developed to achieve “valley filling” (flattening demand profiles during nighttime charging), thereby fulfilling diverse individual charging requirements and addressing distribution network constraints significantly improved than others.

Research paper thumbnail of Improvement in the Efficiency of Inverter Involved in Microgrid

2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), 2018

The topic of research “Improvements in the efficiency of the inverter involved in microgrid” is v... more The topic of research “Improvements in the efficiency of the inverter involved in microgrid” is very versatile. The microgrid is one of the most prevalent areas of present research. Role of an inverter in a microgrid is very important. Our focus on the smart consumption which is the important part of microgrid. This research paper develops an approach to improve the fundamental voltage magnitude and phase angle output based on dead time (DT) compensation method for inverters. The Industrial load is comprised of running Induction motors (IM) and generators etcetera. 90 percent of an industrial load depends on induction motors. The running induction motor (IM) gives way to the abundant amount of power losses. Additionally., the parametric values of induction motors are improved and controlled by Variable Frequency Drives (VFD). Furthermore., Fundamental Voltage Magnitude is decreased without compensation and is increased after the dead time compensation technique is used. Similarly., Phase Angle output is distorted without dead time compensation and improved after dead time compensation. The designed system model is simulated for useful graphs. These results are analyzed and compared with primitive work.

Research paper thumbnail of Heliostats Automation System For A Solar Power Tower Plant'S Efficiency Increment

In this paper a System for the automatic positioning of the heliostats of the Solar Power Tower p... more In this paper a System for the automatic positioning of the heliostats of the Solar Power Tower plant is presented a clod detection system and a sun position algorithm will compute the exact position of the Sun, and the clouds will be detected next to the sun in order to preserve the integrity of the power tower's system. The main purpose of this system is to achieve a maximum efficiency. Change the positions of the heliostat to away from the sun, when the clouds are about to cover the sun. In this way we can maintain the integrity of the system and to avoid damaging of the central receiver. The data that are used in the source code for the computation of the outputs from the given input parameters are also discussed. The system is successfully shock free and more efficient.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Charging Station Operator (CSO) on V2G Method for Primary Frequency Control (PFC) in an Industrial Microgrid

2019 IEEE 3rd Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), 2019

Electric vehicles (EVs) due to their portentous capabilities like fast regulating capabilities ar... more Electric vehicles (EVs) due to their portentous capabilities like fast regulating capabilities are providing regulation of primary frequency services. However, contribution of electric vehicles (EVs) in primary frequency control (PFC), come up with challenges like simultaneously achieving the industrial microgrid operator dispatch and the estimated EVs batteries of state of charge (SOC) levels. As a solution to this issue, we recommend operative and dominating role of charging station operator (CSO) and control scheme of vehicle to grid, in which an indeterminate task is executed in the industrial microgrid operator (IMGO) without meticulous electric vehicles (EVs) charging/discharging statistics. The charging station operator (CSO) regulation can be attained by assigning the regulation job within the primary frequency regulation capability of electric vehicles (EVs). The anticipated SOC amount of electric vehicles (EVs) are assured by the real time rectification of their programmed/planned vehicles to grid power. Our previous research was based on decentralized vehicle-to-grid (V2G) control methods for EVs to participate in primary frequency control. In this research article, a strategy has been formulated for bringing a lot of EVs fleets into the centralized system for primary frequency control (PFC) in an industrial microgrid (IMG).

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency Regulation and optimization of Microgrid System with Multi PV-VSG using Advanced Droop Controller

2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), 2020

The future of the machine-controlled power system is advancing to an inverter-based power system ... more The future of the machine-controlled power system is advancing to an inverter-based power system with a huge integration of renewable energy sources (RES) like photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy. The penetration of RES leads to instability of frequency due to the lack of inertia. Recent development has been made in inverter’s based virtual inertia control for frequency regulation in virtual synchronous generator-based systems. Inverters connecting to the microgrid are provided with virtual inertia and droop control by the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) system. In this study, three parallel VSGs based PV systems are used to investigate the frequency response and voltage stability. An advanced genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method is utilized to attain the optimum parameters of the droop control used in the VSGs. Furthermore, two different case studies with respect to load change are analyzed in detail with comparisons with the classical droop controller. The simulation results observed many improvements of the proposed controller over the classical controller.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Analysis of FACTs Controller for Congestion Mitigation in Power System

2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2020

Due to ever-increasing power demand, the power system is facing issues such as congestion, line o... more Due to ever-increasing power demand, the power system is facing issues such as congestion, line outages, system reliability, and stability challenges. The impetus to revise the traditional power transmission theory and practice, and to introduce new concepts for improving the performance of the existing AC transmission system caused the development of flexible AC transmission system controllers (FACTs). Due to their capability of controlling transmission system parameters, the utilization of FACTs controllers has become essential to enhance the power system capability. To investigate the performance of FACTs controllers, this study incorporates the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in the power system. UPFC is used to mitigate transmission line congestion by controlling the transmission line power flow. In this paper, a modified control circuit for UPFC is implemented. Moreover, the selection of a suitable location for UPFC is necessary because of its techno-economic impacts. Therefore, this work uses a sensitivity-based approach for the selection of a suitable place of UPFC. To decide the suitable location, control parameters of UPFC along with system loss sensitivity indices are used. The model of UPFC along with the control circuit is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC. To investigate the performance of UPFC, a five bus seven-line transmission system is used. After installing the UPFC at an appropriate location, the power flow results of transmission lines are compared with and without the usage of UPFC.

Research paper thumbnail of Aggregated Electric Vehicle-to-Grid for Primary Frequency Control in a Microgrid- A Review

2018 IEEE 2nd International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC), 2018

In recent past, rapid growth in infiltration of electric vehicles have been observed. Main factor... more In recent past, rapid growth in infiltration of electric vehicles have been observed. Main factors causing this increase are, firstly the environment friendly nature of EVs and secondly, its capability to support bidirectional flow of electric power with the microgrid. Furthermore, alongside with providing transportation requirement along with the decrease in carbon contents in atmosphere, EVs are also extensively employed to support immediate frequency control of grid. This paper provides a review of aggregated EV of primary frequency control in microgrid environment. In this paper, it has been noted that the electric vehicles furnished with the capability of a vehicle to grid application, suggest numerous parameters like primary frequency control active power regulation, load balancing, filtration of harmonics in current and reactive power support etcetera. These parameters allow efficient use ancillary services as well as voltage control, frequency control and spinning reserves. In vehicle to grid applications, vehicles have the capability to regulate the active power, track intermittent nature of renewable energy resources (RER) and reactive power support. This article also explains the gird functions which are delivered by V2G technology.

Research paper thumbnail of Wind Turbine System based Virtual Synchronous Generator Control for Microgrid Frequency Regulation

E3S Web of Conferences, 2021

The power system is dominated by the renewable energy resources since last two decades. The main ... more The power system is dominated by the renewable energy resources since last two decades. The main cause behind this enormous deployment of RES is to combat the global warming and to decrease dependency on fossil fuels. Wind energy is one of the abundant available sources of energy throughout the world. However, the huge deployment of wind energy in the power system cause vulnerability to the system. The main cause is the lack of system inertia in RES which cannot effectively respond during the power imbalance condition. To counter this effect, the virtual synchronous generators are deployed in the RES based power system. The VSG mimics the synchronous generator features and therefore it possesses the ability to provide the inertial support to system. In this paper, a wind base multiple VSG system is proposed to counter the frequency irregularities of the system. Furthermore, a comparison with classical droop control is done based on load variation. Moreover, the genetic algorithm is ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Novel Hybrid Approach for Power Quality Improvement in a Vehicle-to-Grid Setup Using Droop-ANN Model

International Journal of Energy Research

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the power grid has attracted considerable attention... more The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the power grid has attracted considerable attention due to its potential benefits, such as demand response and power quality improvement. However, the intermittent and unpredictable nature of EVs’ charging and discharging behavior can cause significant challenges to the grid’s stability and power quality. This research study explores the use of a droop-ANN model to improve power quality in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. The proposed approach integrates an artificial neural network (ANN) into the droop control technique to accurately predict the voltage and frequency of the charger. Through simulations, the model’s effectiveness in reducing power fluctuations and enhancing power quality was validated. The results indicate that the droop-ANN model significantly improves power quality across various battery state of charge (SoC) and charging/discharging scenarios. The findings highlight the potential of the droop-ANN model to enhance stabil...

Research paper thumbnail of Predictive evaluation of solar energy variables for a large-scale solar power plant based on triple deep learning forecast models

Alexandria Engineering Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Transition towards a sustainable power system: MA-DA&DC framework based voltage control in high PV penetration networks

Research paper thumbnail of Techno-economic and GHG mitigation assessment of concentrated solar thermal and PV systems for different climate zones

Research paper thumbnail of Integration of solar based charging station in power distribution network and charging scheduling of EVs

Frontiers in Energy Research, Jan 12, 2023

The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) such as Easy Bike, Auto-Rickshaw, and Electric B... more The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) such as Easy Bike, Auto-Rickshaw, and Electric Bike is a major contributor to global energy concerns. Although electric vehicles are bringing a new dimension to the transportation sector, with advantages such as being the cheapest method of transportation and emitting fewer greenhouse gases (GHGs), the massive amounts of energy required to charge the electric vehicles is a challenging issue. Pakistan is also moving toward the use of electric vehicles however the absence of charging facilities in Pakistan slows down the charging process and increases the prices for electric vehicle users. Finding the requisite charging without threatening the current power infrastructure is one of the most challenging tasks of the present era. Renewable energy-based charging is required to fulfill the charging demand of electric vehicles. To find the best configuration to meet the necessary daily charging demand, this proposed work undertakes a technoeconomic assessment for a novel renewables-based grid-tied charging station. The technical, economic and environmental impacts of Solar based grid-tied charging stations are taken into account. Moreover, the results are justified by considering the losses and building the system model. The suggested strategy decreases energy costs from .200/kWhto.200/kWh to .200/kWhto.016/kWh while reducing grid load by 254,030 kWh/yr. Furthermore, the system completes 7.7 charging sessions every day, using 13% of the electricity generated. The remaining 87% of the electricity is sold back to the grid, which generates significant revenue. KEYWORDS solar energy, electric vehicles, power distribution, HOMER grid, charging scheduling 1 Introduction Fossil fuels are used to meet the majority of the world's energy needs. Natural gas, crude oil, coal, heavy oils, etc. account for nearly 85% of all energy production. The conditions of the atmosphere are being negatively impacted by these resources (Nabavi et al., 2021

Research paper thumbnail of A Resilience-Oriented Bidirectional ANFIS Framework for Networked Microgrid Management

Processes

This study implemented a bidirectional artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to solve t... more This study implemented a bidirectional artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to solve the problem of system resilience in synchronized and islanded grid mode/operation (during normal operation and in the event of a catastrophic disaster, respectively). Included in this setup are photovoltaics, wind turbines, batteries, and smart load management. Solar panels, wind turbines, and battery-charging supercapacitors are just a few of the sustainable energy sources ANFIS coordinates. The first step in the process was the development of a mode-specific control algorithm to address the system’s current behavior. Relative ANFIS will take over to greatly boost resilience during times of crisis, power savings, and routine operations. A bidirectional converter connects the battery in order to keep the DC link stable and allow energy displacement due to changes in generation and consumption. When combined with the ANFIS algorithm, PV can be used to meet precise power needs. This means i...

Research paper thumbnail of Implications of smart grid and customer involvement in energy management and economics

Research paper thumbnail of Utilizing Parallel Superconducting Element as a Novel Approach of Flux-Coupled Type SFCL to Limit DC Current in the System

Electronics

To lessen the amount of energy lost during transmission, electricity is increasingly being sent u... more To lessen the amount of energy lost during transmission, electricity is increasingly being sent using high-voltage lines. Transmission loss in a DC system is lower than in an AC system over long distances. The DC system can improve the efficiency of long-distance transmission by connecting power grids with different requirements. The DC method is becoming popular since it helps to keep the grid stable. Managing and blocking DC flow is crucial to system functionality. In this study, we explore the operation of a flux-coupled type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) in a DC system, where the two windings are connected in parallel to limit the fault current flow. A flux-coupled type SFCL is built by connecting two coils in parallel and a superconducting element (SE) in series with the secondary coil. The functions of an SFCL of the flux-coupled kind are equivalent in both direct and alternating current systems. Because of the opposing magnetic fluxes produced by the two coils,...

Research paper thumbnail of Solar PV-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Security Bikes: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis

Sustainability

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more attractive for a variety of reasons. One of the major a... more Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more attractive for a variety of reasons. One of the major advantages of EVs is that they emit fewer polluted gases. Other factors that must be addressed include an increase in fuel prices and a decline in energy resources such as fossil fuels. These characteristics have a greater impact on Pakistan’s clean and green image. Electric vehicles are becoming an attractive option for reducing global fossil fuel usage, as well as CO2 emissions, from road transportation. The electricity required to charge an EV’s battery is commonly sourced from the power grid. When EVs are charged by the electrical grid, there are significant power constraints in the system. To promote renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions, specific solar system-based charging stations should be designed. Other benefits of renewable energy generation include increased grid flexibility and reduced grid congestion. Moreover, the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Power Electronics in Primary Frequency Control and Power Quality in an Industrial Micro-grid Considering V2G Technology

2019 IEEE 3rd Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

Over the most recent two decades, developing utilization of sustainable and dispersed vitality so... more Over the most recent two decades, developing utilization of sustainable and dispersed vitality sources has made fresh difficulties in power framework for the utility in regards to the voltage regulation, frequency regulation power quality and effective vitality use. Power electronic gadgets (inverters /Converters) are broadly used to interface the developing vitality frameworks (without and with vitality stockpiling, for example, Batteries and EVs) in distribution frameworks. A useful case of such a three phase, an industrial micro-grid tied power converters framework would be quick charging stations for electric vehicles. In this research article, it has been noticed that the EVs outfitted with the ability of a vehicle to grid (V2G) technology, propose various constraints like essential recurrence control dynamic power guideline, primary frequency control, load stabilizing, purification of harmonic distortions in current wave form and active power regulation etcetera. Also, this exploration paper builds up a way to deal with improve the power quality dependent on dead time (DT) pay strategy for power converters in a modern smaller scale matrix. For example, torque pulsation, harmonic distortion and sinusoidal load current decreases. Additionally, control converters assume a significant job in refine the power quality, energy usage, upgrading the power factor, and guaranteeing productive energy use and vitality the executives in a modern industrial micro-grid with renewable power source.

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation Framework of Non-Technical Losses Detection in Micro Grid Environment

2019 IEEE 3rd Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

With the rapid increase of modern grid research, Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is used for automa... more With the rapid increase of modern grid research, Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is used for automatically and numerically collecting data from smart meter transferring it to a required place for processing. The data is formerly processed for billing and analysis of diverse tenacity depending on the requisite. The parameters for analysis include voltage, current etc. Besides, by using such a system, the billing of the consumers will be on actual values obtained from smart meter afore on estimated values that are based on previous 3-4 months’ consumption which are predicated without taking actual values in the field. The most important concern related to smart grid implementation is energy theft. The core objective of this paper is to develop an environment which depicts automatic metering infrastructure (AMI) and implement the required structure in that environment in order to obtain the required result. The result can be obtained with the help of smart meter deployed on the consumer end.

Research paper thumbnail of Single Algorithm Mpso Depend Solar And Wind Mppt Control And Integrated With Fuzzy Controller For Grid Integration

2019 IEEE 3rd Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

A specific technique in this paper is fuzzy logic controller and modifies PSO integrated with Fuz... more A specific technique in this paper is fuzzy logic controller and modifies PSO integrated with Fuzzy controller depend advanced algorithm for solar and wind power Maximum Power Point Tracking and integration with the power grid. The aim of this technique is to Achieve MPP at very early stage and maintain that MPP. In this technique we also focus on the reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion and improve the system stability. The whole design has five major blocks which are photovoltaic module, MPPT module, DC-AC converter, utility grid and potential source converter. To accomplish this role, the study evaluates the background of PV and wind-systems and also their integration with the grid. The basic goal is to maximize the utilization of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for matching the load demand by selection of optimal configurations of proposed work. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is utilized for efficiently regulate the pulse width of the controlled signal of the boost converter for maintaining the potential level of DC bus at exclusive value. Load on demand at all times, the output of solar and wind energy is integrated suitably. In this work, modified Fuzzy-PSO depend control technique of the MPPT has been discussed under different conditions. This proposed method lowers the steady state oscillation (to practically zero), after the maximum power point (MPP) is located. The modified particle swarm optimization depends on MPPT for PV and wind system is accessible which is interconnected with other control schemes for example synchronization with current control and grid. The MPP alters with changing in solar irradiation and temperature. It also changes with the change in the wind Speed. Subsequently, a detailed literature review is conducted to highlight on various technologies that are used in the integration of hybrid-systems to the grid. The technologies discussed include: isolated technologies, incremental conductance and Perturb and Observe (P&O), MPPT algorithms. Finally, the literature review elaborates on aspects of the fuzzy-logic MPPT algorithm and how it handles variations in potentials, current and power from Hybrid-systems that are integrated with the grid. The methodology section shows the system configuration along with the results. For the powerful integration, a phase locked loop (PLL) block is used for providing output phase signal same as input. In fuzzy logic controller, the error signal of potentials and currents are controlled by adding the input signal of ‘E’ and ‘CE’ which is actually the error rate added to the controller based on fuzzy logic. A model which is proposed also validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK by using different modules.

Research paper thumbnail of Decentralized Based Advance Optimized Scheduling Scheme to Charge and Discharge the Electric Vehicles

2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE)

Electric vehicles are more and more became come out in power systems. Electric cars, including th... more Electric vehicles are more and more became come out in power systems. Electric cars, including the quantity and duration of charging and discharging their batteries, will give exceptional improvements to the structure of power networks if they use Optimum Scheduling Schemes. The energy costs in the entire architecture of the power system can be gradually modified by paying in periods of low power costs and releasing in periods of high-power costs. In addition, in high-demand cycles in the power system it can be supported to satisfy the electricity demand. On the other hand, at a time when a thought about the vast population of electric vehicles could be influential in their ideal planning, multiple down to earth considerations including the battery life. However, the scheduling problem has 2 major future challenges. First, the challenge is to cut down cost using decentralized optimal scheduling solution. Second, it is arduous finding distributed scheduling scheme, can maintain huge population and EVs abnormal arrivals. Localized optimum scheduling, globally optimal scheduling, and locally optimal scheduling are three EV charging and discharge techniques presented in this research. At the start we delineate global scheduling optimization issue by optimizing charging forces to reduce the cost of EVs performing charging and discharging for a day. Decentralized optimal solution offers the absolute minimum cost. The globally optimal scheduling scheme, however, is not realistic because it entails details dependent on potential base loads from EVs, arrival times and charging times that will arrive in the future time of day. To build concrete scheduling schemes, we need to delineate the decentralized scheduling optimization in order to minimize the total cost of EVs in the current ongoing local community EV collection. Here, a distributed EV charging controller is developed to achieve “valley filling” (flattening demand profiles during nighttime charging), thereby fulfilling diverse individual charging requirements and addressing distribution network constraints significantly improved than others.

Research paper thumbnail of Improvement in the Efficiency of Inverter Involved in Microgrid

2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), 2018

The topic of research “Improvements in the efficiency of the inverter involved in microgrid” is v... more The topic of research “Improvements in the efficiency of the inverter involved in microgrid” is very versatile. The microgrid is one of the most prevalent areas of present research. Role of an inverter in a microgrid is very important. Our focus on the smart consumption which is the important part of microgrid. This research paper develops an approach to improve the fundamental voltage magnitude and phase angle output based on dead time (DT) compensation method for inverters. The Industrial load is comprised of running Induction motors (IM) and generators etcetera. 90 percent of an industrial load depends on induction motors. The running induction motor (IM) gives way to the abundant amount of power losses. Additionally., the parametric values of induction motors are improved and controlled by Variable Frequency Drives (VFD). Furthermore., Fundamental Voltage Magnitude is decreased without compensation and is increased after the dead time compensation technique is used. Similarly., Phase Angle output is distorted without dead time compensation and improved after dead time compensation. The designed system model is simulated for useful graphs. These results are analyzed and compared with primitive work.

Research paper thumbnail of Heliostats Automation System For A Solar Power Tower Plant'S Efficiency Increment

In this paper a System for the automatic positioning of the heliostats of the Solar Power Tower p... more In this paper a System for the automatic positioning of the heliostats of the Solar Power Tower plant is presented a clod detection system and a sun position algorithm will compute the exact position of the Sun, and the clouds will be detected next to the sun in order to preserve the integrity of the power tower's system. The main purpose of this system is to achieve a maximum efficiency. Change the positions of the heliostat to away from the sun, when the clouds are about to cover the sun. In this way we can maintain the integrity of the system and to avoid damaging of the central receiver. The data that are used in the source code for the computation of the outputs from the given input parameters are also discussed. The system is successfully shock free and more efficient.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Charging Station Operator (CSO) on V2G Method for Primary Frequency Control (PFC) in an Industrial Microgrid

2019 IEEE 3rd Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), 2019

Electric vehicles (EVs) due to their portentous capabilities like fast regulating capabilities ar... more Electric vehicles (EVs) due to their portentous capabilities like fast regulating capabilities are providing regulation of primary frequency services. However, contribution of electric vehicles (EVs) in primary frequency control (PFC), come up with challenges like simultaneously achieving the industrial microgrid operator dispatch and the estimated EVs batteries of state of charge (SOC) levels. As a solution to this issue, we recommend operative and dominating role of charging station operator (CSO) and control scheme of vehicle to grid, in which an indeterminate task is executed in the industrial microgrid operator (IMGO) without meticulous electric vehicles (EVs) charging/discharging statistics. The charging station operator (CSO) regulation can be attained by assigning the regulation job within the primary frequency regulation capability of electric vehicles (EVs). The anticipated SOC amount of electric vehicles (EVs) are assured by the real time rectification of their programmed/planned vehicles to grid power. Our previous research was based on decentralized vehicle-to-grid (V2G) control methods for EVs to participate in primary frequency control. In this research article, a strategy has been formulated for bringing a lot of EVs fleets into the centralized system for primary frequency control (PFC) in an industrial microgrid (IMG).

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency Regulation and optimization of Microgrid System with Multi PV-VSG using Advanced Droop Controller

2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), 2020

The future of the machine-controlled power system is advancing to an inverter-based power system ... more The future of the machine-controlled power system is advancing to an inverter-based power system with a huge integration of renewable energy sources (RES) like photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy. The penetration of RES leads to instability of frequency due to the lack of inertia. Recent development has been made in inverter’s based virtual inertia control for frequency regulation in virtual synchronous generator-based systems. Inverters connecting to the microgrid are provided with virtual inertia and droop control by the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) system. In this study, three parallel VSGs based PV systems are used to investigate the frequency response and voltage stability. An advanced genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method is utilized to attain the optimum parameters of the droop control used in the VSGs. Furthermore, two different case studies with respect to load change are analyzed in detail with comparisons with the classical droop controller. The simulation results observed many improvements of the proposed controller over the classical controller.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Analysis of FACTs Controller for Congestion Mitigation in Power System

2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2020

Due to ever-increasing power demand, the power system is facing issues such as congestion, line o... more Due to ever-increasing power demand, the power system is facing issues such as congestion, line outages, system reliability, and stability challenges. The impetus to revise the traditional power transmission theory and practice, and to introduce new concepts for improving the performance of the existing AC transmission system caused the development of flexible AC transmission system controllers (FACTs). Due to their capability of controlling transmission system parameters, the utilization of FACTs controllers has become essential to enhance the power system capability. To investigate the performance of FACTs controllers, this study incorporates the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in the power system. UPFC is used to mitigate transmission line congestion by controlling the transmission line power flow. In this paper, a modified control circuit for UPFC is implemented. Moreover, the selection of a suitable location for UPFC is necessary because of its techno-economic impacts. Therefore, this work uses a sensitivity-based approach for the selection of a suitable place of UPFC. To decide the suitable location, control parameters of UPFC along with system loss sensitivity indices are used. The model of UPFC along with the control circuit is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC. To investigate the performance of UPFC, a five bus seven-line transmission system is used. After installing the UPFC at an appropriate location, the power flow results of transmission lines are compared with and without the usage of UPFC.

Research paper thumbnail of Aggregated Electric Vehicle-to-Grid for Primary Frequency Control in a Microgrid- A Review

2018 IEEE 2nd International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC), 2018

In recent past, rapid growth in infiltration of electric vehicles have been observed. Main factor... more In recent past, rapid growth in infiltration of electric vehicles have been observed. Main factors causing this increase are, firstly the environment friendly nature of EVs and secondly, its capability to support bidirectional flow of electric power with the microgrid. Furthermore, alongside with providing transportation requirement along with the decrease in carbon contents in atmosphere, EVs are also extensively employed to support immediate frequency control of grid. This paper provides a review of aggregated EV of primary frequency control in microgrid environment. In this paper, it has been noted that the electric vehicles furnished with the capability of a vehicle to grid application, suggest numerous parameters like primary frequency control active power regulation, load balancing, filtration of harmonics in current and reactive power support etcetera. These parameters allow efficient use ancillary services as well as voltage control, frequency control and spinning reserves. In vehicle to grid applications, vehicles have the capability to regulate the active power, track intermittent nature of renewable energy resources (RER) and reactive power support. This article also explains the gird functions which are delivered by V2G technology.

Research paper thumbnail of Wind Turbine System based Virtual Synchronous Generator Control for Microgrid Frequency Regulation

E3S Web of Conferences, 2021

The power system is dominated by the renewable energy resources since last two decades. The main ... more The power system is dominated by the renewable energy resources since last two decades. The main cause behind this enormous deployment of RES is to combat the global warming and to decrease dependency on fossil fuels. Wind energy is one of the abundant available sources of energy throughout the world. However, the huge deployment of wind energy in the power system cause vulnerability to the system. The main cause is the lack of system inertia in RES which cannot effectively respond during the power imbalance condition. To counter this effect, the virtual synchronous generators are deployed in the RES based power system. The VSG mimics the synchronous generator features and therefore it possesses the ability to provide the inertial support to system. In this paper, a wind base multiple VSG system is proposed to counter the frequency irregularities of the system. Furthermore, a comparison with classical droop control is done based on load variation. Moreover, the genetic algorithm is ...