Shruti Bansal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shruti Bansal

The Journal of Immunology

Postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia is a significant cause of hospitalization and death in humans. ... more Postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia is a significant cause of hospitalization and death in humans. The mechanisms underlying this viral and bacterial synergy remain incompletely understood. Recent evidence indicates that influenza-induced IFNs, particularly type I IFN (IFN-I) and IFN-γ, suppress antibacterial defenses. In this study, we have investigated the relative importance and interplay of IFN-I and IFN-γ pathways in influenza-induced susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Using gene-deficient mouse models, as well as in vivo blocking Abs, we show that both IFN-I and IFN-γ signaling pathways contribute to the initial suppression of antibacterial immunity; however, IFN-γ plays a dominant role in the disease deterioration, in association with increased TNF-α production and alveolar macrophage (AM) depletion. We have previously shown that IFN-γ impairs AM antibacterial function and thereby acute bacterial clearance. The findings in this study indicate that IFN-γ signa...

2021 12th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2021

Software Effort Estimation (SEE) plays an instrumental role in estimating the effort required to ... more Software Effort Estimation (SEE) plays an instrumental role in estimating the effort required to complete a software development project. It involves the process of estimating the effort required in order to meet project delivery deadlines by appropriately scheduling and allocating resources during the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). In this paper, we have proposed a feature selection technique with regression models using learning automata to estimate software development effort. We have validated our approach in six data sets for software effort estimation. Further, we have discretized the predicted effort into three different classes: High (H), Moderate (M) and Low (L). We have used various regression models including Linear, LASSO, ElasticNet and Ridge regression to obtain the estimated effort and use quartiles for discretizing them. We have compared the result of our proposed approach with some existing models of feature selection and regression techniques and found that our approach is able to provide better prediction performance than some existing-models.

ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science, 2020

The urgent need for a cure for early phase COVID-19 infected patients critically underlines drug ... more The urgent need for a cure for early phase COVID-19 infected patients critically underlines drug repositioning strategies able to efficiently identify new and reliable treatments by merging computational, experimental, and pharmacokinetic expertise. Here we report new potential therapeutics for COVID-19 identified with a combined virtual and experimental screening strategy and selected among already approved drugs. We used hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), one of the most studied drugs in current clinical trials, as a reference template to screen for structural similarity against a library of almost 4000 approved drugs. The top-ranked drugs, based on structural similarity to HCQ, were selected for in vitro antiviral assessment. Among the selected drugs, both zuclopenthixol and nebivolol efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection with EC 50 values in the low micromolar range, as confirmed by independent experiments. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of ambroxol, amodiaquine, and its active metabolite (N-monodesethyl amodiaquine) is also discussed. In trying to understand the "hydroxychloroquine" mechanism of action, both pK a and the HCQ aromatic core may play a role. Further, we show that the amodiaquine metabolite and, to a lesser extent, zuclopenthixol and nebivolol are active in a SARS-CoV-2 titer reduction assay. Given the need for improved efficacy and safety, we propose zuclopenthixol, nebivolol, and amodiaquine as potential candidates for clinical trials against the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and discuss their potential use as adjuvant to the current (i.e., remdesivir and favipiravir) COVID-19 therapeutics.

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory ... more COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) infection affecting millions of persons around the world. There is an urgent unmet need to provide an easy-to-produce, affordable medicine to prevent transmission and provide early treatment for this disease. The nasal cavity and the rhinopharynx are the sites of initial replication of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, a nasal spray may be a suitable dosage form for this purpose. The main objective of our study was to test the antiviral action of three candidate nasal spray formulations against SARS-CoV-2. We have found that iota-carrageenan in concentrations as low as 6 µg/ mL inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero cell cultures. The concentrations found to be active in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 may be easily achieved by the application of nasal sprays already marketed in several countries. Xylitol at a concentration of 5 % m/V has proved to be viricidal on its own and the as...

The Journal of Immunology, 2020

Secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality du... more Secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics and pandemics. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms, such as lung epithelial damage and dysregulation of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages (AMs), have been suggested to contribute to the severity of disease. However, the fundamental reasons for influenza-induced susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia remain unclear. In this study, we revisited these controversies over key pathogenic mechanisms in a lethal model of secondary bacterial pneumonia with an S. pneumoniae strain that is innocuous to mice in the absence of influenza infection. Using a series of in vivo models, we demonstrate that rather than a systemic suppression of immune responses or neutrophil function, influenza infection activates IFN-γR signaling and abrogates AM-dependent bacteria clearance and thereby causes extreme susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. Importantly, using mice carrying...

Infection and Immunity, 2019

Postinfluenza methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection can quickly develop in... more Postinfluenza methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection can quickly develop into severe, necrotizing pneumonia, causing over 50% mortality despite antibiotic treatments. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of antibiotic therapies and the impact of S. aureus alpha-toxin in a model of lethal influenza virus and MRSA coinfection.

The Journal of Immunology, 2019

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as a significant contributor to morbidity... more Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality associated with influenza infection. In this study, we show in a mouse model that preceding influenza infection promotes S. aureus resistance to killing by antibiotics. This resistance coincides with influenza-induced accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in the lung. CCR type 2 (CCR2) is responsible for pulmonary monocyte recruitment after influenza infection. We found that antibiotic-treated Ccr2-deficient (Ccr2−/−) mice exhibit significantly improved bacterial control and survival from influenza and methicillin-resistant S. aureus coinfection, despite a delay in viral clearance. Mechanistically, our results from in vivo studies indicate that influenza-induced monocytes serve as reservoirs for intracellular S. aureus survival, thereby promoting bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment. Blocking CCR2 with a small molecular inhibitor (PF-04178903), in conjunction with...

The Journal of Immunology, 2018

Influenza and bacterial coinfection is a significant cause of hospitalization and death in humans... more Influenza and bacterial coinfection is a significant cause of hospitalization and death in humans during influenza epidemics and pandemics. However, the fundamental protective and pathogenic mechanisms involved in this complex virus–host–bacterium interaction remain incompletely understood. In this study, we have developed mild to lethal influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection models for comparative analyses of disease pathogenesis. Specifically, wild-type and IL-1R type 1–deficient (Il1r1−/−) mice were infected with influenza virus and then superchallenged with noninvasive S. pneumoniae serotype 14 (Spn14) or S. pneumoniae serotype 19A (Spn19A). The coinfections were followed by comparative analyses of inflammatory responses and animal protection. We found that resident alveolar macrophages are efficient in the clearance of both pneumococcal serotypes in the absence of influenza infection; in contrast, they are essential for airway control of Spn14 infection but not Spn1...

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2016

In patients with panfacial trauma where short-term intraoperative control of airway is required, ... more In patients with panfacial trauma where short-term intraoperative control of airway is required, submental intubation is an alternative to tracheostomy as it is associated with lesser morbidity. It is also an interesting alternative to oral and nasal intubation as intraoperatively the tube does not cause any hindrance to the surgeon and occlusion can also be assessed simultaneously. Out of 10 cases of maxillofacial trauma operated in our hospital using submental intubation, the cuff of the pilot tube was brought out in 5 of them through the midline incision, while in remaining 5 it was left inside the nasopharynx. It was observed subsequently that cuff inside the nasopharynx had some advantage, viz. there were lesser chances of accidental extubation, rupture of cuff and the incision size need not be extended to extract the cuff which resulted into a cosmetically better scar.

ANNALS OF PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE, 2017

Isolated colocolic intussusception in paediatric age group is quite rare with juvenile polyps bei... more Isolated colocolic intussusception in paediatric age group is quite rare with juvenile polyps being the most important pathological lead points. We are reporting a case of colocolic intussusceptionsecondary to solitary hamartomatous polyp as lead point in a 3.5 year oldmalechild who presented with profuse bleeding per rectum. The patient was successfully managed by reduction and colonic resection withcolo colic anastomosis and is doing well in follow up.

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society, 2017

Littre’s hernia, in which the hernia sac contains a Meckel’s diverticulum, is extremely uncommon ... more Littre’s hernia, in which the hernia sac contains a Meckel’s diverticulum, is extremely uncommon in paediatric population. We are reporting a case of Littre hernia in a 4.5 year old male child who presented with an irreducible mass in right inguinal region. The diagnosis was made peroperatively. The patient was successfully managed by diverticulectomy and herniotomy and is doing well in follow up.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(3):300-302

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2017

Acquired colonic atresias are very rare but, are known in association with necrotizing enterocoli... more Acquired colonic atresias are very rare but, are known in association with necrotizing enterocolitis. We report a case of a 4-month term male infant with recurrent episodes of abdominal distension, bilious vomiting and constipation off and on, without the history of necrotizing enterocolitis. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, an inflammatory mass with multiple dense interloop adhesions were found in the mid-transverse colon. These adhesions were lysed to identify the proximal dilated and distal blind end of the colon. Rest of the gut was normal. This case is unique for the fact that, it is a case of acquired colonic atresia without history of necrotizing enterocolitis, unlike other reported cases of acquired colonic atresia.

Journal of neonatal surgery

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) duplications are one of the rare congenital anomalies and can occur ... more Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) duplications are one of the rare congenital anomalies and can occur in any portion of the gastrointestinal tract but are more commonly encountered in small intestine. The duplication cysts cause symptoms like abdominal mass and intestinal obstruction requiring surgery or may remain asymptomatic. We are reporting our 15 years' experience duplication cysts presenting in neonates. It is a retrospective study undertaken in the department of pediatric surgery between 2001 and 2015 for GIT duplications in neonates. Patients were analyzed for their antenatal diagnosis, age, sex, clinical diagnosis, investigatory approach, operative management and surgical outcomes. Total number of neonates, diagnosed with gastrointestinal duplication in the last 15 years, was 17. Male to female ratio was 3.3:1. The most common location was found to be the ileum occurring in 71% of cases. Apart from ileum, 2 cases of duodenal and 1 case each of gastric, colonic and cecal dup...

APSP journal of case reports

Lipoma rarely involves parotid gland especially in children. An 11-year-old boy presented with ri... more Lipoma rarely involves parotid gland especially in children. An 11-year-old boy presented with right parotid swelling. Preoperative workup including CT scan and FNAC gave suspicion of parotid gland lipoma. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology after complete excision of the mass.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016

Optimized task scheduling concepts can meet user requirements efficiently by using priority conce... more Optimized task scheduling concepts can meet user requirements efficiently by using priority concepts. Increasing the resource utilization and reducing the cost, both are compulsory factors to be compromise in task scheduling algorithms of cloud computation for executing many tasks. With updating the technology many new features in cloud computing introduced such as fault tolerance, high resource utilization, expandability, flexibility, reduced overhead for users, reduced cost, required services etc., this paper discussed task scheduling algorithms based on priority for virtual machines and tasks. This algorithm performs good results with balance the load, but it's not effective with cost performance. Secondly comparative study also has been done in this paper between various scheduling algorithms by CloudSim simulator.

2015 IEEE 3rd International Conference on MOOCs, Innovation and Technology in Education (MITE), 2015

Procedia Computer Science, 2015

Till now many parameters considered in QoS driven like makespan, latency and load balancing. But ... more Till now many parameters considered in QoS driven like makespan, latency and load balancing. But allocation cost parameter is not considered in QoS-driven scheduling algorithm. Minimizing the total allocation cost is an important issue in cloud computing. In this paper, the cost is calculated of QoS-driven task scheduling algorithm and compare with traditional task scheduling algorithm in cloud computing environment. The experimental results based on cloudsim3.0 toolkit with NetBeans IDE8.0 shows that QoS-driven achieves good performance in cost parameter.

2011 Third National Conference on Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Image Processing and Graphics, 2011

... texture synthesis Shruti Bansal, Santanu Chaudhury, Brejesh Lall Department of Electrical Eng... more ... texture synthesis Shruti Bansal, Santanu Chaudhury, Brejesh Lall Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi {shruti.bansal.iitd, schaudhury, brejesh.lall}@gmail.com ... [3] N. Jojic, BJ Frey, and A. Kannan, “Epitomic analysis of appearance and shape”. In Proc. IEEE Intern. ...

dspace.thapar.edu

... Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Master ... more ... Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Master of Engineering in Electronics Instrumentation and Control By: Shruti Bansal (80751022) Under the supervision of: Dr. Mandeep Singh Assistant Professor EIED. JULY 2009 ...