Sho Nakamura - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sho Nakamura

Nutrients, 2022

Cachexia is one of the most common, related factors of malnutrition in cancer patients. Cancer ca... more Cachexia is one of the most common, related factors of malnutrition in cancer patients. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by persistent loss of skeletal muscle mass and fat mass, resulting in irreversible and progressive functional impairment. The skeletal muscle loss cannot be reversed by conventional nutritional support, and a combination of anti-inflammatory agents and other nutrients is recommended. In this review, we reviewed the effects of nutrients that are expected to combat muscle loss caused by cancer cachexia (eicosapentaenoic acid, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, creatine, and carnitine) to propose nutritional approaches that can be taken at present. Current evidence is based on the intake of nutrients as supplements; however, the long-term and continuous intake of nutrients as food has the potential to be useful for the body. Therefore, in addition to conventional nutritional support, we believe that it is important for the dietitian to work with th...

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2021

Background Identifying a population at risk of risks is imperative for primary disease prevention... more Background Identifying a population at risk of risks is imperative for primary disease prevention and allows the promotion of health maintenance in a healthy population. Previous studies on hypertension and dyslipidemia using data envelopment analysis (DEA) showed that populations at risk of risks could be identified using this method. In this study, we extended DEA to include pre-diabetes. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using specific health check-up data from 2008 to 2013. DEA efficiency scores were calculated for healthy subjects with baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <5.7%. Odds ratios (ORs) for pre-diabetes onset within 3 years were analyzed. Results Among 1,501 subjects, with 373 cases of disease onset (24.9%), the OR for the incidence of pre-diabetes (on the basis of a 0.1-point increase in the efficiency score) was 0.77 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–0.86, p < 0.0002). After adjusting for age and sex, the OR was 0.66 (90% CI 0.58–0.75, p <...

Case Reports in Oncology, 2019

Dural metastases are uncommon in cancer patients, but can have as much of an effect on the lives ... more Dural metastases are uncommon in cancer patients, but can have as much of an effect on the lives of patients as brain metastases. Dural metastases are most commonly associated with primary cancers of the breast, prostate, and lung, and it is rare that the primary site of the tumor is unknown. In this study, we encountered a 51-year-old woman who had developed multiple bone tumors, with no known primary cancer lesion. A tumor biopsy of the sacral bone revealed non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma; the patient was therefore diagnosed as having multiple bone metastases of an unknown primary cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cranial metastases and partial thickening of the dura with suspected dura metastases. Platinum-based chemotherapy reduced the bone metastases and the thickened dura. However, as resistance to chemotherapy developed, invasions progressed rapidly and diffusely throughout the dura. This was accompanied by the development of dysarthria, visual impairments,...

Journal of Human Genetics, 2017

Recent progress in genomic research has raised expectations for the development of personalized p... more Recent progress in genomic research has raised expectations for the development of personalized preventive medicine, although genomics-related literacy of patients will be essential. Thus, enhancing genomics-related literacy is crucial, particularly for individuals with low genomics-related literacy because they might otherwise miss the opportunity to receive personalized preventive care. This should be especially emphasized when a lack of genomics-related literacy is associated with elevated disease risk, because patients could therefore be deprived of the added benefits of preventive interventions; however, whether such an association exists is unclear. Association between genomics-related literacy, calculated as the genomics literacy score (GLS), and the prevalence of non-communicable diseases was assessed using propensity score matching on 4646 participants (males: 1891; 40.7%). Notably, the low-GLS group (score below median) presented a higher risk of hypertension (relative risk (RR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.16) and obesity (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22) than the high-GLS group. Our results suggest that a low level of genomics-related literacy could represent a risk factor for hypertension and obesity. Evaluating genomics-related literacy could be used to identify a more appropriate population for health and educational interventions.

Journal of Epidemiology, 2020

Background: The Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study was launched in 200... more Background: The Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study was launched in 2005 to examine gene-environment interactions in lifestyle-related diseases, including cancers, among the Japanese. This report describes the study design and baseline profile of the study participants. Methods: The participants of the J-MICC Study were individuals aged 35 to 69 years enrolled from respondents to study announcements in specified regions, inhabitants attending health checkup examinations provided by local governments, visitors at health checkup centers, and first-visit patients at a cancer hospital in Japan. At the time of the baseline survey, from 2005 to 2014, we obtained comprehensive information regarding demographics, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, sleeping, exercise, food intake frequency, medication and supplement use, personal and family disease history, psychological stress, and female reproductive history and collected peripheral blood samples.

BMC Research Notes

Objective Cognitive decline is an important and well-documented health problem. The Mini-Cog, a s... more Objective Cognitive decline is an important and well-documented health problem. The Mini-Cog, a simple cognitive function test, is recommended as a potential early cognitive screening tool. Kanagawa Prefecture, one of the largest prefectures in Japan, developed this self-testing application on a smartphone to enable a large number of residents to assess their cognitive function. This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Mini-Cog. Results Twenty men and 20 women aged 65–85 years were enrolled. Criterion-related validity of the method tested by professional staff was found to have an acceptable positive association. The test–retest reliability was lower than the clinically expected intraclass correlation coefficient value because of the inclusion of learning and order effects. If the Mini-Cog score of this application is low, the system is equipped with a function that advises the users on preventing cognitive decline, directing them to the appropriate services, a...

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 2021

Purpose: Real-world data from large administrative claims databases in Japan have recently become... more Purpose: Real-world data from large administrative claims databases in Japan have recently become available, but limited evidence exists to support their validity. VALIDATE-J validated claims-based algorithms for selected cancers in Japan. Methods: VALIDATE-J was a multicenter, cross-sectional, retrospective study. Disease-identifying algorithms were used to identify cancers diagnosed between January or March 2012 and December 2016 using claims data from two hospitals in Japan. Positive predictive values (PPVs), specificity, and sensitivity were calculated for prevalent (regardless of baseline cancer-free period) and incident (12-month cancer-free period; with claims and registry periods in the same month) cases, using hospital cancer registry data as gold standard.

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 2020

The distribution of patients with hematological malignancies is expected to change markedly in th... more The distribution of patients with hematological malignancies is expected to change markedly in the future due to aging of the Japanese population. We assessed the expected incidence rates of leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and multiple myeloma using national population estimates and data from the Kanagawa Cancer Registry. Patients and Methods: To evaluate the effects of community aging, we compared expected future incidences of hematological malignancies in Kanagawa with other three areas, namely the Yamagata, Osaka, and Nagasaki prefectures, which have different populations and predicted aging rates. Results: The total number of patients newly diagnosed with hematological malignancy in Kanagawa in 2010 was 1970. This was predicted to increase to 2581 by 2025 and to 2712 by 2040. Trends were very similar for all three hematological malignancies. These incidence rates were predicted to increase continuously in patients aged ≥65 years from 2010 to 2040, with a 169% increase in leukemia, a 167% increase in malignant lymphoma, and a 169% increase in multiple myeloma. A continuous increase in the population aged ≥65 years was also noted in the other three prefectures. Conclusion: The distribution demographic of patients with hematological malignancies is expected to change in the future as the number of elderly patients increases.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe distribution of patients with hematological malignancies will probably ... more BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe distribution of patients with hematological malignancies will probably markedly change because society is aging. We assessed the expected incidence rates of leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and multiple myeloma using estimates of the nation’s population and Kanagawa Cancer Registry data.METHODSTo estimate the future incidence, we multiplied the 2010 rate by the predicted population according to age groups.RESULTS The total number of patients newly diagnosed as having hematological malignancy in Kanagawa in 2010 was 1,970. This was predicted to increase to 2,581 in 2025 and to decrease to 2,712 in 2040. Trends were almost the same for all three hematological malignancies. The incidence rates of the three hematological malignancies were predicted to continuously increase in patients aged ≥65 years: a 169% (450/266) increase in leukemia, 167% (1205/722) increase in malignant lymphoma, and 169% (309/183) increase in multiple myeloma from 2010 to 2040. In the group...

Anaesthesia and Anaesthetics, 2018

Palliative anticancer drug therapy is often performed for unresectable, advanced-stage oesophagea... more Palliative anticancer drug therapy is often performed for unresectable, advanced-stage oesophageal cancer. Patients with poor general condition may not be able to undergo high-dose cisplatin plus fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy due to a high-risk of adverse events. Herein, we report a patient with advanced oesophageal carcinoma and poor general condition, accompanied by severe liver injury due to metastasis, who received palliative chemoradiotherapy. The administration of high-dose cisplatin was not found to be beneficial, and the treatment regimen was switched to low-dose nedaplatin and 5-FU therapy. Subsequently, there was a significant reduction in the liver metastasis that resulted in an improvement of the hepatic function; this allowed the patient to receive outpatient anticancer treatment. Even after the patient became resistant to the primary treatment, changing anticancer drugs allowed treatment to continue, and as a result we were able to prolong the patient's life by approximately 600 days. This therapy with low-dose nedaplatin resulted in an improvement in the general condition and long-term survival of the patient; additionally, the drug has low nephrotoxicity. Hence, it may be considered a significant advancement in the treatment of unresectable, advanced-stage oesophageal cancer.

Globalization and health, Jan 20, 2017

China and Japan share numerous similarities other than their geographical proximity. Facing the g... more China and Japan share numerous similarities other than their geographical proximity. Facing the great challenges of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), China and Japan have developed different preventive strategies and systems. While Japan has made great progress in primary prevention of NCDs through strong legislation, the 'Specific Health Check and Guidance System' and a unique licensed health professional system, China is attempting to catch up by changing its strategies in NCDs control. In this manuscript, we compared disease burden of NCDs, health care systems and preventive strategies against NCDs between China and Japan. In this light, we summarized the points that the two countries can learn from each other, and proposed recommendations for the two countries in NCDs control.

Internal Medicine, 2016

Objective The influence of cancer boards with respect to the treatment decisions regarding chemot... more Objective The influence of cancer boards with respect to the treatment decisions regarding chemotherapy remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the cases that presented at our institutional cancer boards, to assess the effect of cancer boards on the treatment decisions regarding chemotherapy. Methods Data from the cancer boards at Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan, were collected. Along with data from the clinical records, the details of the discussions and the chosen plan of treatment of the cancer boards were analyzed. Results From February 2010 to February 2014, 1,541 cases were discussed at our cancer boards. Of these, 811 cases (52.6%) involved discussions about chemotherapy. Of those 811 cases, recommendations were made to alter the treatment plans for 189 cases (23.3%). The reasons for discouraging chemotherapy varied; however, 29/45 (64.4%) cases involved discouragement for the following reasons: old age, a comorbid condition, the physical (performance) status, or insufficient evidence to administer chemotherapy. Eighty-six patients were referred to the medical oncology department through the cancer boards. Conclusion Our results showed that cancer boards have a great influence on the treatment decisions regarding chemotherapy and the prompt referral of cases to medical oncologists as necessary. In terms of future research, we will evaluate the effect of cancer boards on the prognosis and outcomes of cases using the institutional cancer registry.

Journal of human genetics, Jan 10, 2015

Obesity is associated with environmental factors; however, information about gene-environment int... more Obesity is associated with environmental factors; however, information about gene-environment interactions is lacking. We aimed to elucidate the effects of gene-environment interactions on obesity, specifically between genetic predisposition and various obesity-related lifestyle factors, using data from a population-based prospective cohort study. The genetic risk score (GRS) calculated from East Asian ancestry single-nucleotide polymorphisms was significantly associated with the body mass index (BMI) at baseline (P<0.001). Significant gene-environment interactions were observed for six nutritional factors, alcohol intake, metabolic equivalents-hour per day and the homeostasis model assessment ratio. The GRS altered the effects of lifestyle factors on BMI. Increases in the BMI at baseline per unit intake for each nutritional factor differed depending on the GRS. However, we did not observe significant correlations between the GRS and annual changes in BMI during the follow-up per...

PLOS ONE, 2015

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method of operations research that has not yet been applied ... more Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method of operations research that has not yet been applied in the field of obesity research. However, DEA might be used to evaluate individuals' susceptibility to obesity, which could help establish effective risk models for the onset of obesity. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the feasibility of applying DEA to predict obesity, by calculating efficiency scores and evaluating the usefulness of risk models. In this study, we evaluated data from the Takahata study, which was a population-based cohort study (with a follow-up study) of Japanese people who are >40 years old. For our analysis, we used the input-oriented Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes model of DEA, and defined the decision-making units (DMUs) as individual subjects. The inputs were defined as (1) exercise (measured as calories expended) and (2) the inverse of food intake (measured as calories ingested). The output was defined as the inverse of body mass index (BMI). Using the β coefficients for the participants' single nucleotide polymorphisms, we then calculated their genetic predisposition score (GPS). Both efficiency scores and GPS were available for 1,620 participants from the baseline survey, and for 708 participants from the follow-up survey. To compare the strengths of the associations, we used models of multiple linear regressions. To evaluate the effects of genetic factors and efficiency score on body mass index (BMI), we used multiple linear regression analysis, with BMI as the dependent variable, GPS and efficiency scores as the explanatory variables, and several demographic controls, including age and sex. Our results indicated that all factors were statistically significant (p < 0.05), with an adjusted R 2 value of 0.66. Therefore, it

International Cancer Conference Journal, 2013

We report two cases of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis successfully responding to c... more We report two cases of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis successfully responding to combination chemotherapy of S-1 and cisplatin, leading to a clinical complete response (cCR). In case 1, a 60-year-old woman achieved a cCR after 6 cycles of S-1 and cisplatin. Eight cycles of S-1 and cisplatin and 16 cycles of S-1 alone were administered. Since treatment with S-1 alone, only observation has been performed with no recurrence. In case 2, a 63-year-old man achieved cCR after 2 cycles of S-1 and cisplatin chemotherapy. After 8 cycles of chemotherapy, cCR was confirmed, and a curative operation was performed. After surgery, a small number of viable cells were found in the pathological examination. Fifty-four reports of cCR cases of advanced non-resectable or metastatic gastric cancer with chemotherapy have been published, but none mentioned the treatment options after cCR. In this report, we show two patients choosing different paths after achieving cCR by chemotherapy. In our surgical case, residues of pathologically viable cancer cells were confirmed, so surgery might be recommended after cCR, but further investigation will be needed.

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 2021

Purpose: A tailored approach to individual risk factors for developing lifestyle-related diseases... more Purpose: A tailored approach to individual risk factors for developing lifestyle-related diseases would help induce behavioral changes toward intervention acceptability. The addition of preventive healthcare programs to nationwide specific health guidance in Japan is adapted in a given region. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective parallel-group comparison study on 195 eligible residents from Takahata, Japan, with a high risk of lifestyle-related diseases from 2014 to 2017 to examine whether such an intervention could improve the body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Of the 195 enrolled residents, 117 were assigned to the control group and 78 to the intervention group. They were ≤65 years old and had a BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 and an eGFR ≤90 mL/kg/1.73 m 2. We conducted certain interventions for each group, including additional blood testing, regular health guidance, and specific health guidance. After one year, neither BMI (intervention: 26.7 ± 2.17 kg/m 2 vs control: 27.3 ± 2.12 kg/m 2 , p = 0.076) nor eGFR (intervention: 72.2 ± 11.1 mL/kg/1.73 m 2 vs control: 73.1 ± 10.5 mL/kg/1.73 m 2 , p = 0.608) differed significantly between groups. However, after three years, the BMI in the intervention group (26.4 ± 2.05 kg/m 2) was significantly reduced compared to that in the control group (27.4 ± 2.26 kg/m 2 ; p = 0.005). Conclusion: The additional interventions might have contributed to a reduction in metabolic syndrome.

Scientific Reports, 2019

Primary prevention focuses on ensuring that healthy people remain healthy. As it is practically d... more Primary prevention focuses on ensuring that healthy people remain healthy. As it is practically difficult to provide intervention for an entire healthy population, it is essential to identify and target the at risk of risks population. We aimed to distinguish at risk of risks population using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Efficiency score was calculated from the DEA using a cohort sample and its association with the onset of hypertension and dyslipidemia was analyzed. A stratification analysis was performed according to the number of conventional risk factors in participants. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of the incidence of hypertension and dyslipidemia according to a 0.1-point increase in efficiency score were 0.66 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.78, p < 0.0001) and 0.84 (90% CI 0.75–0.94, p = 0.01), respectively. In the stratification analysis, aOR of the incidence of hypertension according to a 0.1-point increase in efficiency score was 0.57 (90% CI 0.37–0.89, p = 0...