Shlomo Shpiro - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shlomo Shpiro

The Journal of Intelligence History, Dec 1, 2006

The Journal of Intelligence History, Jun 1, 2001

the interaction between intelligence and the media; Wilhelm Stieber, Spion des Kanzlers (Stuttgar... more the interaction between intelligence and the media; Wilhelm Stieber, Spion des Kanzlers (Stuttgart: Seewald Verlag, 1978), 119. 2 Despite a wide body of literature on intelligence, there is little analysis of its interaction with the media. Interesting analysis is offered in P. Holt, ”The Media” (chapter 8), in Secret Intelligence and Public Policy (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 1995), 171-88. 3 For an analysis of the Eastern Question see Peter Hopkirk, Östlich von Konstantinopel (Vienna: Europa Verlag, 1996).

CNRS Éditions eBooks, Oct 5, 2016

« Où est l’avenir de l’Allemagne ? Il est à l’Est – en Turquie, en Mésopotamie, en Syrie... »Paul... more « Où est l’avenir de l’Allemagne ? Il est à l’Est – en Turquie, en Mésopotamie, en Syrie... »Paul Rohrbach, penseur politique influent allemand de la fin du xixe siècle Introduction L’interaction entre les médias publics et les services de renseignement est souvent fondée sur le conflit et la coopération. D’une part, il existe un conflit entre les médias, qui désirent rendre publiques des informations secrètes, élément de leur responsabilité à l’égard de leur lectorat, et les services de rens..

The German political foundations have been active in Israel since the 1960s. Only two decades aft... more The German political foundations have been active in Israel since the 1960s. Only two decades after the end of the Second World War and the Holocaust, German political decision-makers found it expedient, indeed necessary, to extend nascent and emotionally laden German-Israeli relations into the fields of political education by incorporating Israel into the global work of their main political foundations. The resulting five decades of cooperation have been very successful for both sides. From a small start at tiny offices in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, the activities of these foundations has evolved into a wide range of cooperation programmes, events and partnerships. The foundations gained much respect and appreciation for their activities, traits not to be taken for granted in the Israel of the 1970s and 1980s, where anti-German sentiments were still quite strong. They also played an important role in bringing together politicians and economic decision-makers from both countries. Later, their work extended to issues relating to relations between Israel and the European Union. Today, the activities of the German political foundations play an important role in German-Israeli relations and in the development of democracy education in Israel and neighbouring countries. Rather than adding to the wide overview of the activities of the German political foundations in Israel, this chapter aims to bring a narrower, personal point of view from an Israeli perspective. Having had close interaction with German

German Politics, Aug 1, 2000

Over the winter of 1997–98 Germany was rocked by a series of investigative media reports over rig... more Over the winter of 1997–98 Germany was rocked by a series of investigative media reports over right‐wing extremist incidents within its armed forces, painting a disturbing picture of racist violence and neo‐Nazi sympathies in the Bundeswehr. In response to the media reports and the ensuing public outcry, the Bundestag instituted a Committee of Investigation over political extremism in the Bundeswehr. The Committee concluded that, despite the severity of the some of the incidents investigated, most were initiated by extremist individuals who sought to use their military service to further their political goals, but it found no evidence of widespread right‐wing trends within the ranks. This affair proved the value of Germany's wide media freedoms as an inherent element in the stability of the German democracy and enhanced the ‘public watchdog’ function of the German media.

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Sep 11, 2020

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Oct 1, 2001

Interaction between the open media and secret intelligence has often been based both on con£ict a... more Interaction between the open media and secret intelligence has often been based both on con£ict and on cooperation. An inherent con£ict exists between the open media, that wish to publish security-related information as part of their responsibility toward their audience, and intelligence services, which work on the basis of secrecy and often attempt to prevent the publication of information on their activities and sources. Yet both the media and intelligence services require information for their basic functions, and often discover that cooperation can provide important knowledge without harming their security interests or operational capabilities. Quite often, information on intelligence published by the media comes from leaks, disaffected employees, or even pure speculation. At other times, intelligence services knowingly provide the media with secret information for publication, as part of their media strategy.

German Politics, Apr 1, 2002

Page 1. Intelligence Services and Foreign Policy: German–Israeli Intelligence and Military Co-ope... more Page 1. Intelligence Services and Foreign Policy: German–Israeli Intelligence and Military Co-operation SHLOMO SHPIRO German–Israeli relations were often characterised as a one-way street, with emphasis on Germany's ...

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Aug 25, 2022

Intelligence and national security, Dec 23, 2014

In June 1967, the Soviet Union abruptly cut off diplomatic relations with Israel and withdrew its... more In June 1967, the Soviet Union abruptly cut off diplomatic relations with Israel and withdrew its embassy staff from Tel-Aviv, including its large KGB Rezidentura. To develop new sources of intelligence in Israel, the KGB recruited under duress hundreds of Russian Jews to spy in Israel in return for allowing their families to leave the Soviet Union. Most of these ‘recruits’ abandoned their task once they reached Israel, leaving Soviet intelligence with only a small number of agents in Israel who were handled by KGB illegal case officers working out of Russian churches. These agents were able to make careers in Israel and obtain some access to confidential military information, but generally failed to reach Israel's inner circle of political and military decision makers. This inner circle was only breached in 1983 by the treachery of a highly placed former Mossad officer who offered his services to the Soviets and became the KGB's best source for secret information deep inside the Israeli government.

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Dec 10, 2008

... Mossad Head Meir Amit, in a letter to Prime Minister Levy Eshkol, summing up the role of the ... more ... Mossad Head Meir Amit, in a letter to Prime Minister Levy Eshkol, summing up the role of the Mossad in the killing of Ben Barka. ... 43 43. Ibid . View all references. Mossad's Head Amit approved some assistance, but ruled out any direct involvement in Ben Barka's killing. ...

Terrorism and Political Violence, Sep 1, 2013

The Lehi, a fringe Jewish paramilitary group created in 1940, conducted a concerted terrorist cam... more The Lehi, a fringe Jewish paramilitary group created in 1940, conducted a concerted terrorist campaign against the British authorities in Palestine during and after World War II, proclaiming that its activities were undertaken in the name of national liberation. Lehi was founded and led by Avraham Stern, also known as “Yair.” Scholar, intellectual, and poet, Stern developed a fundamental ideology of national and messianic Jewish terrorism, which became the ideological basis not only for the work of the Lehi, but also for later Jewish terrorist activism. The present article examines the intellectual foundations of Lehi terrorism and how its intellectual and ideological principles influenced Lehi's most controversial activities—internal terrorism and the execution of its own members. In conclusion, the author traces the impact of Stern's intellectual legacy on later generations of Jewish terrorists.

The Journal of Intelligence History, Jun 1, 2004

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Dec 1, 2004

... Alpha collapsed in 1955, and the Czech arms deal, signed the same year between Egypt and the ... more ... Alpha collapsed in 1955, and the Czech arms deal, signed the same year between Egypt and the Soviet Union, threatened to upset ... 1993. ... to be his successor, a channel of communication with Salameh served both to enhance the CIA's primary intelligence collecting function ...

Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Dec 1, 2006

In its quest for security and under constant threats, the Israeli state has assigned wide-ranging... more In its quest for security and under constant threats, the Israeli state has assigned wide-ranging powers to its intelligence services. These powers include deep incursions into individual liberties and privacy, powers of detention and interrogation, as well as involvement in assassinations. To ensure that those powers are only used legally and against real threats, a system of legal controls and parliamentary oversight over the intelligence community has developed incrementally. The article examines the development of intelligence oversight in Israel and analyses its performance and limits. The article begins by examining historical milestones in the development of intelligence oversight, including the Tubianski affair, official assassinations and ‘Committee-X’, and the ‘Bus 300’ affair. It then analyses the 2002 General Security Service Law and the work of the Intelligence Community Disciplinary Court and the Knesset Intelligence Sub-committee. The roles of Commissions of Inquiry and of the State Comptroller are discussed against the background of various intelligence failures and scandals. The article concludes with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of intelligence oversight in Israel.

Security Science Journal, Apr 5, 2023

National security and the future

The Russian military invasion of Ukraine, in February 2022, presents the greatest challenge to Eu... more The Russian military invasion of Ukraine, in February 2022, presents the greatest challenge to European security since the end of the Cold War. Russia’s intentions towards Ukraine became clear since the Russian annexation of part of Ukraine, especially the Crimea. Yet most policymakers in the West, and indeed intelligence analyst, were caught by surprise as Russian paratroopers jumped over Kiev’s military airfields. In the weeks coming up to the Russian invasion, many experts argue that Russia will not invade Ukraine, for a variety of political, economic and moral reasons.

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence

The Journal of Intelligence History, Dec 1, 2006

The Journal of Intelligence History, Jun 1, 2001

the interaction between intelligence and the media; Wilhelm Stieber, Spion des Kanzlers (Stuttgar... more the interaction between intelligence and the media; Wilhelm Stieber, Spion des Kanzlers (Stuttgart: Seewald Verlag, 1978), 119. 2 Despite a wide body of literature on intelligence, there is little analysis of its interaction with the media. Interesting analysis is offered in P. Holt, ”The Media” (chapter 8), in Secret Intelligence and Public Policy (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 1995), 171-88. 3 For an analysis of the Eastern Question see Peter Hopkirk, Östlich von Konstantinopel (Vienna: Europa Verlag, 1996).

CNRS Éditions eBooks, Oct 5, 2016

« Où est l’avenir de l’Allemagne ? Il est à l’Est – en Turquie, en Mésopotamie, en Syrie... »Paul... more « Où est l’avenir de l’Allemagne ? Il est à l’Est – en Turquie, en Mésopotamie, en Syrie... »Paul Rohrbach, penseur politique influent allemand de la fin du xixe siècle Introduction L’interaction entre les médias publics et les services de renseignement est souvent fondée sur le conflit et la coopération. D’une part, il existe un conflit entre les médias, qui désirent rendre publiques des informations secrètes, élément de leur responsabilité à l’égard de leur lectorat, et les services de rens..

The German political foundations have been active in Israel since the 1960s. Only two decades aft... more The German political foundations have been active in Israel since the 1960s. Only two decades after the end of the Second World War and the Holocaust, German political decision-makers found it expedient, indeed necessary, to extend nascent and emotionally laden German-Israeli relations into the fields of political education by incorporating Israel into the global work of their main political foundations. The resulting five decades of cooperation have been very successful for both sides. From a small start at tiny offices in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, the activities of these foundations has evolved into a wide range of cooperation programmes, events and partnerships. The foundations gained much respect and appreciation for their activities, traits not to be taken for granted in the Israel of the 1970s and 1980s, where anti-German sentiments were still quite strong. They also played an important role in bringing together politicians and economic decision-makers from both countries. Later, their work extended to issues relating to relations between Israel and the European Union. Today, the activities of the German political foundations play an important role in German-Israeli relations and in the development of democracy education in Israel and neighbouring countries. Rather than adding to the wide overview of the activities of the German political foundations in Israel, this chapter aims to bring a narrower, personal point of view from an Israeli perspective. Having had close interaction with German

German Politics, Aug 1, 2000

Over the winter of 1997–98 Germany was rocked by a series of investigative media reports over rig... more Over the winter of 1997–98 Germany was rocked by a series of investigative media reports over right‐wing extremist incidents within its armed forces, painting a disturbing picture of racist violence and neo‐Nazi sympathies in the Bundeswehr. In response to the media reports and the ensuing public outcry, the Bundestag instituted a Committee of Investigation over political extremism in the Bundeswehr. The Committee concluded that, despite the severity of the some of the incidents investigated, most were initiated by extremist individuals who sought to use their military service to further their political goals, but it found no evidence of widespread right‐wing trends within the ranks. This affair proved the value of Germany's wide media freedoms as an inherent element in the stability of the German democracy and enhanced the ‘public watchdog’ function of the German media.

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Sep 11, 2020

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Oct 1, 2001

Interaction between the open media and secret intelligence has often been based both on con£ict a... more Interaction between the open media and secret intelligence has often been based both on con£ict and on cooperation. An inherent con£ict exists between the open media, that wish to publish security-related information as part of their responsibility toward their audience, and intelligence services, which work on the basis of secrecy and often attempt to prevent the publication of information on their activities and sources. Yet both the media and intelligence services require information for their basic functions, and often discover that cooperation can provide important knowledge without harming their security interests or operational capabilities. Quite often, information on intelligence published by the media comes from leaks, disaffected employees, or even pure speculation. At other times, intelligence services knowingly provide the media with secret information for publication, as part of their media strategy.

German Politics, Apr 1, 2002

Page 1. Intelligence Services and Foreign Policy: German–Israeli Intelligence and Military Co-ope... more Page 1. Intelligence Services and Foreign Policy: German–Israeli Intelligence and Military Co-operation SHLOMO SHPIRO German–Israeli relations were often characterised as a one-way street, with emphasis on Germany's ...

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Aug 25, 2022

Intelligence and national security, Dec 23, 2014

In June 1967, the Soviet Union abruptly cut off diplomatic relations with Israel and withdrew its... more In June 1967, the Soviet Union abruptly cut off diplomatic relations with Israel and withdrew its embassy staff from Tel-Aviv, including its large KGB Rezidentura. To develop new sources of intelligence in Israel, the KGB recruited under duress hundreds of Russian Jews to spy in Israel in return for allowing their families to leave the Soviet Union. Most of these ‘recruits’ abandoned their task once they reached Israel, leaving Soviet intelligence with only a small number of agents in Israel who were handled by KGB illegal case officers working out of Russian churches. These agents were able to make careers in Israel and obtain some access to confidential military information, but generally failed to reach Israel's inner circle of political and military decision makers. This inner circle was only breached in 1983 by the treachery of a highly placed former Mossad officer who offered his services to the Soviets and became the KGB's best source for secret information deep inside the Israeli government.

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Dec 10, 2008

... Mossad Head Meir Amit, in a letter to Prime Minister Levy Eshkol, summing up the role of the ... more ... Mossad Head Meir Amit, in a letter to Prime Minister Levy Eshkol, summing up the role of the Mossad in the killing of Ben Barka. ... 43 43. Ibid . View all references. Mossad's Head Amit approved some assistance, but ruled out any direct involvement in Ben Barka's killing. ...

Terrorism and Political Violence, Sep 1, 2013

The Lehi, a fringe Jewish paramilitary group created in 1940, conducted a concerted terrorist cam... more The Lehi, a fringe Jewish paramilitary group created in 1940, conducted a concerted terrorist campaign against the British authorities in Palestine during and after World War II, proclaiming that its activities were undertaken in the name of national liberation. Lehi was founded and led by Avraham Stern, also known as “Yair.” Scholar, intellectual, and poet, Stern developed a fundamental ideology of national and messianic Jewish terrorism, which became the ideological basis not only for the work of the Lehi, but also for later Jewish terrorist activism. The present article examines the intellectual foundations of Lehi terrorism and how its intellectual and ideological principles influenced Lehi's most controversial activities—internal terrorism and the execution of its own members. In conclusion, the author traces the impact of Stern's intellectual legacy on later generations of Jewish terrorists.

The Journal of Intelligence History, Jun 1, 2004

International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Dec 1, 2004

... Alpha collapsed in 1955, and the Czech arms deal, signed the same year between Egypt and the ... more ... Alpha collapsed in 1955, and the Czech arms deal, signed the same year between Egypt and the Soviet Union, threatened to upset ... 1993. ... to be his successor, a channel of communication with Salameh served both to enhance the CIA's primary intelligence collecting function ...

Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Dec 1, 2006

In its quest for security and under constant threats, the Israeli state has assigned wide-ranging... more In its quest for security and under constant threats, the Israeli state has assigned wide-ranging powers to its intelligence services. These powers include deep incursions into individual liberties and privacy, powers of detention and interrogation, as well as involvement in assassinations. To ensure that those powers are only used legally and against real threats, a system of legal controls and parliamentary oversight over the intelligence community has developed incrementally. The article examines the development of intelligence oversight in Israel and analyses its performance and limits. The article begins by examining historical milestones in the development of intelligence oversight, including the Tubianski affair, official assassinations and ‘Committee-X’, and the ‘Bus 300’ affair. It then analyses the 2002 General Security Service Law and the work of the Intelligence Community Disciplinary Court and the Knesset Intelligence Sub-committee. The roles of Commissions of Inquiry and of the State Comptroller are discussed against the background of various intelligence failures and scandals. The article concludes with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of intelligence oversight in Israel.

Security Science Journal, Apr 5, 2023

National security and the future

The Russian military invasion of Ukraine, in February 2022, presents the greatest challenge to Eu... more The Russian military invasion of Ukraine, in February 2022, presents the greatest challenge to European security since the end of the Cold War. Russia’s intentions towards Ukraine became clear since the Russian annexation of part of Ukraine, especially the Crimea. Yet most policymakers in the West, and indeed intelligence analyst, were caught by surprise as Russian paratroopers jumped over Kiev’s military airfields. In the weeks coming up to the Russian invasion, many experts argue that Russia will not invade Ukraine, for a variety of political, economic and moral reasons.

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence