Shubhajit saha - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Shubhajit saha
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Water
The increasing use of nano-based products raises concerns regarding potential risks related to th... more The increasing use of nano-based products raises concerns regarding potential risks related to their manufacturing, transportation, waste disposal, and management operations. We used the riverine carp, Capoeta capoeta, as an aquatic animal model to demonstrate the acute toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). This study focuses on acute toxicity first, and then integrates the findings through histopathology, hematological, and biochemical testing of lethal and sub-lethal Ag-NPs exposures. Red blood corpuscles (RBC), white blood corpuscles (WBC), hematocrit, and total serum glucose levels were significantly lower in Ag-NPs-exposed fish than in control fish. Total serum protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, and albumin were all significantly greater in exposed fish. This research focused on the impacts of Ag-NPs on gills and liver tissue, and it was found that the level of injury escalated as the concentration of Ag NPs increased. Epithelial lifting of secondary lamellas (ELSL), epi...
Science of The Total Environment
Toxics
Disrupted behavior and respiratory distress effects of 96-h acute deltamethrin exposures in adult... more Disrupted behavior and respiratory distress effects of 96-h acute deltamethrin exposures in adult Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were investigated using behavioral indices and opercular movement, respectively. Deltamethrin concentrations were found to be associated with toxicological (lethal and sublethal) responses. At 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the LC50 values and 95% confidence limits were 12.290 (11.174–14.411 µg/L), 12.671 (11.334–15.649 µg/L), 10.172 (9.310–11.193 µg/L), and 8.639 (7.860–9.417 µg/L), respectively. The GUTS-model analysis showed that GUTS-SD (stochastic death) with a narrow tolerance distribution in deltamethrin exposed O. mossambicus populations was more sensitive than the GUTS-IT (individual tolerance) model. Prior to death, exposed fish demonstrated concentration-dependent mortality and disturbed behavioral responses, including uncoordinated swim motions, increased mucus secretion, unbalanced and unpredictable swimming patterns, and inactivity. The ...
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
Biological Trace Element Research
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
Science of The Total Environment
Watershed Ecology and the Environment
Chemistry and Ecology, 2022
ABSTRACT The potentials for neurotoxicity and respiratory distress under 96 h acute diazinon expo... more ABSTRACT The potentials for neurotoxicity and respiratory distress under 96 h acute diazinon exposures was examined using behavioural indices and opercular movement respectively in walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. Diazinon exposure concentrations were correlated with toxicological (lethal and sublethal) endpoints. The LC50 values and 95% confidence limits at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, were 21.85 (19.09- 28.199 mg/L), 19.081 (17.15-21.65 mg/L), 16.07 (14.49- 17.86 mg/L) and 12.85 (10.92-14.39 mg/L) respectively. Concentration-dependent mortality and altered behavioural responses including uncoordinated swim movements, excessive mucus secretion, imbalanced and erratic swimming patterns and brief inactivity prior to mortality was observed. The altered behavioural patterns reflecting neurotoxicity, and increased opercular movement indicating respiratory distress in the catfish increased proportionally with elevated levels diazinon and exposure time. The inactive and almost non-motile state prior to death indicates paralysis and muscle seizure typical in the late stages of cholinergic toxicity. The severity of behavioural and respiratory effects on adult C. batrachus, a hardy species, portends catastrophic consequences for less hardy and more susceptible aquatic taxa like fish in the field, including considerable loss of adaptive ability.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2022
The sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected haematological (Hemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Corp... more The sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected haematological (Hemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) growth (Condition factor, Hepatosomatic Index, Specific Growth Rate), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus was examined under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06mg/L) and monitored on days 15, 30, and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of haemoglobin content, hematocrit, MCH in Captan® exposed fish compared to control. Serum protein, k-factor and SGR were significantly lower in exposed fish. Endocrine responses (T3 and T4) emerged as the most sensitive biomarker category, depicting modulated responses between sub-chronic exposure at day-15 and chronic responses at day-45. In general, biomarker depictions indicate that Captan® exposures are capable of inducing stress-specific effects at the biochemical and physiological levels negatively impacting the overall health and longevity of such animals.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2021
Metal exposure impairs respiration, increases metabolic demand, and reduces energy storage/fitnes... more Metal exposure impairs respiration, increases metabolic demand, and reduces energy storage/fitness in aquatic species. Respiratory impairment and energy storage was examined in acute selenium-exposed Indian major carps, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala fry and were correlated with exposure concentrations. Toxicity effects were determined in a renewal bioassay using 96h lethal selenium concentrations. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was also used to derive predicted no-effect concentrations, toxicity exposure ratios, for selenium exposures to early-life fish stages. Mortality was proportional with increasing concentrations. Oxygen consumption and lipid content compared to moisture and ash and of all protein content in tissues of C. catla and C. mrigala indicates that lowered oxygen consumption is directly predictive of lowered lipid content and selenium-induced hypoxia impacts the energy/nutritional status of the early-life stage of carp. This cross-taxa comparison will have major implications for advancing impact assessment and allow better targeting of species for conservation measures.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2022
There is limited information on fluoride toxicity and risk overview on ecotoxicological risks to ... more There is limited information on fluoride toxicity and risk overview on ecotoxicological risks to aquatic invertebrate populations particularly molluscan taxa. This necessitated the assessment of toxicity responses in the freshwater snail, Bellamya bengalensis exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of sodium fluoride. Under lethal exposures (150, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 450mg/l), the median lethal concentrations (LC50) were determined to be 422.36, 347.10, 333.33 and 273.24mg/l for B. bengalensis at 24, 48, 72 and 96h respectively. The rate of mortality of the snails was increased significantly with elevated concentrations of the toxicant. The magnitude of toxicity i.e., toxicity factor at different time scale was also higher with increased exposure duration. Altered behavioural changes i.e., crawling movement, tentacle movement, clumping tendency, touch reflex and mucous secretion in exposed snail with elevated concentrations and exposure duration. Similarly, oxygen consumption rate of the treated snail also lowered significantly during 72 and 96h of exposure. Under 30-day chronic exposures (Control-0.00mg/L; T1-27.324mg/L; T2- 54.648mg/L), protein concentrations in gonad and hepatopancreas of exposure groups was significantly lowered. Chronic exposures also revealed lowered haemocytes counts in exposure groups. The potential for loss of coordination, respiratory distress and physiological disruption in organisms exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoride was demonstrated by this study. The estimation and magnitude of toxicity responses are necessary for a more accurate estimation of ecological risks to molluscan taxa and invertebrate populations under acute and chronic fluoride exposures in the wild.
This study was conducted to determine the sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected hematologica... more This study was conducted to determine the sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected hematological (Hb, HCT, MCH) growth (K-factor, HSI, SGR), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06 mg/L) and monitored at day 15, 30 and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology, 2020
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology CURRENT ISSUE Atom logo RSS2 logo RSS1 logo Journal Help S... more Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology CURRENT ISSUE Atom logo RSS2 logo RSS1 logo Journal Help SUBSCRIPTION Login to verify subscription USER Username Password Remember me NOTIFICATIONS View Subscribe JOURNAL CONTENT Search Search Scope All Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals FONT SIZE INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians HOME ABOUT LOGIN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS AUTHOR GUIDELINE REFERENCING PATTERN EDITORIAL BOARD PUBLICATION ETHICS& MALPRACTICE STATEMENT PUBLICATION ETHICS & MALPRACTICE STATEMENT Home > Vol 9, No 1 (2020) > Saha Open Access Open Access Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access Evaluation on the Sensitivity of the Freshwater Tropical Worm, Branchiura sowerbyi (Beddard, 1892) to the Pyrethroid Pesticide, Bifenthrin Shubhajit Saha, Kishore Dhara, Nimai Chandra Saha In the present study, acute toxicity of the pyrethroid pesticide, bifenthrin, was evaluated under the experimental condition to the freshwater tr...
International Journal of Life Sciences, 2020
Although the freshwater oligochaete, Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 (Oligochaeta: Naididae: Rh... more Although the freshwater oligochaete, Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 (Oligochaeta: Naididae: Rhyacodrilinae) has been used as an indicator organism to monitor aquatic pollution, the data on the toxic effects of the grey list metal, zinc on this worm is remained scanty. The present study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity of the worm, B. sowerbyi to zinc on the basis of 24, 48, 72 and 96h lethal concentrations (LC1, 5, 10, 15, 50, 85, 90, 95, 99) and their behavioural responses. The 96h LC50 value of zinc with 95% confidence limit to the worm was recorded as 45.48 (41.32-49.33) mg/l. The rate of mortality of the worm was significantly increased (p<0.05) with increasing concentrations and time of exposure (24, 48, 72 and 96h). The study further focussed on estimation of the toxicity factor at different time scale and possible safe level of zinc to the worm to strengthen the base line data that could be used to set up local water quality criteria (WQC) for the toxicant. T...
Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences, 2021
Applied Sciences, 2021
Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquati... more Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological (hemoglobin, total red blood count, total white blood count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin), growth (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate), biochemical (total serum glucose, total serum protein), and endocrine (growth hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine) parameters in Clarias batrachus after chronic exposure. Diazinon was administered at predefined exposure doses (0.64 and 1.28 mg/L) and monitored at 15, 30, and 45 days into the investigation. Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant inverse relationship between variables (mea...
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Water
The increasing use of nano-based products raises concerns regarding potential risks related to th... more The increasing use of nano-based products raises concerns regarding potential risks related to their manufacturing, transportation, waste disposal, and management operations. We used the riverine carp, Capoeta capoeta, as an aquatic animal model to demonstrate the acute toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). This study focuses on acute toxicity first, and then integrates the findings through histopathology, hematological, and biochemical testing of lethal and sub-lethal Ag-NPs exposures. Red blood corpuscles (RBC), white blood corpuscles (WBC), hematocrit, and total serum glucose levels were significantly lower in Ag-NPs-exposed fish than in control fish. Total serum protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, and albumin were all significantly greater in exposed fish. This research focused on the impacts of Ag-NPs on gills and liver tissue, and it was found that the level of injury escalated as the concentration of Ag NPs increased. Epithelial lifting of secondary lamellas (ELSL), epi...
Science of The Total Environment
Toxics
Disrupted behavior and respiratory distress effects of 96-h acute deltamethrin exposures in adult... more Disrupted behavior and respiratory distress effects of 96-h acute deltamethrin exposures in adult Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were investigated using behavioral indices and opercular movement, respectively. Deltamethrin concentrations were found to be associated with toxicological (lethal and sublethal) responses. At 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the LC50 values and 95% confidence limits were 12.290 (11.174–14.411 µg/L), 12.671 (11.334–15.649 µg/L), 10.172 (9.310–11.193 µg/L), and 8.639 (7.860–9.417 µg/L), respectively. The GUTS-model analysis showed that GUTS-SD (stochastic death) with a narrow tolerance distribution in deltamethrin exposed O. mossambicus populations was more sensitive than the GUTS-IT (individual tolerance) model. Prior to death, exposed fish demonstrated concentration-dependent mortality and disturbed behavioral responses, including uncoordinated swim motions, increased mucus secretion, unbalanced and unpredictable swimming patterns, and inactivity. The ...
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
Biological Trace Element Research
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
Science of The Total Environment
Watershed Ecology and the Environment
Chemistry and Ecology, 2022
ABSTRACT The potentials for neurotoxicity and respiratory distress under 96 h acute diazinon expo... more ABSTRACT The potentials for neurotoxicity and respiratory distress under 96 h acute diazinon exposures was examined using behavioural indices and opercular movement respectively in walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. Diazinon exposure concentrations were correlated with toxicological (lethal and sublethal) endpoints. The LC50 values and 95% confidence limits at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, were 21.85 (19.09- 28.199 mg/L), 19.081 (17.15-21.65 mg/L), 16.07 (14.49- 17.86 mg/L) and 12.85 (10.92-14.39 mg/L) respectively. Concentration-dependent mortality and altered behavioural responses including uncoordinated swim movements, excessive mucus secretion, imbalanced and erratic swimming patterns and brief inactivity prior to mortality was observed. The altered behavioural patterns reflecting neurotoxicity, and increased opercular movement indicating respiratory distress in the catfish increased proportionally with elevated levels diazinon and exposure time. The inactive and almost non-motile state prior to death indicates paralysis and muscle seizure typical in the late stages of cholinergic toxicity. The severity of behavioural and respiratory effects on adult C. batrachus, a hardy species, portends catastrophic consequences for less hardy and more susceptible aquatic taxa like fish in the field, including considerable loss of adaptive ability.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2022
The sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected haematological (Hemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Corp... more The sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected haematological (Hemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) growth (Condition factor, Hepatosomatic Index, Specific Growth Rate), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus was examined under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06mg/L) and monitored on days 15, 30, and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of haemoglobin content, hematocrit, MCH in Captan® exposed fish compared to control. Serum protein, k-factor and SGR were significantly lower in exposed fish. Endocrine responses (T3 and T4) emerged as the most sensitive biomarker category, depicting modulated responses between sub-chronic exposure at day-15 and chronic responses at day-45. In general, biomarker depictions indicate that Captan® exposures are capable of inducing stress-specific effects at the biochemical and physiological levels negatively impacting the overall health and longevity of such animals.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2021
Metal exposure impairs respiration, increases metabolic demand, and reduces energy storage/fitnes... more Metal exposure impairs respiration, increases metabolic demand, and reduces energy storage/fitness in aquatic species. Respiratory impairment and energy storage was examined in acute selenium-exposed Indian major carps, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala fry and were correlated with exposure concentrations. Toxicity effects were determined in a renewal bioassay using 96h lethal selenium concentrations. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was also used to derive predicted no-effect concentrations, toxicity exposure ratios, for selenium exposures to early-life fish stages. Mortality was proportional with increasing concentrations. Oxygen consumption and lipid content compared to moisture and ash and of all protein content in tissues of C. catla and C. mrigala indicates that lowered oxygen consumption is directly predictive of lowered lipid content and selenium-induced hypoxia impacts the energy/nutritional status of the early-life stage of carp. This cross-taxa comparison will have major implications for advancing impact assessment and allow better targeting of species for conservation measures.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2022
There is limited information on fluoride toxicity and risk overview on ecotoxicological risks to ... more There is limited information on fluoride toxicity and risk overview on ecotoxicological risks to aquatic invertebrate populations particularly molluscan taxa. This necessitated the assessment of toxicity responses in the freshwater snail, Bellamya bengalensis exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of sodium fluoride. Under lethal exposures (150, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 450mg/l), the median lethal concentrations (LC50) were determined to be 422.36, 347.10, 333.33 and 273.24mg/l for B. bengalensis at 24, 48, 72 and 96h respectively. The rate of mortality of the snails was increased significantly with elevated concentrations of the toxicant. The magnitude of toxicity i.e., toxicity factor at different time scale was also higher with increased exposure duration. Altered behavioural changes i.e., crawling movement, tentacle movement, clumping tendency, touch reflex and mucous secretion in exposed snail with elevated concentrations and exposure duration. Similarly, oxygen consumption rate of the treated snail also lowered significantly during 72 and 96h of exposure. Under 30-day chronic exposures (Control-0.00mg/L; T1-27.324mg/L; T2- 54.648mg/L), protein concentrations in gonad and hepatopancreas of exposure groups was significantly lowered. Chronic exposures also revealed lowered haemocytes counts in exposure groups. The potential for loss of coordination, respiratory distress and physiological disruption in organisms exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoride was demonstrated by this study. The estimation and magnitude of toxicity responses are necessary for a more accurate estimation of ecological risks to molluscan taxa and invertebrate populations under acute and chronic fluoride exposures in the wild.
This study was conducted to determine the sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected hematologica... more This study was conducted to determine the sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected hematological (Hb, HCT, MCH) growth (K-factor, HSI, SGR), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06 mg/L) and monitored at day 15, 30 and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology, 2020
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology CURRENT ISSUE Atom logo RSS2 logo RSS1 logo Journal Help S... more Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology CURRENT ISSUE Atom logo RSS2 logo RSS1 logo Journal Help SUBSCRIPTION Login to verify subscription USER Username Password Remember me NOTIFICATIONS View Subscribe JOURNAL CONTENT Search Search Scope All Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals FONT SIZE INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians HOME ABOUT LOGIN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS AUTHOR GUIDELINE REFERENCING PATTERN EDITORIAL BOARD PUBLICATION ETHICS& MALPRACTICE STATEMENT PUBLICATION ETHICS & MALPRACTICE STATEMENT Home > Vol 9, No 1 (2020) > Saha Open Access Open Access Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access Evaluation on the Sensitivity of the Freshwater Tropical Worm, Branchiura sowerbyi (Beddard, 1892) to the Pyrethroid Pesticide, Bifenthrin Shubhajit Saha, Kishore Dhara, Nimai Chandra Saha In the present study, acute toxicity of the pyrethroid pesticide, bifenthrin, was evaluated under the experimental condition to the freshwater tr...
International Journal of Life Sciences, 2020
Although the freshwater oligochaete, Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 (Oligochaeta: Naididae: Rh... more Although the freshwater oligochaete, Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 (Oligochaeta: Naididae: Rhyacodrilinae) has been used as an indicator organism to monitor aquatic pollution, the data on the toxic effects of the grey list metal, zinc on this worm is remained scanty. The present study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity of the worm, B. sowerbyi to zinc on the basis of 24, 48, 72 and 96h lethal concentrations (LC1, 5, 10, 15, 50, 85, 90, 95, 99) and their behavioural responses. The 96h LC50 value of zinc with 95% confidence limit to the worm was recorded as 45.48 (41.32-49.33) mg/l. The rate of mortality of the worm was significantly increased (p<0.05) with increasing concentrations and time of exposure (24, 48, 72 and 96h). The study further focussed on estimation of the toxicity factor at different time scale and possible safe level of zinc to the worm to strengthen the base line data that could be used to set up local water quality criteria (WQC) for the toxicant. T...
Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences, 2021
Applied Sciences, 2021
Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquati... more Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological (hemoglobin, total red blood count, total white blood count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin), growth (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate), biochemical (total serum glucose, total serum protein), and endocrine (growth hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine) parameters in Clarias batrachus after chronic exposure. Diazinon was administered at predefined exposure doses (0.64 and 1.28 mg/L) and monitored at 15, 30, and 45 days into the investigation. Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant inverse relationship between variables (mea...