Shivan Amin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Shivan Amin
Discovery medicine, 2013
Historically patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma have been subjected to large surgical re... more Historically patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma have been subjected to large surgical resections for the treatment of their disease. However, with the development of vismodegib, a first in class molecule that acts to inhibit the hedgehog pathway, patients with advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma may have renewed hope in limiting the morbidity involved with surgery. Preliminary data shows a relatively good safety profile and promising results, although further research remains to be conducted. Current progress on utilization of vismodegib for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma is reviewed in this article. Only literature with objective clinical evidence was included in this review.
Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America, 2011
This article examines the application of 3D fusion of postoperative anatomy superimposed upon pre... more This article examines the application of 3D fusion of postoperative anatomy superimposed upon preoperative anatomy to evaluate the changes in soft tissues relative to fixed bony structures. The value of 3D analysis is to predict and quantitatively measure the soft tissue changes associated with skeletal orthognathic surgery. An example is shown of changes in the upper lip that occur after Le Fort I osteotomy, illustrating how these soft tissue changes can be measures with the 3D software. Uses and future applications of this technology are described.
Cornea, 2007
To determine whether RNA interference (RNAi) could block hypoxia-induced upregulation of vascular... more To determine whether RNA interference (RNAi) could block hypoxia-induced upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human corneal epithelial cells in vitro and inhibit and regress injury-induced murine corneal neovascularization in vivo. siRNA selected on the basis of target sequence homology between mouse and human VEGF was placed into expression cassettes and transfected into human corneal epithelial cells. Hypoxia-induced VEGF synthesis was assayed. Also, the effect of a plasmid capable of directing the expression of an siRNA against VEGF when injected into mouse corneas 8 hours before alkali-mechanical trauma was studied. Leukocyte count, VEGF protein levels, and degree of neovascularization in corneas were compared with that of a control siRNA plasmid. Plasmids were injected 1 week after injury to assess the ability of RNAi to regress corneal neovascularization. Hypoxia-induced VEGF mRNA synthesis and protein secretion by human corneal epithelial cells was eff...
The Laryngoscope, 2010
Objectives/Hypothesis: To demonstrate the efficacy of the hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 in ... more Objectives/Hypothesis: To demonstrate the efficacy of the hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 in the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2003
Nearly 50% of American women will be older than 45 years by the year 2015. Because the life expec... more Nearly 50% of American women will be older than 45 years by the year 2015. Because the life expectancy of women is anticipated to extend to an average age of 81 years by 2050, the aging woman will become the predominant patient seeking health care. These statistics reveal the importance for health care providers to become familiar with the health care needs of this segment of the population. Over their life span, women are more likely to experience disease and disability and subsequently require intervention and treatment. This review is an evaluation of the older woman in the primary care setting. In the first section, which is an overall assessment of the older woman, we introduce common geriatric syndromes that should be recognized by health care professionals. We include an approach to the older woman and specific clinical tools that may be useful for comprehensive evaluation in the outpatient setting. In the second section, we discuss sex-specific illnesses as they relate to the older woman. In the third section, we provide insights on end-of-life issues, cultural competence, and socioeconomic concerns. In the last section, we summarize the key components in the evaluation ACS = American Cancer Society; ADL = activity of daily living; AHA-ACC = American Heart Association-American College of Cardiology; BMD = bone mineral density; BMI = body mass index; CA-125 = cancer antigen 125; CBE = clinical breast examination; CHD = coronary heart disease; CI = confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; ET = estrogen therapy; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; HDL = highdensity lipoprotein; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; HPV = human papillomavirus; HT = hormone therapy; IADL = instrumental activity of daily living; LDL = lowdensity lipoprotein; MI = myocardial infarction; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; MORE = Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation; TVU = transvaginal ultrasonography; USPSTF = US Preventive Services Task Force; VIN = vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia; WHI = Women's Health Initiative; WHIMS = WHI Memory Study
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2003
... Importance of Assessing Musculoskeletal Disease in Older Women–Reply–I. Lorraine A. Fitzpatri... more ... Importance of Assessing Musculoskeletal Disease in Older Women–Reply–I. Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, MD,; Carol L. Kuhle, DO and; Shilpa H. Amin, MD. Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minn. Footnotes. © 2003 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. References. ...
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2003
1. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Oct;78(10):1312. Old age in America. Amin SH. Comment on Mayo Clin Proc. ... more 1. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Oct;78(10):1312. Old age in America. Amin SH. Comment on Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Jul;78(7):893-5. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Jul;78(7):914-21. PMID: 14531490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Publication Types: Comment; Letter. MeSH Terms. ...
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2004
Connexins are integral membrane proteins forming aqueous gap junction channels that allow the dif... more Connexins are integral membrane proteins forming aqueous gap junction channels that allow the diffusional exchange of ions and small metabolites between cells, thus coordinating metabolic activities in multicellular tissues. Dominant mutations in the Cx26 gene GJB2 have been shown to cause keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome, palmoplantar keratoderma associated with hearing loss, and Vohwinkel syndrome. Missense mutations in the closely related Cx30 gene GJB6 underlie Clouston syndrome (autosomal dominant hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia). We report a 6-y-old boy with phenotypic characteristics of KID syndrome as well as atrichia. In contrast to other KID syndrome patients, molecular analysis of the connexin gene GJB2 did not disclose a pathogenic mutation, although the patient was homozygous for a common polymorphism (V27I) in the coding sequence of Cx26. Nevertheless, screening of GJB6 revealed a heterozygous missense mutation (V37E) predicted to alter sequence and charge of the first transmembrane helix of Cx30, which was previously implicated in Clouston syndrome . The presence of a pathogenic Cx30 mutation and the lack of a pathologic molecular change in Cx26 in this patient, whose clinical features predominantly resemble KID syndrome, suggest genetic heterogeneity of KID syndrome and underscore that mutations in Cx30, similar to those in Cx26 or Cx31, can cause different phenotypes. Based on our results, connexin gene mutations should be considered in patients presenting with congenital sensorineural hearing loss and disorders of cornification, and screening of several connexin genes with known cutaneous phenotype, such as those for Cx26, Cx30, Cx30.3, and Cx31, may be required.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2001
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1992
Introduction : Unilateral vocal cord paralysis is a result of dysfunction of the recurrent laryng... more Introduction : Unilateral vocal cord paralysis is a result of dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal or vagus nerve. This produces a characteristically breathy voice. Another associated problem is aspiration which may be aggravated by additional superior laryngeal nerve ...
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2005
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2006
To determine whether Flt24K, a recombinant construct of domains 2 to 4 of VEGFR-1 (Flt) coupled w... more To determine whether Flt24K, a recombinant construct of domains 2 to 4 of VEGFR-1 (Flt) coupled with an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (KDEL) can bind VEGFR-2 and induce apoptosis, unfolded protein response (UPR), and regression of injury-induced corneal neovascularization. Human microvascular endothelial cells were transfected with pCMV.Flt24K and subjected to hypoxia. Cell lysates underwent Western blot analysis with anti-XBP-1 antibody and RT-PCR for CHOP. Human malignant melanoma cells (which express VEGFR-2 but not Flt), were transfected with pCMV.Flt24K, and lysates underwent immunoprecipitation with anti-FLT antibody, and Western blot analysis for VEGF and VEGFR-2. Mouse corneas sustained injury induced by topical NaOH and mechanical scraping and were injected with pCMV.Flt24K 2 weeks later. Corneas were harvested 2 days later for Western blot analysis for XBP-1 and caspase-3 or 1 week later for quantification of neovascularization and TUNEL staining. Saline and empty pCMV vector were used in control experiments. The mean percentage area of corneal neovascularization in mice 3 weeks after corneal injury and 1 week after intrastromal injection of empty pCMV vector or pCMV.Flt24K was 55.4% +/- 2.7% vs. 19.3% +/- 6.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Flt24K was found to bind VEGFR-2 and upregulate activated XBP-1 and CHOP in vitro. In vivo, pCMV.Flt24K upregulated activated XBP-1 and caspase-3. Apoptosis was observed in corneal neovascular endothelium in corneas treated with pCMV.Flt24K but not in the control. The Flt24K intraceptor can bind VEGFR-2 within cells, induce the unfolded protein response in vitro and in vivo, elicit apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in vivo, and induce regression of corneal neovascularization in vivo.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2007
To determine whether long-term expression of intraceptors can be achieved using plasmid albumin n... more To determine whether long-term expression of intraceptors can be achieved using plasmid albumin nanoparticles and whether nanoparticles can inhibit and cause regression of murine corneal neovascularization induced by mechanicalchemical trauma. METHODS. Albumin nanoparticles encapsulating pCMV.Flt23K were developed as a lyophilized product that is easily redispersed in an aqueous medium. Nanoparticles were injected into the corneas of uninjured BALB/c mice and observed for toxicity for 3 weeks. Entry of nanoparticles into corneal cells was demonstrated through transmission electron microscopy and confocal imaging. Naked pCMV.Flt23K, nanoparticles encapsulating pCMV.Flt23K, or empty pCMV nanoparticles were injected into uninjured mouse corneas. These corneas were subjected to mechanical alkali trauma 3 weeks after injection. RESULTS. Nanoparticles were nontoxic to the cornea and entered into corneal keratocyte cytoplasm. They persisted for at least 4 weeks in the cornea, expressed effective intraceptor levels for at least 5 weeks, and reduced corneal neovascularization by approximately 40% (P ϭ 0.035) at 5 weeks after administration. CONCLUSIONS. Albumin nanoparticles are not toxic to the cornea and can express intraceptors for extended periods that are effective in suppressing injury-induced corneal neovascularization. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.
Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 2011
We report a rare and severe nasal presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome in a 41-year-old man ... more We report a rare and severe nasal presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome in a 41-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage renal disease. His nasal signs included total septal necrosis, along with external nasal swelling and erythema. Prior to the correct diagnosis, multiple medical and surgical treatments were attempted without success. After initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin and anticoagulation therapy, his nasal symptoms promptly resolved. The nasal complication of antiphospholipid syndrome is a relatively unknown and rare finding with limited discussion in the otolaryngology literature.
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2014
Defects of the nasal dorsum have historically been repaired based on size and with respect to sub... more Defects of the nasal dorsum have historically been repaired based on size and with respect to subunit principle. This case series provides a previously undescribed option for correcting defects of the nasal dorsum 1.5-2.5 cm in size. The foremost advantages of this technique are preservation of nasal subunit integrity and the integration of subtle nasal tip rotation. We present a case series involving five consecutive patients aged 49-74 after Mohs excision for malignancies of the nasal dorsum. Defects were corrected using the aesthetic modification to the Rintala flap over a 10-year period by two primary surgeons. The aesthetic modification to the Rintala flap should be considered as a reconstruction option for patients with defects of the nasal dorsum between 1.5 and 2.5 cm in size, especially for those patients desiring rotation of the nasal tip. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
The Laryngoscope, 2011
To review the histopathology, presentation, and clinical course of a rare case of lymphoepithelia... more To review the histopathology, presentation, and clinical course of a rare case of lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the parotid gland.
Discovery medicine, 2013
Historically patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma have been subjected to large surgical re... more Historically patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma have been subjected to large surgical resections for the treatment of their disease. However, with the development of vismodegib, a first in class molecule that acts to inhibit the hedgehog pathway, patients with advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma may have renewed hope in limiting the morbidity involved with surgery. Preliminary data shows a relatively good safety profile and promising results, although further research remains to be conducted. Current progress on utilization of vismodegib for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma is reviewed in this article. Only literature with objective clinical evidence was included in this review.
Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America, 2011
This article examines the application of 3D fusion of postoperative anatomy superimposed upon pre... more This article examines the application of 3D fusion of postoperative anatomy superimposed upon preoperative anatomy to evaluate the changes in soft tissues relative to fixed bony structures. The value of 3D analysis is to predict and quantitatively measure the soft tissue changes associated with skeletal orthognathic surgery. An example is shown of changes in the upper lip that occur after Le Fort I osteotomy, illustrating how these soft tissue changes can be measures with the 3D software. Uses and future applications of this technology are described.
Cornea, 2007
To determine whether RNA interference (RNAi) could block hypoxia-induced upregulation of vascular... more To determine whether RNA interference (RNAi) could block hypoxia-induced upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human corneal epithelial cells in vitro and inhibit and regress injury-induced murine corneal neovascularization in vivo. siRNA selected on the basis of target sequence homology between mouse and human VEGF was placed into expression cassettes and transfected into human corneal epithelial cells. Hypoxia-induced VEGF synthesis was assayed. Also, the effect of a plasmid capable of directing the expression of an siRNA against VEGF when injected into mouse corneas 8 hours before alkali-mechanical trauma was studied. Leukocyte count, VEGF protein levels, and degree of neovascularization in corneas were compared with that of a control siRNA plasmid. Plasmids were injected 1 week after injury to assess the ability of RNAi to regress corneal neovascularization. Hypoxia-induced VEGF mRNA synthesis and protein secretion by human corneal epithelial cells was eff...
The Laryngoscope, 2010
Objectives/Hypothesis: To demonstrate the efficacy of the hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 in ... more Objectives/Hypothesis: To demonstrate the efficacy of the hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 in the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2003
Nearly 50% of American women will be older than 45 years by the year 2015. Because the life expec... more Nearly 50% of American women will be older than 45 years by the year 2015. Because the life expectancy of women is anticipated to extend to an average age of 81 years by 2050, the aging woman will become the predominant patient seeking health care. These statistics reveal the importance for health care providers to become familiar with the health care needs of this segment of the population. Over their life span, women are more likely to experience disease and disability and subsequently require intervention and treatment. This review is an evaluation of the older woman in the primary care setting. In the first section, which is an overall assessment of the older woman, we introduce common geriatric syndromes that should be recognized by health care professionals. We include an approach to the older woman and specific clinical tools that may be useful for comprehensive evaluation in the outpatient setting. In the second section, we discuss sex-specific illnesses as they relate to the older woman. In the third section, we provide insights on end-of-life issues, cultural competence, and socioeconomic concerns. In the last section, we summarize the key components in the evaluation ACS = American Cancer Society; ADL = activity of daily living; AHA-ACC = American Heart Association-American College of Cardiology; BMD = bone mineral density; BMI = body mass index; CA-125 = cancer antigen 125; CBE = clinical breast examination; CHD = coronary heart disease; CI = confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; ET = estrogen therapy; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; HDL = highdensity lipoprotein; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; HPV = human papillomavirus; HT = hormone therapy; IADL = instrumental activity of daily living; LDL = lowdensity lipoprotein; MI = myocardial infarction; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; MORE = Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation; TVU = transvaginal ultrasonography; USPSTF = US Preventive Services Task Force; VIN = vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia; WHI = Women's Health Initiative; WHIMS = WHI Memory Study
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2003
... Importance of Assessing Musculoskeletal Disease in Older Women–Reply–I. Lorraine A. Fitzpatri... more ... Importance of Assessing Musculoskeletal Disease in Older Women–Reply–I. Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, MD,; Carol L. Kuhle, DO and; Shilpa H. Amin, MD. Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minn. Footnotes. © 2003 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. References. ...
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2003
1. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Oct;78(10):1312. Old age in America. Amin SH. Comment on Mayo Clin Proc. ... more 1. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Oct;78(10):1312. Old age in America. Amin SH. Comment on Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Jul;78(7):893-5. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Jul;78(7):914-21. PMID: 14531490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Publication Types: Comment; Letter. MeSH Terms. ...
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2004
Connexins are integral membrane proteins forming aqueous gap junction channels that allow the dif... more Connexins are integral membrane proteins forming aqueous gap junction channels that allow the diffusional exchange of ions and small metabolites between cells, thus coordinating metabolic activities in multicellular tissues. Dominant mutations in the Cx26 gene GJB2 have been shown to cause keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome, palmoplantar keratoderma associated with hearing loss, and Vohwinkel syndrome. Missense mutations in the closely related Cx30 gene GJB6 underlie Clouston syndrome (autosomal dominant hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia). We report a 6-y-old boy with phenotypic characteristics of KID syndrome as well as atrichia. In contrast to other KID syndrome patients, molecular analysis of the connexin gene GJB2 did not disclose a pathogenic mutation, although the patient was homozygous for a common polymorphism (V27I) in the coding sequence of Cx26. Nevertheless, screening of GJB6 revealed a heterozygous missense mutation (V37E) predicted to alter sequence and charge of the first transmembrane helix of Cx30, which was previously implicated in Clouston syndrome . The presence of a pathogenic Cx30 mutation and the lack of a pathologic molecular change in Cx26 in this patient, whose clinical features predominantly resemble KID syndrome, suggest genetic heterogeneity of KID syndrome and underscore that mutations in Cx30, similar to those in Cx26 or Cx31, can cause different phenotypes. Based on our results, connexin gene mutations should be considered in patients presenting with congenital sensorineural hearing loss and disorders of cornification, and screening of several connexin genes with known cutaneous phenotype, such as those for Cx26, Cx30, Cx30.3, and Cx31, may be required.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2001
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1992
Introduction : Unilateral vocal cord paralysis is a result of dysfunction of the recurrent laryng... more Introduction : Unilateral vocal cord paralysis is a result of dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal or vagus nerve. This produces a characteristically breathy voice. Another associated problem is aspiration which may be aggravated by additional superior laryngeal nerve ...
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2005
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2006
To determine whether Flt24K, a recombinant construct of domains 2 to 4 of VEGFR-1 (Flt) coupled w... more To determine whether Flt24K, a recombinant construct of domains 2 to 4 of VEGFR-1 (Flt) coupled with an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (KDEL) can bind VEGFR-2 and induce apoptosis, unfolded protein response (UPR), and regression of injury-induced corneal neovascularization. Human microvascular endothelial cells were transfected with pCMV.Flt24K and subjected to hypoxia. Cell lysates underwent Western blot analysis with anti-XBP-1 antibody and RT-PCR for CHOP. Human malignant melanoma cells (which express VEGFR-2 but not Flt), were transfected with pCMV.Flt24K, and lysates underwent immunoprecipitation with anti-FLT antibody, and Western blot analysis for VEGF and VEGFR-2. Mouse corneas sustained injury induced by topical NaOH and mechanical scraping and were injected with pCMV.Flt24K 2 weeks later. Corneas were harvested 2 days later for Western blot analysis for XBP-1 and caspase-3 or 1 week later for quantification of neovascularization and TUNEL staining. Saline and empty pCMV vector were used in control experiments. The mean percentage area of corneal neovascularization in mice 3 weeks after corneal injury and 1 week after intrastromal injection of empty pCMV vector or pCMV.Flt24K was 55.4% +/- 2.7% vs. 19.3% +/- 6.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Flt24K was found to bind VEGFR-2 and upregulate activated XBP-1 and CHOP in vitro. In vivo, pCMV.Flt24K upregulated activated XBP-1 and caspase-3. Apoptosis was observed in corneal neovascular endothelium in corneas treated with pCMV.Flt24K but not in the control. The Flt24K intraceptor can bind VEGFR-2 within cells, induce the unfolded protein response in vitro and in vivo, elicit apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in vivo, and induce regression of corneal neovascularization in vivo.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2007
To determine whether long-term expression of intraceptors can be achieved using plasmid albumin n... more To determine whether long-term expression of intraceptors can be achieved using plasmid albumin nanoparticles and whether nanoparticles can inhibit and cause regression of murine corneal neovascularization induced by mechanicalchemical trauma. METHODS. Albumin nanoparticles encapsulating pCMV.Flt23K were developed as a lyophilized product that is easily redispersed in an aqueous medium. Nanoparticles were injected into the corneas of uninjured BALB/c mice and observed for toxicity for 3 weeks. Entry of nanoparticles into corneal cells was demonstrated through transmission electron microscopy and confocal imaging. Naked pCMV.Flt23K, nanoparticles encapsulating pCMV.Flt23K, or empty pCMV nanoparticles were injected into uninjured mouse corneas. These corneas were subjected to mechanical alkali trauma 3 weeks after injection. RESULTS. Nanoparticles were nontoxic to the cornea and entered into corneal keratocyte cytoplasm. They persisted for at least 4 weeks in the cornea, expressed effective intraceptor levels for at least 5 weeks, and reduced corneal neovascularization by approximately 40% (P ϭ 0.035) at 5 weeks after administration. CONCLUSIONS. Albumin nanoparticles are not toxic to the cornea and can express intraceptors for extended periods that are effective in suppressing injury-induced corneal neovascularization. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.
Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 2011
We report a rare and severe nasal presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome in a 41-year-old man ... more We report a rare and severe nasal presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome in a 41-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage renal disease. His nasal signs included total septal necrosis, along with external nasal swelling and erythema. Prior to the correct diagnosis, multiple medical and surgical treatments were attempted without success. After initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin and anticoagulation therapy, his nasal symptoms promptly resolved. The nasal complication of antiphospholipid syndrome is a relatively unknown and rare finding with limited discussion in the otolaryngology literature.
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2014
Defects of the nasal dorsum have historically been repaired based on size and with respect to sub... more Defects of the nasal dorsum have historically been repaired based on size and with respect to subunit principle. This case series provides a previously undescribed option for correcting defects of the nasal dorsum 1.5-2.5 cm in size. The foremost advantages of this technique are preservation of nasal subunit integrity and the integration of subtle nasal tip rotation. We present a case series involving five consecutive patients aged 49-74 after Mohs excision for malignancies of the nasal dorsum. Defects were corrected using the aesthetic modification to the Rintala flap over a 10-year period by two primary surgeons. The aesthetic modification to the Rintala flap should be considered as a reconstruction option for patients with defects of the nasal dorsum between 1.5 and 2.5 cm in size, especially for those patients desiring rotation of the nasal tip. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
The Laryngoscope, 2011
To review the histopathology, presentation, and clinical course of a rare case of lymphoepithelia... more To review the histopathology, presentation, and clinical course of a rare case of lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the parotid gland.