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Papers by Sheila Fitzpatrick

The Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution, 2020

Recorded in Ithaca, NY by Cornell University., Sponsored by: University Lectures Committee,Commit... more Recorded in Ithaca, NY by Cornell University., Sponsored by: University Lectures Committee,Committee on Soviet Studies,History, Department of., Speaker(s): Oliver H. Radkey Regents' Professor of History, University of Texas at Austin., Lecture, October 20, 1988.

'Against the Grain' examines the dual careers of Brian Fitzpatrick and Manning Clark and ... more 'Against the Grain' examines the dual careers of Brian Fitzpatrick and Manning Clark and shows the political and personal difficulties that beset them both during their careers. Fitzpatrick was the older by a full decade, born in 1905 and raised in the lower middle-class suburb of Moonee Ponds. From the local state school and Essendon High he won a scholarship to The University of Melbourne and a further residential scholarship to Trinity College. While here, he became active in student life and helped found both the Labour Club and the student newspaper, Farrago. This was perhaps an outlet for his rebellious spirit.

Gorbachev’s Russia and American Foreign Policy, 2019

Les raisons de la ruse, 2004

Australian Journal of Politics & History, 2021

Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 2021

Past & Present, 2018

Anastasia Egorova was a one-legged Russian tramp whose wanderings took her all over the Soviet Un... more Anastasia Egorova was a one-legged Russian tramp whose wanderings took her all over the Soviet Union in the 1920s-1940s. At the end of the Second World War, she decided to see the world, and successfully crossed the Western border in 1945, claiming to be Polish. Travelling on to Italy, she found refuge in a psychiatric hospital and stayed there for four years, until Soviet officials looking for repatriation prospects came by and offered her free passage home. She accepted, and was duly repatriated and returned to her native village in 1950. This microhistory from the Soviet archives is examined with reference to the larger topics of marginality, individual agency, and travel and “self-actualization,” as well as the limitations of the “top-down” totalitarian model for Soviet history and questions of historical subjectivity

History Australia, 2015

Introduction to a special feature which focuses primarily on the history of one particular group ... more Introduction to a special feature which focuses primarily on the history of one particular group of DPs: people who had been exposed to Soviet rule during the war – either as Soviet citizens, or deportees and refugees from Poland and elsewhere – and who subsequently found their way to Australia in the late 1940s and early 1950s, mainly under the DP mass resettlement scheme administered by the International Refugee Organization (IRO).

History Australia, 2015

Millions of people were displaced as a result of the Second World War. Most were repatriated, but... more Millions of people were displaced as a result of the Second World War. Most were repatriated, but a ‘hard core’ of almost a million refused repatriation, awaiting resettlement outside Europe. These included many from the Baltic states, forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940. The essay presents a case study of three Latvians who found themselves in displaced persons’ (DP) camps in Germany after the war and ultimately settled in the United States and Australia. It suggests that, far from being simply pawns of fate, as is often thought, DPs consistently exercised individual and collective agency. This article has been peer reviewed.

History Australia, 2019

In 1949, Australia took in over 1300 'White Russians' … from China. They had been evacuated to th... more In 1949, Australia took in over 1300 'White Russians' … from China. They had been evacuated to the Philippines island of Tubabao by the International Refugee Organization (IRO) from Shanghai to escape the advancing Communists. This was a surprising move on Australia's part, given longstanding suspicions of Shanghai's Russian and Jewish community on grounds of immorality and political unreliability and the large-scale commitments Australia had already made to take 'displaced persons' from Europe in the wake of the Second World War to meet its labour shortages. Despite an avowed commitment to the strictest security and health vetting, Australia ended up accepting Russians from Tubabaoon average substantially older than its target migrant demographic, disinclined for manual labour and with a high incidence of TBwith only minimal security screening, despite widespread concerns that many held or had held Soviet passports. This article seeks to explain how this came about.

Journal of Contemporary History, 2017

The Russian Revolution has long been a subject of controversy among Russian/Soviet historians, bo... more The Russian Revolution has long been a subject of controversy among Russian/Soviet historians, both in the West and Russia/the Soviet Union. Now that the centenary has arrived, conferences are being held widely in Europe and the Americas, but less widely in the Russian Federation. For Putin’s regime, with its ambiguous relationship to the Soviet past, the centenary of the Russian Revolution is something of an embarrassment. An attempt to celebrate under the slogan of ‘reconciliation’ may or may not succeed.

Studies in East European Thought, 2018

The ABC of communism by Nikolai Bukharin and Evgenii Preobrazhenskii was both an exercise in utop... more The ABC of communism by Nikolai Bukharin and Evgenii Preobrazhenskii was both an exercise in utopian planning and a Left Communist manifesto. As such, Lenin viewed it with some suspicion. Its educational section combined ideological prescription with description of the actual policy of the Soviet People's Commissariat of Education (Narkompros), as well as elements of polemic with that policy. Preobrazhenskii, its author, would shortly emerge as a major opponent of Narkompros's core commitments in education, clashing with Nadezhda Krupskaia, Lenin's wife, and other Narkompros leaders.

Australian Historical Studies, 2019

This article assesses the role of anti-Communism in Australia's postwar immigration policy in the... more This article assesses the role of anti-Communism in Australia's postwar immigration policy in the years before the Petrov affair, with particular reference to the entry of Russians and Russian-speaking Jews from Europe and China. Our discussion focuses on the Department of Immigration under Arthur Calwell and his successor, Harold Holt, and the security agency, ASIO. We conclude that policy in this sphere was essentially bipartisan, and that anti-Communism was an important but not overwhelming motivation, stronger than the desire to prevent entry of Nazis and war criminals but probably less salient in practice than concern to minimise the entry of Jews.

The Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution, 2020

Recorded in Ithaca, NY by Cornell University., Sponsored by: University Lectures Committee,Commit... more Recorded in Ithaca, NY by Cornell University., Sponsored by: University Lectures Committee,Committee on Soviet Studies,History, Department of., Speaker(s): Oliver H. Radkey Regents' Professor of History, University of Texas at Austin., Lecture, October 20, 1988.

'Against the Grain' examines the dual careers of Brian Fitzpatrick and Manning Clark and ... more 'Against the Grain' examines the dual careers of Brian Fitzpatrick and Manning Clark and shows the political and personal difficulties that beset them both during their careers. Fitzpatrick was the older by a full decade, born in 1905 and raised in the lower middle-class suburb of Moonee Ponds. From the local state school and Essendon High he won a scholarship to The University of Melbourne and a further residential scholarship to Trinity College. While here, he became active in student life and helped found both the Labour Club and the student newspaper, Farrago. This was perhaps an outlet for his rebellious spirit.

Gorbachev’s Russia and American Foreign Policy, 2019

Les raisons de la ruse, 2004

Australian Journal of Politics & History, 2021

Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 2021

Past & Present, 2018

Anastasia Egorova was a one-legged Russian tramp whose wanderings took her all over the Soviet Un... more Anastasia Egorova was a one-legged Russian tramp whose wanderings took her all over the Soviet Union in the 1920s-1940s. At the end of the Second World War, she decided to see the world, and successfully crossed the Western border in 1945, claiming to be Polish. Travelling on to Italy, she found refuge in a psychiatric hospital and stayed there for four years, until Soviet officials looking for repatriation prospects came by and offered her free passage home. She accepted, and was duly repatriated and returned to her native village in 1950. This microhistory from the Soviet archives is examined with reference to the larger topics of marginality, individual agency, and travel and “self-actualization,” as well as the limitations of the “top-down” totalitarian model for Soviet history and questions of historical subjectivity

History Australia, 2015

Introduction to a special feature which focuses primarily on the history of one particular group ... more Introduction to a special feature which focuses primarily on the history of one particular group of DPs: people who had been exposed to Soviet rule during the war – either as Soviet citizens, or deportees and refugees from Poland and elsewhere – and who subsequently found their way to Australia in the late 1940s and early 1950s, mainly under the DP mass resettlement scheme administered by the International Refugee Organization (IRO).

History Australia, 2015

Millions of people were displaced as a result of the Second World War. Most were repatriated, but... more Millions of people were displaced as a result of the Second World War. Most were repatriated, but a ‘hard core’ of almost a million refused repatriation, awaiting resettlement outside Europe. These included many from the Baltic states, forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940. The essay presents a case study of three Latvians who found themselves in displaced persons’ (DP) camps in Germany after the war and ultimately settled in the United States and Australia. It suggests that, far from being simply pawns of fate, as is often thought, DPs consistently exercised individual and collective agency. This article has been peer reviewed.

History Australia, 2019

In 1949, Australia took in over 1300 'White Russians' … from China. They had been evacuated to th... more In 1949, Australia took in over 1300 'White Russians' … from China. They had been evacuated to the Philippines island of Tubabao by the International Refugee Organization (IRO) from Shanghai to escape the advancing Communists. This was a surprising move on Australia's part, given longstanding suspicions of Shanghai's Russian and Jewish community on grounds of immorality and political unreliability and the large-scale commitments Australia had already made to take 'displaced persons' from Europe in the wake of the Second World War to meet its labour shortages. Despite an avowed commitment to the strictest security and health vetting, Australia ended up accepting Russians from Tubabaoon average substantially older than its target migrant demographic, disinclined for manual labour and with a high incidence of TBwith only minimal security screening, despite widespread concerns that many held or had held Soviet passports. This article seeks to explain how this came about.

Journal of Contemporary History, 2017

The Russian Revolution has long been a subject of controversy among Russian/Soviet historians, bo... more The Russian Revolution has long been a subject of controversy among Russian/Soviet historians, both in the West and Russia/the Soviet Union. Now that the centenary has arrived, conferences are being held widely in Europe and the Americas, but less widely in the Russian Federation. For Putin’s regime, with its ambiguous relationship to the Soviet past, the centenary of the Russian Revolution is something of an embarrassment. An attempt to celebrate under the slogan of ‘reconciliation’ may or may not succeed.

Studies in East European Thought, 2018

The ABC of communism by Nikolai Bukharin and Evgenii Preobrazhenskii was both an exercise in utop... more The ABC of communism by Nikolai Bukharin and Evgenii Preobrazhenskii was both an exercise in utopian planning and a Left Communist manifesto. As such, Lenin viewed it with some suspicion. Its educational section combined ideological prescription with description of the actual policy of the Soviet People's Commissariat of Education (Narkompros), as well as elements of polemic with that policy. Preobrazhenskii, its author, would shortly emerge as a major opponent of Narkompros's core commitments in education, clashing with Nadezhda Krupskaia, Lenin's wife, and other Narkompros leaders.

Australian Historical Studies, 2019

This article assesses the role of anti-Communism in Australia's postwar immigration policy in the... more This article assesses the role of anti-Communism in Australia's postwar immigration policy in the years before the Petrov affair, with particular reference to the entry of Russians and Russian-speaking Jews from Europe and China. Our discussion focuses on the Department of Immigration under Arthur Calwell and his successor, Harold Holt, and the security agency, ASIO. We conclude that policy in this sphere was essentially bipartisan, and that anti-Communism was an important but not overwhelming motivation, stronger than the desire to prevent entry of Nazis and war criminals but probably less salient in practice than concern to minimise the entry of Jews.