Shoaib Zafar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shoaib Zafar

Research paper thumbnail of Prostate cancer leading to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: A case report

Molecular and clinical oncology, 2018

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types, affecting millions of individuals worldwi... more Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The present study reported two cases of metastatic prostate cancer presenting with newly diagnosed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). To the best of our knowledge, prostate cancer leading to MGUS has not been documented previously. MGUS is generally thought to be benign and has been demonstrated to convert into multiple myeloma (MM), as well as other lymphoproliferative disorders. Due to the high mortality rate associated with MM, further studies are required to confirm and clarify the association between prostate cancer and MGUS. Additionally, patients can be counseled on the requirement for follow up studies following a diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Research paper thumbnail of Convulsive Syncope Induced by Ventricular Arrhythmia Masquerading as Epileptic Seizures: Case Report and Literature Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Patient

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 2016

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a relatively common disease of adulthood characterized by ... more Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a relatively common disease of adulthood characterized by a typical combination of clinical and radiological findings. In this report, we discuss a 54-year-old female presenting with symptoms suggestive of NPH and found to have a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. She was not treated as she was in denial state and developed NPH as a possible complication. In the literature, there has only been one reported case of HIV type 2 causing NPH; however, no relationship has been properly documented with HIV type 1. These findings bring about a question on whether NPH is associated or a complication of HIV with awareness of this association. Earlier screening of HIV can be done in patients presenting with such symptoms, thus to prevent further progression of its complications.

Research paper thumbnail of Mixed Adenocarcinoid Tumor Presenting as Acute Appendicitis

Gastroenterology Research, 2016

Mixed adenocarcinoid tumors are not uncommon neoplasms of appendix. The clinical presentation of ... more Mixed adenocarcinoid tumors are not uncommon neoplasms of appendix. The clinical presentation of these tumors is often similar to that of acute appendicitis or may present as asymptomatic. These tumors are found incidentally during histopathological examination of the resected appendix following appendectomy or other abdominal procedures. Mixed adenocarcinoids usually behave as adenocarcinomas with rapid metastasis, so prognosis depends upon how aggressive the tumor behaves. The present study reports a case of a 53-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain and fever for 1 day and underwent successful appendectomy and recovered later. Subsequently, a mixed adenocarcinoma with carcinoid features of the appendix was diagnosed by histopathological examination. Follow-up examination of the patient in 3 months revealed metastasis of carcinoma to the peritoneum with adenocarcinoma features.

Research paper thumbnail of Muir-Torre Syndrome Presenting as Sebaceous Adenocarcinoma and Invasive MSH6-Positive Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Case Reports in Oncology, 2016

Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare genodermatosis, diagnosed by the presence of sebaceous neopla... more Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare genodermatosis, diagnosed by the presence of sebaceous neoplasms along with an internal malignancy, most commonly colorectal carcinomas. MTS is most commonly caused by microsatellite instabilities of the hMLH1 and hMSH2 mismatch repair genes, and is rarely caused by mutations of the hMSH6 gene. We describe the case of a 56-year-old male who presented with an enlarging mass on his back as well as hematochezia. The back mass was excised, and pathology confirmed microsatellite instability in MSH2 and MSH6. Abdominal CT and colonoscopy confirmed the presence of synchronous masses in the cecum, ascending colon, and the transverse colon. He refused any further workup or treatment, only to return 8 months later complaining of hematochezia and discomfort due to an enlarging mass protruding from the rectum. After consenting to surgical intervention, he agreed to outpatient chemotherapy treatment. The presence of sebaceous neoplasms should raise suspicion f...

Research paper thumbnail of Elevated Troponin I in the Absence of Coronary Artery Disease: A Case Report With Review of Literature

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 2015

Cardiac troponins are the most sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. In fact, the ... more Cardiac troponins are the most sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. In fact, the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction (MI) states that troponins are the preferred cardiac marker for detecting myocardial injury. For the aforementioned reasons, troponin levels are routinely ordered for patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, or any other possible presentations of MI. While troponin levels do reflect the extent of myocardial damage, they do not necessarily indicate myocardial ischemia in a subset of patients. Elevated troponin levels can be due to a wide array of mechanisms in the absence of myocardial ischemia and injury. Thus, relying solely on troponin levels, in the presence of a normal electrocardiogram (ECG), to diagnose myocardial ischemia can lead to unnecessary and expensive invasive testing. It is therefore important for the clinician to keep in mind the varying causes of troponin elevations in order to provide the highest value care to the patient. We present a case and review of literature regarding patients who present with elevated troponin levels in the absence of any coronary artery disease.

Research paper thumbnail of Energy Drink Induced Ventricular Fibrillation and Cardiac Arrest: A Successful Outcome

Journal of Medical Cases, 2015

The use of energy drinks, especially among students, has increased exponentially over the past se... more The use of energy drinks, especially among students, has increased exponentially over the past several years. In those with excess consumption, there is a risk of medical consequences. In patients with premature conditions, especially that pertaining to the cardiovascular system, it remains prudent that advisory cautions be appropriately taken. Few cases have demonstrated a correlation of energy drink use and cardiopulmonary arrest but the method of which it can impact certain populations over others has yet to be fully analyzed. In this case report, we discuss the effects of energy drinks on a 27-year-old male with a history of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) resulting in cardiopulmonary arrest. Whether there is a link between energy drink consumption and prior risk factors of cardiac deterioration has yet to be fully researched. In this report, we will demonstrate whether there is an association of PVCs, QT prolongation, and cardiac pulmonary arrest with energy drink use.

Research paper thumbnail of White Mulberry (Morus alba): A Brief Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluations Account

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Different plants are rich source of medicines. Since old days, Ayurveda and other disciplines rep... more Different plants are rich source of medicines. Since old days, Ayurveda and other disciplines reported the various pharmacological properties of naturally occurring plants against certain specific diseases. Currently, increasing health concern urged the researchers to revitalize the natural products and to alleviate the diseases without harming the body. In spite of medicinal uses of natural products, health supplements from natural products and their use in diet are gaining importance. Several bioactive constituents in natural products have the ability to protect from degenerative diseases and free radical production. The objective of this review is to unveil the phytochemistry, nutritional profile and pharmacologically active constituents of Morus alba L. The bioactive constituents isolated from M. alba such as leachianone and kuwanon G showed antibacterial activities and 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) showed α-glycosidase inhibitors activity. Likewise, M. alba extract and its other com...

Research paper thumbnail of Prostate cancer leading to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: A case report

Molecular and clinical oncology, 2018

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types, affecting millions of individuals worldwi... more Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The present study reported two cases of metastatic prostate cancer presenting with newly diagnosed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). To the best of our knowledge, prostate cancer leading to MGUS has not been documented previously. MGUS is generally thought to be benign and has been demonstrated to convert into multiple myeloma (MM), as well as other lymphoproliferative disorders. Due to the high mortality rate associated with MM, further studies are required to confirm and clarify the association between prostate cancer and MGUS. Additionally, patients can be counseled on the requirement for follow up studies following a diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Research paper thumbnail of Convulsive Syncope Induced by Ventricular Arrhythmia Masquerading as Epileptic Seizures: Case Report and Literature Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Patient

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 2016

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a relatively common disease of adulthood characterized by ... more Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a relatively common disease of adulthood characterized by a typical combination of clinical and radiological findings. In this report, we discuss a 54-year-old female presenting with symptoms suggestive of NPH and found to have a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. She was not treated as she was in denial state and developed NPH as a possible complication. In the literature, there has only been one reported case of HIV type 2 causing NPH; however, no relationship has been properly documented with HIV type 1. These findings bring about a question on whether NPH is associated or a complication of HIV with awareness of this association. Earlier screening of HIV can be done in patients presenting with such symptoms, thus to prevent further progression of its complications.

Research paper thumbnail of Mixed Adenocarcinoid Tumor Presenting as Acute Appendicitis

Gastroenterology Research, 2016

Mixed adenocarcinoid tumors are not uncommon neoplasms of appendix. The clinical presentation of ... more Mixed adenocarcinoid tumors are not uncommon neoplasms of appendix. The clinical presentation of these tumors is often similar to that of acute appendicitis or may present as asymptomatic. These tumors are found incidentally during histopathological examination of the resected appendix following appendectomy or other abdominal procedures. Mixed adenocarcinoids usually behave as adenocarcinomas with rapid metastasis, so prognosis depends upon how aggressive the tumor behaves. The present study reports a case of a 53-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain and fever for 1 day and underwent successful appendectomy and recovered later. Subsequently, a mixed adenocarcinoma with carcinoid features of the appendix was diagnosed by histopathological examination. Follow-up examination of the patient in 3 months revealed metastasis of carcinoma to the peritoneum with adenocarcinoma features.

Research paper thumbnail of Muir-Torre Syndrome Presenting as Sebaceous Adenocarcinoma and Invasive MSH6-Positive Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Case Reports in Oncology, 2016

Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare genodermatosis, diagnosed by the presence of sebaceous neopla... more Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare genodermatosis, diagnosed by the presence of sebaceous neoplasms along with an internal malignancy, most commonly colorectal carcinomas. MTS is most commonly caused by microsatellite instabilities of the hMLH1 and hMSH2 mismatch repair genes, and is rarely caused by mutations of the hMSH6 gene. We describe the case of a 56-year-old male who presented with an enlarging mass on his back as well as hematochezia. The back mass was excised, and pathology confirmed microsatellite instability in MSH2 and MSH6. Abdominal CT and colonoscopy confirmed the presence of synchronous masses in the cecum, ascending colon, and the transverse colon. He refused any further workup or treatment, only to return 8 months later complaining of hematochezia and discomfort due to an enlarging mass protruding from the rectum. After consenting to surgical intervention, he agreed to outpatient chemotherapy treatment. The presence of sebaceous neoplasms should raise suspicion f...

Research paper thumbnail of Elevated Troponin I in the Absence of Coronary Artery Disease: A Case Report With Review of Literature

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 2015

Cardiac troponins are the most sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. In fact, the ... more Cardiac troponins are the most sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. In fact, the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction (MI) states that troponins are the preferred cardiac marker for detecting myocardial injury. For the aforementioned reasons, troponin levels are routinely ordered for patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, or any other possible presentations of MI. While troponin levels do reflect the extent of myocardial damage, they do not necessarily indicate myocardial ischemia in a subset of patients. Elevated troponin levels can be due to a wide array of mechanisms in the absence of myocardial ischemia and injury. Thus, relying solely on troponin levels, in the presence of a normal electrocardiogram (ECG), to diagnose myocardial ischemia can lead to unnecessary and expensive invasive testing. It is therefore important for the clinician to keep in mind the varying causes of troponin elevations in order to provide the highest value care to the patient. We present a case and review of literature regarding patients who present with elevated troponin levels in the absence of any coronary artery disease.

Research paper thumbnail of Energy Drink Induced Ventricular Fibrillation and Cardiac Arrest: A Successful Outcome

Journal of Medical Cases, 2015

The use of energy drinks, especially among students, has increased exponentially over the past se... more The use of energy drinks, especially among students, has increased exponentially over the past several years. In those with excess consumption, there is a risk of medical consequences. In patients with premature conditions, especially that pertaining to the cardiovascular system, it remains prudent that advisory cautions be appropriately taken. Few cases have demonstrated a correlation of energy drink use and cardiopulmonary arrest but the method of which it can impact certain populations over others has yet to be fully analyzed. In this case report, we discuss the effects of energy drinks on a 27-year-old male with a history of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) resulting in cardiopulmonary arrest. Whether there is a link between energy drink consumption and prior risk factors of cardiac deterioration has yet to be fully researched. In this report, we will demonstrate whether there is an association of PVCs, QT prolongation, and cardiac pulmonary arrest with energy drink use.

Research paper thumbnail of White Mulberry (Morus alba): A Brief Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluations Account

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Different plants are rich source of medicines. Since old days, Ayurveda and other disciplines rep... more Different plants are rich source of medicines. Since old days, Ayurveda and other disciplines reported the various pharmacological properties of naturally occurring plants against certain specific diseases. Currently, increasing health concern urged the researchers to revitalize the natural products and to alleviate the diseases without harming the body. In spite of medicinal uses of natural products, health supplements from natural products and their use in diet are gaining importance. Several bioactive constituents in natural products have the ability to protect from degenerative diseases and free radical production. The objective of this review is to unveil the phytochemistry, nutritional profile and pharmacologically active constituents of Morus alba L. The bioactive constituents isolated from M. alba such as leachianone and kuwanon G showed antibacterial activities and 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) showed α-glycosidase inhibitors activity. Likewise, M. alba extract and its other com...