Shobhan Majumder - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shobhan Majumder

Research paper thumbnail of Design of a Sewage Treatment Plant at Bearys Institute of Technology, Mangalore

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2019

Wastewater generated in school and colleges have to take care as it may pollute the ground water ... more Wastewater generated in school and colleges have to take care as it may pollute the ground water if not treated properly. This paper focuses on the design of a STP unit in Bearys Institute of Technology (BIT), Mangalore for the treatment of boy’s hostel wastewater of 160 students with 135 LPCD. Physical and chemical characteristics of the wastewater samples showed a low strength in pollutant concentrations. Treatment units were planned and designed based on the existing condition. Equalization tank was designed for flow balancing; however, flash mixer was designed to mix coagulants. Suspended particles can be removed with clariflocculator and generated floc can be sent to the sludge drying bed. Colloidal and finer particles can be removed in rapid gravity filter and disinfection unit was designed for destroying the pathogens and ensuring safe disposal of treated wastewater.

Research paper thumbnail of Emission Load Distribution and Prediction of NO2 and PM10 using ISCST3 and CALINE4 Line Source Modeling

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2019

Mysore district is one of the tourist destinations, in Karnataka, India, with a population of abo... more Mysore district is one of the tourist destinations, in Karnataka, India, with a population of about 10.25 lakhs. 2-wheelers (2W) constitute more than 75 % of total vehicular population. Based on the vehicle growth during the last few years, it is observed that, the vehicle growth in Mysore city is about 8 to 9 % per annum. Industrial source complex short term model 3 (ISCST3) and California line source model 4 (CALINE4) were used to predict NO2 and PM10 concentrations emitted from line/mobile sources. PM2.5 and SO2 emission factors were found to be very less (0.04 and 0.002 g/km) compared to CO and NO2 emission factors (1.4 and 1.7 g/km). Emission loads for CO and NO2 pollutants were found to be high at link 1, 2, 5, 6, 12 and 13 due to heavy traffic densities. During winter season ISCST3 and CALINE4 model predicted NO2 concentrations were found to be ranging from 9-25 μg/m 3 and 10-40 μg/m 3 , respectively. However, PM10 concentrations were found to be 18-43 μg/m 3. Maximum concentration was found near to Receptors (R1-3), which may be due to maximum vehicular density and downwind to the pollution sources. Pollutant concentrations were found to be maximum during winter season (calm condition) followed by summer and monsoon seasons (unstable condition). NO2 and PM10 predictions made by ISCST3 and CALINE4 model showed a significant variation. Though, NO2 and PM10 concentrations were found to be within National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 80 μg/m 3 and 100 μg/m 3 , respectively. It was also observed that, CALINE4 model was not applicable to predict pollutant with lower concentrations.)

Research paper thumbnail of Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 and ISCST3 -Air Pollutant Dispersion Models

The present paper is focused on the sensitivity analysis of California line source model 4 (CALIN... more The present paper is focused on the sensitivity analysis of California line source model 4 (CALINE4) and Industrial source complex short-term model 3 (ISCST3) by changing one input variable at a time while keeping other variables as constant to identify the effect of each input variable on predicted PM 10 and NOx concentrations. State Highway (SH-17) length of 3.3 km passing through the industrial area of Mysuru with six receptor points has been considered in the present study. The sensitivity analysis of CALINE4 and ISCST3 model showed pollutant concentrations were more influenced by meteorological factors such as wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability conditions; source strength such as traffic volume, emission factors (WEF) and pollutants emission rates. However, it was also found that pollutant concentrations were less influenced by mixing height, road width, and surface roughness coefficient.

Research paper thumbnail of AIR QUALITY INDEX, VENTILATION COEFFICIENT AND POLLUTION POTENTIAL STUDIES OVER BAREILLY CITY, UTTAR PRADESH

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) along with assimilative capacity and ... more ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) along with assimilative capacity and Air Quality Index (AQI) studies were carried out at Indian Veterinary Research Institute (I.V.R.I), Izatnagar and Petrol Pump, Civil lines, Bareilly, India over a period of 5 year and relative humidity was varied from 35°C to 45°C (March to May) and 96 % to 97 % (December) during 2013 to 2017. Maximum wind speeds were varying from 4 to 8 m s to September and directions over the study area. Maximum ventilation coefficient (VC) values were ranging from 9000 m 2 s-1 to 12000 m ranging negative assimilative potential of 190 to 230 μg m and SPM, which were exceeding the NAAQS of 100 and 300 μg m concentrations were found to be within 90 % of guideline values and assimilative potentials were ranging from 40 winter season and 300 found to be ranging from 300

Research paper thumbnail of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring And Prediction of Air Pollutants Using ISCST3 And CALINE4 Dispersion Models For Vehicular Emissions At Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

h during all the months from January to December. Emission factors were found to be maximum durin... more h during all the months from January to December. Emission factors were found to be maximum during early morning and late night when vehicular density was minimum and found to be minimum during maximum traffic hours. RSPM and SPM concentrations were varying from 150–350 and 250–450 µg/m 3 , respectively, in all the seasons, which was exceeding the National ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) of 100 and 300 µg/m 3 , respectively. However, SO2 and NOx concentrations were ranging from 5–17 and 15–35 µg/m 3 , respectively, found to be within the NAAQS of 80 µg/m 3. ISCST3 model predictions were found to be good agreement with observed NOx and SO2 concentrations and model was underpredicting RSPM and SPM concentrations. CALINE4 model was overpredicting NOx concentration and underpredicting SPM concentrations. However, CALINE4 model predictions were found to be satisfactory with observed SPM concentrations.

Research paper thumbnail of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Prediction of NO2 Concentration using CALINE4 Model at Institutional and Commercial Area of Mysuru City, India

— Unprecedented growth of traffic volume has resulted in accelerated process of ambient air quali... more — Unprecedented growth of traffic volume has resulted in accelerated process of ambient air quality deterioration along major roadways. This paper is focused on determination of ambient air quality near a major traffic intersection and to determine the pollutant dispersion along major roadways of institutional and commercial study areas using CALINE4 Gaussian based dispersion model. Maximum traffic density was noticed near to the commercial area and peak traffic hours were noticed from 10:00 am to 11:00 am and during afternoon 04:00 pm to 05:00 pm. The NO 2 and SO 2 concentrations were found to be more in the commercial area than the institutional area. NO 2 concentrations were more during winter season (14-23 µg/m 3) than summer season (8-18 µg/m 3). Statistical analysis revealed that, CALINE4 model prediction was poor in correlation with observed NO 2 concentrations. However, based on statistical analysis model prediction was better during winter season than summer season. CALINE4 model showed a poor applicability for prediction of pollutants with less concentration.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Mixed Microbial Culture, Mediator, Different Electrode Configuration and Wastewater Dilution on Power Generation in a Double Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device generally converts the biochemical energy present in the su... more Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device generally converts the biochemical energy present in the substrate to electrical energy through degradation of substrate in the absence of oxygen. Various experiments have been conducted to generate electricity using double chambered MFC (DC-MFC) reactor due to its simple construction, mechanism and maintenance compared to single chambered MFC (SC-MFC) reactor. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a low-cost DC-MFC to generate power from distillery as well as sugar industrial wastewaters using different electrode configurations. Effect of mixed microbial culture, mediators, electrode configuration and varied dilution on power generation has been carried out.The maximum voltage was found to be 1000 mV in the presence of PS and RFS as inoculum using sugar wastewaters, however, a maximum voltage and current of 860 mV and 9.1 mA, respectively, were noticed when distillery wastewaters were used as substrate with phosphate buffer. Experimental results using multi carbon rod electrode assembly with raw distillery wastewaters showed a maximum voltage and current of 870 mV and 10.1 mA, respectively, however, with 20 % dilution of sugar wastewater yielded a maximum voltage and current of 1180 mV and 1.4 mA, respectively. Constructions of MFC reactor was found to be low cost with agar salt bridge when compared with Nafion membranes.

Research paper thumbnail of Removal of COD from Textile Mill Wastewater by Electro-Coagulation Process Using SS/Al as Composite Hydrogel Electrode

Textile industry, is a major consumer of water for different wet processes of operations. It is c... more Textile industry, is a major consumer of water for different wet processes of operations. It is concern owing to significant organic matter and dyeing agents which produce color, inturn contributes high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The Electrocoagulation (EC) process is considered as an effective treatment in the removal of dye and COD from textile mill wastewater. This paper focuses on, the performance of an EC process by incorporating titanium plates (Electro-oxidation) for the treatment of textile mill wastewater. The wastewater was characterized for COD, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, conductivity, chlorides, turbidity and color. The effect of operating parameters such as current density, electrolysis time, and initial COD concentration was studied. Furthermore, energy and electrode consumption was also examined. The optimum electrolysis time and voltage for Stainless Steel–Titanium (SS-Ti) and Aluminium–Titanium (Al-Ti) was found to be 60 min at 14 V and 45 min at 16 V respectively. The COD removal efficiency of SS coated with sodium alginate hydrogel in combination with Ti was found to be 90% and Al coated with sodium alginate hydrogel in combination with Ti was observed 87%. The electrode dissolution of SS was 0.62 mg/L and Al was 0.125 mg/L at 16 V at 60 mins and 14 V at 45 mins respectively. The power consumption of SS and Al was found to be 9.6 kWh/m 3 and 5.25 kWh/m 3 , respectively. The most suitable EC–EO performance was achieved using Al–Ti electrode in economical terms when compared to SS–Ti electrode.

Research paper thumbnail of AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF NO X , SO 2 AND PM 10 FROM POINT SOURCE USING ISCST3 MODEL IN AN INDUSTRIAL AREA OF MYSURU

Major sources of increase in air pollutant concentration in the ambient air are due to rapid indu... more Major sources of increase in air pollutant concentration in the ambient air are due to rapid industrialization and urbanization along with the growth in emission from automobiles. In the present study ambient air quality has been monitored for Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x), Sulphur dioxide (SO 2), Particulate Matters-PM 10 and PM 2.5 by considering a typical rubber reclamation Plant, Mysuru as a source of emission. ISCST3 an air pollutant dispersion model has been used to predict the dispersion of air pollutant concentrations such as, NO x , SO 2 , and PM 10. The monitoring of ambient air was revealed that, at JSS Urban Haat, the PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were found to be 60 µg/m 3 and 30 µg/m 3 , respectively. The maximum PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentration was observed at JSS urban Haat (R4). The lowest concentration of PM 10 and PM 2.5 of 50 µg/m 3 and 19 µg/m 3 was noticed at Health Care Centre (R2) and Dexter Logistics (R3), respectively. Results of ISCST3 dispersion model run showed maximum PM 10 of 0.12634 µg/m 3 was observed at JSS Urban Haat and maximum SO 2 concentration was found to be of 0.0618 µg/m 3 at Health Care Centre. Further, predicted concentrations were found to be less than the observed concentrations, which may be due to the fact that, the model prediction considered the emissions from two stacks of rubber reclamation industrial Plant, and not being considered from other industrial emissions as well as automobiles.Most of the urban centers are experiencing increase in the pollutant concentration in the ambient air. This may be due to rapid industrialization and urbanization along with the increase in vehicular emission from automobiles. Air pollutant dispersion models are used to investigate the possible impacts of emissions on the atmosphere. Air quality modelling uses the emission rate, meteorological and topographical data to calculate the pollutants concentration (Demirarslan and Dongruparmak, 2016). Many researchers have used the air pollutant models such as, AERMOD, ISCST3 and CALPUFF as a tool to predict downwind pollutants concentration or to back calculate average pollutant emission rates (Wang et al., 2006). Transportation, dispersion and concentration distribution is a function of various meteorological parameters such as, wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity of the region. Some of the major industries which contribute to the air pollution include: food industries, textile mills, pulp and paper mill, machinery and metals, printing, chemical based industries, mineral and ceramics, petrochemical, petroleum refinery, cement industries, iron and non-iron metallurgy sectors (Elbir, 2002). Bhanarkar et al. (2005) have assessed contribution of NO 2 and SO 2 from different sources in Jamshedpur. Measured concentrations of NO 2 and SO 2 in summer were found to be in the range from 9 to 20 µg/m 3 and 18 to 68 µg/m 3 respectively. The predicted concentrations of NO 2 and SO 2 emitted from the industrial sources were found to be in the range from 20 to 35 µg/m 3 and 8 to 14 µg/m 3 , respectively. Faulkner et al. (2008) have checked the sensitivity of ISCST3 model with PM concentrations under varied meteorological conditions. Maximum observed PM

Research paper thumbnail of Assimilative Capacity and Air Quality Index Studies of the Atmosphere in Hebbal Industrial Area, Mysuru

Industrialization and increase in density of vehicle are being the major concerns of air pollutio... more Industrialization and increase in density of vehicle are being the major concerns of air pollution in urban areas. Focused on assimilative capacity of the atmosphere and determination of air quality index (AQI) of industrial areas are of more concern in the allocation of new industries in the existing industrial areas of towns and cities. Air quality monitoring studies were conducted from November, 2016 to June, 2017 at Hebbal industrial area, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. The wind rose plots during winter indicated the predominant wind was blowing from E (90°) and ENE (68°) and during summer wind was blowing from SW (225°) and WSW (248°) towards NE (45°) and ENE (68°). A maximum wind speed of 7.77 m/s was observed during monsoon season. The results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Studies (AAQMS) at Hebbal Industrial area showed, during winter season PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were found to be 177.3 and 64.2 μg/m 3 , respectively at Location 1, which was more than the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 100 and 60 μg/m 3 , respectively. NOx and SO 2 concentrations at Hebbal industrial area, were found to be within NAAQS of 80 μg/m 3. The average ventilation coefficient (VC) observed to be highest during summer season (7631 m 2 /s at 16:00 h) followed by winter (5009 m 2 /s at 15:00 h) and lowest during monsoon season (4114 m 2 /s at 16:00 h). Assimilative capacity for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NOx and SO 2 during summer and monsoon seasons were noticed to be within the permissible limits. During winter season Air Quality Index (AQI) was found to be 'moderate' at location 1 and 2, due to high pollution load, implying a 'poor' air quality during winter season. However, during summer AQI was found to be 'satisfactory' at all the locations and in monsoon season AQI at location 2 and 3 was found to be 'good' due to the occurrence of precipitation and unstable atmospheric conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Air Pollutant Dispersion from Point and Line Sources and Validation of ISCST3 and CALINE4 Model Data with Observed Values in the Industrial Area of Mysuru

Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) has been monitored over a period of 8 months from November, 2016 to Jun... more Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) has been monitored over a period of 8 months from November, 2016 to June, 2017, considering winter, summer and monsoon seasons at three identified locations along the highway passing through industrial area of Mysuru city, India. The number of 2W vehicles were found to be maximum (13620 nos./d) followed by 4W (4654 nos./d), HDV (2410 nos./d) and LDV (2024 nos./d). During weekdays the peak traffic volumes were observed at 08:00–10:00 hours and 17:00–20:00 hours. All the monitored pollutant concentrations were found to be well within National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in all the seasons, except during winter season PM 10 and PM 2.5 at receptor R1 were found to be exceeding the NAAQS. The comparison between observed values with Industrial source complex short term model 3 (ISCST3) and California line source model 4 (CALINE4) predictions showed ISCST3 model prediction found to be good agreement with observed NOx and SO 2 concentration, however, CALINE4 model prediction was good agreement with observed PM 10 concentration. It was also observed that, NOx and PM 10 was contributing ~86% and ~68% from line sources and ~14% and ~32% from point sources, respectively, however, SO 2 was contributing ~67% from point sources and ~33% from line sources. The statistical analysis of ISCST3 model was found to be within the acceptable values, indicating a good agreement with the observed pollutant concentrations.

Research paper thumbnail of Design of a Sewage Treatment Plant at Bearys Institute of Technology, Mangalore

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2019

Wastewater generated in school and colleges have to take care as it may pollute the ground water ... more Wastewater generated in school and colleges have to take care as it may pollute the ground water if not treated properly. This paper focuses on the design of a STP unit in Bearys Institute of Technology (BIT), Mangalore for the treatment of boy’s hostel wastewater of 160 students with 135 LPCD. Physical and chemical characteristics of the wastewater samples showed a low strength in pollutant concentrations. Treatment units were planned and designed based on the existing condition. Equalization tank was designed for flow balancing; however, flash mixer was designed to mix coagulants. Suspended particles can be removed with clariflocculator and generated floc can be sent to the sludge drying bed. Colloidal and finer particles can be removed in rapid gravity filter and disinfection unit was designed for destroying the pathogens and ensuring safe disposal of treated wastewater.

Research paper thumbnail of Emission Load Distribution and Prediction of NO2 and PM10 using ISCST3 and CALINE4 Line Source Modeling

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2019

Mysore district is one of the tourist destinations, in Karnataka, India, with a population of abo... more Mysore district is one of the tourist destinations, in Karnataka, India, with a population of about 10.25 lakhs. 2-wheelers (2W) constitute more than 75 % of total vehicular population. Based on the vehicle growth during the last few years, it is observed that, the vehicle growth in Mysore city is about 8 to 9 % per annum. Industrial source complex short term model 3 (ISCST3) and California line source model 4 (CALINE4) were used to predict NO2 and PM10 concentrations emitted from line/mobile sources. PM2.5 and SO2 emission factors were found to be very less (0.04 and 0.002 g/km) compared to CO and NO2 emission factors (1.4 and 1.7 g/km). Emission loads for CO and NO2 pollutants were found to be high at link 1, 2, 5, 6, 12 and 13 due to heavy traffic densities. During winter season ISCST3 and CALINE4 model predicted NO2 concentrations were found to be ranging from 9-25 μg/m 3 and 10-40 μg/m 3 , respectively. However, PM10 concentrations were found to be 18-43 μg/m 3. Maximum concentration was found near to Receptors (R1-3), which may be due to maximum vehicular density and downwind to the pollution sources. Pollutant concentrations were found to be maximum during winter season (calm condition) followed by summer and monsoon seasons (unstable condition). NO2 and PM10 predictions made by ISCST3 and CALINE4 model showed a significant variation. Though, NO2 and PM10 concentrations were found to be within National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 80 μg/m 3 and 100 μg/m 3 , respectively. It was also observed that, CALINE4 model was not applicable to predict pollutant with lower concentrations.)

Research paper thumbnail of Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 and ISCST3 -Air Pollutant Dispersion Models

The present paper is focused on the sensitivity analysis of California line source model 4 (CALIN... more The present paper is focused on the sensitivity analysis of California line source model 4 (CALINE4) and Industrial source complex short-term model 3 (ISCST3) by changing one input variable at a time while keeping other variables as constant to identify the effect of each input variable on predicted PM 10 and NOx concentrations. State Highway (SH-17) length of 3.3 km passing through the industrial area of Mysuru with six receptor points has been considered in the present study. The sensitivity analysis of CALINE4 and ISCST3 model showed pollutant concentrations were more influenced by meteorological factors such as wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability conditions; source strength such as traffic volume, emission factors (WEF) and pollutants emission rates. However, it was also found that pollutant concentrations were less influenced by mixing height, road width, and surface roughness coefficient.

Research paper thumbnail of AIR QUALITY INDEX, VENTILATION COEFFICIENT AND POLLUTION POTENTIAL STUDIES OVER BAREILLY CITY, UTTAR PRADESH

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) along with assimilative capacity and ... more ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) along with assimilative capacity and Air Quality Index (AQI) studies were carried out at Indian Veterinary Research Institute (I.V.R.I), Izatnagar and Petrol Pump, Civil lines, Bareilly, India over a period of 5 year and relative humidity was varied from 35°C to 45°C (March to May) and 96 % to 97 % (December) during 2013 to 2017. Maximum wind speeds were varying from 4 to 8 m s to September and directions over the study area. Maximum ventilation coefficient (VC) values were ranging from 9000 m 2 s-1 to 12000 m ranging negative assimilative potential of 190 to 230 μg m and SPM, which were exceeding the NAAQS of 100 and 300 μg m concentrations were found to be within 90 % of guideline values and assimilative potentials were ranging from 40 winter season and 300 found to be ranging from 300

Research paper thumbnail of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring And Prediction of Air Pollutants Using ISCST3 And CALINE4 Dispersion Models For Vehicular Emissions At Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

h during all the months from January to December. Emission factors were found to be maximum durin... more h during all the months from January to December. Emission factors were found to be maximum during early morning and late night when vehicular density was minimum and found to be minimum during maximum traffic hours. RSPM and SPM concentrations were varying from 150–350 and 250–450 µg/m 3 , respectively, in all the seasons, which was exceeding the National ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) of 100 and 300 µg/m 3 , respectively. However, SO2 and NOx concentrations were ranging from 5–17 and 15–35 µg/m 3 , respectively, found to be within the NAAQS of 80 µg/m 3. ISCST3 model predictions were found to be good agreement with observed NOx and SO2 concentrations and model was underpredicting RSPM and SPM concentrations. CALINE4 model was overpredicting NOx concentration and underpredicting SPM concentrations. However, CALINE4 model predictions were found to be satisfactory with observed SPM concentrations.

Research paper thumbnail of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Prediction of NO2 Concentration using CALINE4 Model at Institutional and Commercial Area of Mysuru City, India

— Unprecedented growth of traffic volume has resulted in accelerated process of ambient air quali... more — Unprecedented growth of traffic volume has resulted in accelerated process of ambient air quality deterioration along major roadways. This paper is focused on determination of ambient air quality near a major traffic intersection and to determine the pollutant dispersion along major roadways of institutional and commercial study areas using CALINE4 Gaussian based dispersion model. Maximum traffic density was noticed near to the commercial area and peak traffic hours were noticed from 10:00 am to 11:00 am and during afternoon 04:00 pm to 05:00 pm. The NO 2 and SO 2 concentrations were found to be more in the commercial area than the institutional area. NO 2 concentrations were more during winter season (14-23 µg/m 3) than summer season (8-18 µg/m 3). Statistical analysis revealed that, CALINE4 model prediction was poor in correlation with observed NO 2 concentrations. However, based on statistical analysis model prediction was better during winter season than summer season. CALINE4 model showed a poor applicability for prediction of pollutants with less concentration.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Mixed Microbial Culture, Mediator, Different Electrode Configuration and Wastewater Dilution on Power Generation in a Double Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device generally converts the biochemical energy present in the su... more Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device generally converts the biochemical energy present in the substrate to electrical energy through degradation of substrate in the absence of oxygen. Various experiments have been conducted to generate electricity using double chambered MFC (DC-MFC) reactor due to its simple construction, mechanism and maintenance compared to single chambered MFC (SC-MFC) reactor. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a low-cost DC-MFC to generate power from distillery as well as sugar industrial wastewaters using different electrode configurations. Effect of mixed microbial culture, mediators, electrode configuration and varied dilution on power generation has been carried out.The maximum voltage was found to be 1000 mV in the presence of PS and RFS as inoculum using sugar wastewaters, however, a maximum voltage and current of 860 mV and 9.1 mA, respectively, were noticed when distillery wastewaters were used as substrate with phosphate buffer. Experimental results using multi carbon rod electrode assembly with raw distillery wastewaters showed a maximum voltage and current of 870 mV and 10.1 mA, respectively, however, with 20 % dilution of sugar wastewater yielded a maximum voltage and current of 1180 mV and 1.4 mA, respectively. Constructions of MFC reactor was found to be low cost with agar salt bridge when compared with Nafion membranes.

Research paper thumbnail of Removal of COD from Textile Mill Wastewater by Electro-Coagulation Process Using SS/Al as Composite Hydrogel Electrode

Textile industry, is a major consumer of water for different wet processes of operations. It is c... more Textile industry, is a major consumer of water for different wet processes of operations. It is concern owing to significant organic matter and dyeing agents which produce color, inturn contributes high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The Electrocoagulation (EC) process is considered as an effective treatment in the removal of dye and COD from textile mill wastewater. This paper focuses on, the performance of an EC process by incorporating titanium plates (Electro-oxidation) for the treatment of textile mill wastewater. The wastewater was characterized for COD, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, conductivity, chlorides, turbidity and color. The effect of operating parameters such as current density, electrolysis time, and initial COD concentration was studied. Furthermore, energy and electrode consumption was also examined. The optimum electrolysis time and voltage for Stainless Steel–Titanium (SS-Ti) and Aluminium–Titanium (Al-Ti) was found to be 60 min at 14 V and 45 min at 16 V respectively. The COD removal efficiency of SS coated with sodium alginate hydrogel in combination with Ti was found to be 90% and Al coated with sodium alginate hydrogel in combination with Ti was observed 87%. The electrode dissolution of SS was 0.62 mg/L and Al was 0.125 mg/L at 16 V at 60 mins and 14 V at 45 mins respectively. The power consumption of SS and Al was found to be 9.6 kWh/m 3 and 5.25 kWh/m 3 , respectively. The most suitable EC–EO performance was achieved using Al–Ti electrode in economical terms when compared to SS–Ti electrode.

Research paper thumbnail of AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF NO X , SO 2 AND PM 10 FROM POINT SOURCE USING ISCST3 MODEL IN AN INDUSTRIAL AREA OF MYSURU

Major sources of increase in air pollutant concentration in the ambient air are due to rapid indu... more Major sources of increase in air pollutant concentration in the ambient air are due to rapid industrialization and urbanization along with the growth in emission from automobiles. In the present study ambient air quality has been monitored for Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x), Sulphur dioxide (SO 2), Particulate Matters-PM 10 and PM 2.5 by considering a typical rubber reclamation Plant, Mysuru as a source of emission. ISCST3 an air pollutant dispersion model has been used to predict the dispersion of air pollutant concentrations such as, NO x , SO 2 , and PM 10. The monitoring of ambient air was revealed that, at JSS Urban Haat, the PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were found to be 60 µg/m 3 and 30 µg/m 3 , respectively. The maximum PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentration was observed at JSS urban Haat (R4). The lowest concentration of PM 10 and PM 2.5 of 50 µg/m 3 and 19 µg/m 3 was noticed at Health Care Centre (R2) and Dexter Logistics (R3), respectively. Results of ISCST3 dispersion model run showed maximum PM 10 of 0.12634 µg/m 3 was observed at JSS Urban Haat and maximum SO 2 concentration was found to be of 0.0618 µg/m 3 at Health Care Centre. Further, predicted concentrations were found to be less than the observed concentrations, which may be due to the fact that, the model prediction considered the emissions from two stacks of rubber reclamation industrial Plant, and not being considered from other industrial emissions as well as automobiles.Most of the urban centers are experiencing increase in the pollutant concentration in the ambient air. This may be due to rapid industrialization and urbanization along with the increase in vehicular emission from automobiles. Air pollutant dispersion models are used to investigate the possible impacts of emissions on the atmosphere. Air quality modelling uses the emission rate, meteorological and topographical data to calculate the pollutants concentration (Demirarslan and Dongruparmak, 2016). Many researchers have used the air pollutant models such as, AERMOD, ISCST3 and CALPUFF as a tool to predict downwind pollutants concentration or to back calculate average pollutant emission rates (Wang et al., 2006). Transportation, dispersion and concentration distribution is a function of various meteorological parameters such as, wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity of the region. Some of the major industries which contribute to the air pollution include: food industries, textile mills, pulp and paper mill, machinery and metals, printing, chemical based industries, mineral and ceramics, petrochemical, petroleum refinery, cement industries, iron and non-iron metallurgy sectors (Elbir, 2002). Bhanarkar et al. (2005) have assessed contribution of NO 2 and SO 2 from different sources in Jamshedpur. Measured concentrations of NO 2 and SO 2 in summer were found to be in the range from 9 to 20 µg/m 3 and 18 to 68 µg/m 3 respectively. The predicted concentrations of NO 2 and SO 2 emitted from the industrial sources were found to be in the range from 20 to 35 µg/m 3 and 8 to 14 µg/m 3 , respectively. Faulkner et al. (2008) have checked the sensitivity of ISCST3 model with PM concentrations under varied meteorological conditions. Maximum observed PM

Research paper thumbnail of Assimilative Capacity and Air Quality Index Studies of the Atmosphere in Hebbal Industrial Area, Mysuru

Industrialization and increase in density of vehicle are being the major concerns of air pollutio... more Industrialization and increase in density of vehicle are being the major concerns of air pollution in urban areas. Focused on assimilative capacity of the atmosphere and determination of air quality index (AQI) of industrial areas are of more concern in the allocation of new industries in the existing industrial areas of towns and cities. Air quality monitoring studies were conducted from November, 2016 to June, 2017 at Hebbal industrial area, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. The wind rose plots during winter indicated the predominant wind was blowing from E (90°) and ENE (68°) and during summer wind was blowing from SW (225°) and WSW (248°) towards NE (45°) and ENE (68°). A maximum wind speed of 7.77 m/s was observed during monsoon season. The results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Studies (AAQMS) at Hebbal Industrial area showed, during winter season PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were found to be 177.3 and 64.2 μg/m 3 , respectively at Location 1, which was more than the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 100 and 60 μg/m 3 , respectively. NOx and SO 2 concentrations at Hebbal industrial area, were found to be within NAAQS of 80 μg/m 3. The average ventilation coefficient (VC) observed to be highest during summer season (7631 m 2 /s at 16:00 h) followed by winter (5009 m 2 /s at 15:00 h) and lowest during monsoon season (4114 m 2 /s at 16:00 h). Assimilative capacity for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NOx and SO 2 during summer and monsoon seasons were noticed to be within the permissible limits. During winter season Air Quality Index (AQI) was found to be 'moderate' at location 1 and 2, due to high pollution load, implying a 'poor' air quality during winter season. However, during summer AQI was found to be 'satisfactory' at all the locations and in monsoon season AQI at location 2 and 3 was found to be 'good' due to the occurrence of precipitation and unstable atmospheric conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Air Pollutant Dispersion from Point and Line Sources and Validation of ISCST3 and CALINE4 Model Data with Observed Values in the Industrial Area of Mysuru

Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) has been monitored over a period of 8 months from November, 2016 to Jun... more Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) has been monitored over a period of 8 months from November, 2016 to June, 2017, considering winter, summer and monsoon seasons at three identified locations along the highway passing through industrial area of Mysuru city, India. The number of 2W vehicles were found to be maximum (13620 nos./d) followed by 4W (4654 nos./d), HDV (2410 nos./d) and LDV (2024 nos./d). During weekdays the peak traffic volumes were observed at 08:00–10:00 hours and 17:00–20:00 hours. All the monitored pollutant concentrations were found to be well within National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in all the seasons, except during winter season PM 10 and PM 2.5 at receptor R1 were found to be exceeding the NAAQS. The comparison between observed values with Industrial source complex short term model 3 (ISCST3) and California line source model 4 (CALINE4) predictions showed ISCST3 model prediction found to be good agreement with observed NOx and SO 2 concentration, however, CALINE4 model prediction was good agreement with observed PM 10 concentration. It was also observed that, NOx and PM 10 was contributing ~86% and ~68% from line sources and ~14% and ~32% from point sources, respectively, however, SO 2 was contributing ~67% from point sources and ~33% from line sources. The statistical analysis of ISCST3 model was found to be within the acceptable values, indicating a good agreement with the observed pollutant concentrations.