Sheila Vir - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sheila Vir
Routledge eBooks, Aug 29, 2023
Child, Adolescent and Woman Nutrition in India
The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics, Apr 1, 1982
Title: Zinc status of Indian pregnant women of low income group and its effect on outcome of preg... more Title: Zinc status of Indian pregnant women of low income group and its effect on outcome of pregnancy. Author: Mittal, Ritu. : Bhargawa, Usha. : Anand, Sunanda. : Vir, SC Citation: Indian-J-Nutr-Diet. Coimbatore : Sri Avinashilingam Home Science College. April 1982. v. ...
Public Health Open Access
Implications of child undernutrition is not limited to adverse impact on physical growth but on o... more Implications of child undernutrition is not limited to adverse impact on physical growth but on optimum brain growth, mental health and cognitive development. The adverse effects of micronutrient deficiencies in mothers and children are serious with impact on morbidity, mortality, anemia, school performance, overall productivity and national development. Only in the last two decades, studies on the month-wise trend in the prevalence rate of child undernutrition in under five years has drawn attention to the fact that the stunting and underweight rate increases steadily up to 24 months, peaks at about two years of age and then stabilises. Efforts are therefore being directed to the significance of concentrating on implementation of child undernutrition preventive measure in the first 1000 days of life. As per the globally accepted conceptual framework of child malnutrition and the evidence available of effective interventions, emphasis is to ensure universal coverage of selected pack...
Maternal & Child Nutrition
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1979
A Cross-Sectional and Follow-UP study of young women taking oral contraceptive agents (OCA) revea... more A Cross-Sectional and Follow-UP study of young women taking oral contraceptive agents (OCA) revealed no significant adverse effect of OCA Bon riboflavin nutriture. Three of 33 women in the Cross-Sectional study had biochemical evidence of deficiency, while only 1 of the 12 women in the Follow-Up study developed biochemical deficiency after a period of 3 months. The biochemical riboflavin status showed no relationship with the duration of OCA use. Dietary riboflavin intake was adequate in the majority of the subjects and revealed no correlation with activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity.
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1979
Zinc and copper concentration in serum and hair were determined in 12 women before the initiation... more Zinc and copper concentration in serum and hair were determined in 12 women before the initiation of oral contraceptive therapy and after a period of 3 months and 6 months. A significant elevation in serum copper occured after the usage of oral contraceptive for 3 months. The taking of oral contraceptive agent (OCA) for a subsequent 3 month period caused no further significant increase in serum copper concentration. No significant effect of OCA on serum zinc and on hair concentration of these trace elements was noted. Further study is indicated to establish the significance of these on overall metabolism and on clinical consequences.
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Reviews, 2017
Objectives: The overall aim of this study was to assess the nutritional situation of self-help gr... more Objectives: The overall aim of this study was to assess the nutritional situation of self-help group (SHG) women and children involved in microfinance livelihood activities, and to present evidence for interventions required to improve the nutritional status. Methods: A total of 58 rural SHG women-29 from women farmer groups(WFG)and 29 not from women farmer groups (Non-WFG)-residing in the same region with children below 5 years participated in the study. The study assessed their nutritional status using anthropometric measures; coverage of maternal health services including the availability, consumption and knowledge of benefits of iron-folic acid supplements; and infant and child feeding practices. Results: The findings revealed that 44.8% of women involved in WFG's had a low Body Mass Index, compared to 31.0 % of Non-WFG women. The percentage of women with low weight (less than 45 kg) was also much higher for women in farmer groups. Severe stunting and severe under weight (both 17.2% as well as severe wasting (6.9%), were also higher in children belonging to families of WFG's. Additionally, under nutrition in children was found to increase sharply between 6-24 months. Despite receiving high school education, all SHG women were found to have limited knowledge of maternal care and child feeding practices. The nutrition of WFG women was possibly further adversely affected due to high work load, time constraints for self-and childcare, and use of food produced solely for economic betterment. Conclusion: SHG women involved in economic activities present an opportunity for reaching disadvantaged women through interventions for adoption of better infant, young child and maternal health care and feeding practices. Preventive measures need to specifically target SHG families with a pregnant woman or children under 24 months. Strategies for reducing physical drudgery and ensuring quality time is available for appropriate child and family feeding practices is essential, especially for women involved in homestead activities.
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1980
Nutritional status of vitamin B6 was investigated in 20 non-pregnant and 60 pregnant women (in th... more Nutritional status of vitamin B6 was investigated in 20 non-pregnant and 60 pregnant women (in the second trimester, third trimester and early postpartum) by determining the erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (EGPT) index. An EGPT index of greater than 1.15 indicative of vitamin B6 deficiency was noted in 30.0% non-pregnant subjects and in 50.0, 53.1 and 44.4% of pregnant subjects in second trimester, third trimester and postpartum periods, respectively. The deficiency developed at any of the three stages of pregnancy under study. Follow up of individual cases revealed no progressive deterioration in vitamin B6 nutrition with advancement of pregnancy. EGPT index values showed large individual variation during pregnancy. The mean intake of vitamin B6 was lower than the recommended and only 5.9% of subjects reported consuming greater than or equal to 2.5 mg vitamin B6/day. There was no significant correlation between biochemical parameters and vitamin B6 intake/day or vitamin B...
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1978
Plasma chromium levels in the aged ranged from 0.5--22.1 ng/ml and revealed no relationship with ... more Plasma chromium levels in the aged ranged from 0.5--22.1 ng/ml and revealed no relationship with serum cholesterol or fasting blood glucose levels. Plasma chromium values showed no consistent relationship with age and were not affected by sex.
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1981
Copper status of 109 women, (36 nonpregnant, 17 in the first trimester, 17 in the second trimeste... more Copper status of 109 women, (36 nonpregnant, 17 in the first trimester, 17 in the second trimester of pregnancy and 39 in the postpartum period) and its effect on the outcome of pregnancy was evaluated by a cross-sectional study. The results documented a low intake of copper--1.2 mg-1.5 mg, by the women and a statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between the intake of copper and the intake Calories and protein. Serum copper levels rose with the progress of pregnancy and the increase was statistically significant (P less than 0.005) in the second trimester. Thereafter, a slight decline was noted. No correlation was found between serum copper and serum total proteins, albumin or globulin in either the pregnant or the nonpregnant women. The correlation between the dietary intake of copper and serum copper concentration was also not significant. Birth weight, length and head circumference of the neonate exhibited no correlation with material dietary or serum copper le...
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1977
The nutritional consequences of institutionalisation of the aged are poorly defined apart from ho... more The nutritional consequences of institutionalisation of the aged are poorly defined apart from hospital admissions. Food intake has been measured and correlated with biochemical assessment of B group vitamin function. Results reveal the dietary intake of thiamine and riboflavin were barely adequate while pyridoxine was deficient in 90%. Enzyme function tests revealed deficiencies at cellular level in up to 60% of subjects. In view of the increasing numbers in the ageing population these trends in nutrition require further study.
Maternal & Child Nutrition
Anaemia control programmes in India are hampered by a lack of representative evidence on anaemia ... more Anaemia control programmes in India are hampered by a lack of representative evidence on anaemia prevalence, burden and associated factors for adolescents. The aim of this study was to: (1) describe the national and subnational prevalence, severity and burden of anaemia among Indian adolescents; (2) examine factors associated with anaemia at national and regional levels. Data (n = 14,673 individuals aged 10-19 years) were from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016-2018). CNNS used a multistage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design. Prevalence was estimated using globally comparable age-and sex-specific cutoffs, using survey weights for biomarker sample collection. Burden analysis used prevalence estimates and projected population from 2011 Census data. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse factors (diet, micronutrient deficiencies, haemoglobinopathies, sociodemographic factors, environment) associated with anaemia. Anaemia was present in 40% of girls and 18% of boys, equivalent to 72 million adolescents in 2018, and varied by region (girls 29%-46%; boys 11%-28%) and state (girls 7%-62%; boys 4%-32%). Iron deficiency
This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia among preschool children (35 years) a... more This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia among preschool children (35 years) and its association with malnutrition in rural Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Three out of 18 sub-centers in Nindura block, Barabanki, each with six villages, were randomly selected for this survey and 654 boys and 546 girls were included. Mean hemoglobin level in g/dL among boys and girls was 10.1 (SD: 1.66) and 9.9 (SD: 1.67) (P <0.06) respectively. The proportion of anemic children (Hb <11 g/dL) was 70%. Boys were heavier and taller as compared to girls. Among the 67.3% underweight children the mean hemoglobin level was 9.85 (SD: 1.67) as compared to 10.39 (SD: 1.62) in those without malnutrition (P <0.0001). Likewise, stunted children (87.6%) had statistically significantly lower mean hemoglobin levels than those not stunted. The odds ratio of an underweight and stunted child having moderate to severe anemia was 1.66. While more than half caretakers knew about th...
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1980
Thiamin status of 20 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women was assessed. Of the 60 pregnant wom... more Thiamin status of 20 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women was assessed. Of the 60 pregnant women, only 49 and 25 were examined for the biochemical thiamin status in the 3rd trimester and postpartum period respectively. Thirty per cent of nonpregnant women and 28 to 39 per cent of pregnant mothers (in either the 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, or postpartum phase of pregnancy) had a deficient thiamin status with the thiamin pyrophosphate effect (TPP effect) greater than 20 per cent. None of the pregnant subject were deficient in all the three periods. Follow up of the pregnant subjects in the 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester and postpartum period revealed that the deficiency was not necessarily established in the early pregnancy nor was aggravated with the progress of pregnancy. Thiamine intake was over 2/3 of the recommended in all the pregnant subjects and revealed no significant correlation with the biochemical indices. A history of oral contraceptive usage before conception had no s...
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1979
Routledge eBooks, Aug 29, 2023
Child, Adolescent and Woman Nutrition in India
The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics, Apr 1, 1982
Title: Zinc status of Indian pregnant women of low income group and its effect on outcome of preg... more Title: Zinc status of Indian pregnant women of low income group and its effect on outcome of pregnancy. Author: Mittal, Ritu. : Bhargawa, Usha. : Anand, Sunanda. : Vir, SC Citation: Indian-J-Nutr-Diet. Coimbatore : Sri Avinashilingam Home Science College. April 1982. v. ...
Public Health Open Access
Implications of child undernutrition is not limited to adverse impact on physical growth but on o... more Implications of child undernutrition is not limited to adverse impact on physical growth but on optimum brain growth, mental health and cognitive development. The adverse effects of micronutrient deficiencies in mothers and children are serious with impact on morbidity, mortality, anemia, school performance, overall productivity and national development. Only in the last two decades, studies on the month-wise trend in the prevalence rate of child undernutrition in under five years has drawn attention to the fact that the stunting and underweight rate increases steadily up to 24 months, peaks at about two years of age and then stabilises. Efforts are therefore being directed to the significance of concentrating on implementation of child undernutrition preventive measure in the first 1000 days of life. As per the globally accepted conceptual framework of child malnutrition and the evidence available of effective interventions, emphasis is to ensure universal coverage of selected pack...
Maternal & Child Nutrition
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1979
A Cross-Sectional and Follow-UP study of young women taking oral contraceptive agents (OCA) revea... more A Cross-Sectional and Follow-UP study of young women taking oral contraceptive agents (OCA) revealed no significant adverse effect of OCA Bon riboflavin nutriture. Three of 33 women in the Cross-Sectional study had biochemical evidence of deficiency, while only 1 of the 12 women in the Follow-Up study developed biochemical deficiency after a period of 3 months. The biochemical riboflavin status showed no relationship with the duration of OCA use. Dietary riboflavin intake was adequate in the majority of the subjects and revealed no correlation with activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity.
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1979
Zinc and copper concentration in serum and hair were determined in 12 women before the initiation... more Zinc and copper concentration in serum and hair were determined in 12 women before the initiation of oral contraceptive therapy and after a period of 3 months and 6 months. A significant elevation in serum copper occured after the usage of oral contraceptive for 3 months. The taking of oral contraceptive agent (OCA) for a subsequent 3 month period caused no further significant increase in serum copper concentration. No significant effect of OCA on serum zinc and on hair concentration of these trace elements was noted. Further study is indicated to establish the significance of these on overall metabolism and on clinical consequences.
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Reviews, 2017
Objectives: The overall aim of this study was to assess the nutritional situation of self-help gr... more Objectives: The overall aim of this study was to assess the nutritional situation of self-help group (SHG) women and children involved in microfinance livelihood activities, and to present evidence for interventions required to improve the nutritional status. Methods: A total of 58 rural SHG women-29 from women farmer groups(WFG)and 29 not from women farmer groups (Non-WFG)-residing in the same region with children below 5 years participated in the study. The study assessed their nutritional status using anthropometric measures; coverage of maternal health services including the availability, consumption and knowledge of benefits of iron-folic acid supplements; and infant and child feeding practices. Results: The findings revealed that 44.8% of women involved in WFG's had a low Body Mass Index, compared to 31.0 % of Non-WFG women. The percentage of women with low weight (less than 45 kg) was also much higher for women in farmer groups. Severe stunting and severe under weight (both 17.2% as well as severe wasting (6.9%), were also higher in children belonging to families of WFG's. Additionally, under nutrition in children was found to increase sharply between 6-24 months. Despite receiving high school education, all SHG women were found to have limited knowledge of maternal care and child feeding practices. The nutrition of WFG women was possibly further adversely affected due to high work load, time constraints for self-and childcare, and use of food produced solely for economic betterment. Conclusion: SHG women involved in economic activities present an opportunity for reaching disadvantaged women through interventions for adoption of better infant, young child and maternal health care and feeding practices. Preventive measures need to specifically target SHG families with a pregnant woman or children under 24 months. Strategies for reducing physical drudgery and ensuring quality time is available for appropriate child and family feeding practices is essential, especially for women involved in homestead activities.
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1980
Nutritional status of vitamin B6 was investigated in 20 non-pregnant and 60 pregnant women (in th... more Nutritional status of vitamin B6 was investigated in 20 non-pregnant and 60 pregnant women (in the second trimester, third trimester and early postpartum) by determining the erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (EGPT) index. An EGPT index of greater than 1.15 indicative of vitamin B6 deficiency was noted in 30.0% non-pregnant subjects and in 50.0, 53.1 and 44.4% of pregnant subjects in second trimester, third trimester and postpartum periods, respectively. The deficiency developed at any of the three stages of pregnancy under study. Follow up of individual cases revealed no progressive deterioration in vitamin B6 nutrition with advancement of pregnancy. EGPT index values showed large individual variation during pregnancy. The mean intake of vitamin B6 was lower than the recommended and only 5.9% of subjects reported consuming greater than or equal to 2.5 mg vitamin B6/day. There was no significant correlation between biochemical parameters and vitamin B6 intake/day or vitamin B...
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1978
Plasma chromium levels in the aged ranged from 0.5--22.1 ng/ml and revealed no relationship with ... more Plasma chromium levels in the aged ranged from 0.5--22.1 ng/ml and revealed no relationship with serum cholesterol or fasting blood glucose levels. Plasma chromium values showed no consistent relationship with age and were not affected by sex.
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1981
Copper status of 109 women, (36 nonpregnant, 17 in the first trimester, 17 in the second trimeste... more Copper status of 109 women, (36 nonpregnant, 17 in the first trimester, 17 in the second trimester of pregnancy and 39 in the postpartum period) and its effect on the outcome of pregnancy was evaluated by a cross-sectional study. The results documented a low intake of copper--1.2 mg-1.5 mg, by the women and a statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between the intake of copper and the intake Calories and protein. Serum copper levels rose with the progress of pregnancy and the increase was statistically significant (P less than 0.005) in the second trimester. Thereafter, a slight decline was noted. No correlation was found between serum copper and serum total proteins, albumin or globulin in either the pregnant or the nonpregnant women. The correlation between the dietary intake of copper and serum copper concentration was also not significant. Birth weight, length and head circumference of the neonate exhibited no correlation with material dietary or serum copper le...
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1977
The nutritional consequences of institutionalisation of the aged are poorly defined apart from ho... more The nutritional consequences of institutionalisation of the aged are poorly defined apart from hospital admissions. Food intake has been measured and correlated with biochemical assessment of B group vitamin function. Results reveal the dietary intake of thiamine and riboflavin were barely adequate while pyridoxine was deficient in 90%. Enzyme function tests revealed deficiencies at cellular level in up to 60% of subjects. In view of the increasing numbers in the ageing population these trends in nutrition require further study.
Maternal & Child Nutrition
Anaemia control programmes in India are hampered by a lack of representative evidence on anaemia ... more Anaemia control programmes in India are hampered by a lack of representative evidence on anaemia prevalence, burden and associated factors for adolescents. The aim of this study was to: (1) describe the national and subnational prevalence, severity and burden of anaemia among Indian adolescents; (2) examine factors associated with anaemia at national and regional levels. Data (n = 14,673 individuals aged 10-19 years) were from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016-2018). CNNS used a multistage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design. Prevalence was estimated using globally comparable age-and sex-specific cutoffs, using survey weights for biomarker sample collection. Burden analysis used prevalence estimates and projected population from 2011 Census data. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse factors (diet, micronutrient deficiencies, haemoglobinopathies, sociodemographic factors, environment) associated with anaemia. Anaemia was present in 40% of girls and 18% of boys, equivalent to 72 million adolescents in 2018, and varied by region (girls 29%-46%; boys 11%-28%) and state (girls 7%-62%; boys 4%-32%). Iron deficiency
This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia among preschool children (35 years) a... more This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia among preschool children (35 years) and its association with malnutrition in rural Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Three out of 18 sub-centers in Nindura block, Barabanki, each with six villages, were randomly selected for this survey and 654 boys and 546 girls were included. Mean hemoglobin level in g/dL among boys and girls was 10.1 (SD: 1.66) and 9.9 (SD: 1.67) (P <0.06) respectively. The proportion of anemic children (Hb <11 g/dL) was 70%. Boys were heavier and taller as compared to girls. Among the 67.3% underweight children the mean hemoglobin level was 9.85 (SD: 1.67) as compared to 10.39 (SD: 1.62) in those without malnutrition (P <0.0001). Likewise, stunted children (87.6%) had statistically significantly lower mean hemoglobin levels than those not stunted. The odds ratio of an underweight and stunted child having moderate to severe anemia was 1.66. While more than half caretakers knew about th...
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1980
Thiamin status of 20 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women was assessed. Of the 60 pregnant wom... more Thiamin status of 20 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women was assessed. Of the 60 pregnant women, only 49 and 25 were examined for the biochemical thiamin status in the 3rd trimester and postpartum period respectively. Thirty per cent of nonpregnant women and 28 to 39 per cent of pregnant mothers (in either the 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, or postpartum phase of pregnancy) had a deficient thiamin status with the thiamin pyrophosphate effect (TPP effect) greater than 20 per cent. None of the pregnant subject were deficient in all the three periods. Follow up of the pregnant subjects in the 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester and postpartum period revealed that the deficiency was not necessarily established in the early pregnancy nor was aggravated with the progress of pregnancy. Thiamine intake was over 2/3 of the recommended in all the pregnant subjects and revealed no significant correlation with the biochemical indices. A history of oral contraceptive usage before conception had no s...
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1979