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Papers by Sidiqullah Sahel
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 25, 2022
Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government was establis... more Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government was established through the Bonn conference in December 2001. The conference was held with the active intervention of the US and the UN, which distributed the power amongst different ethnic groups of the country, followed by the promulgation of a democratic constitution in 2004 by the "Loya Jirga" in Kabul. The new constitution proclaimed Afghanistan as a sovereign, Islamic Republic-where the state's legitimacy would be achieved through a universal adult franchise, and the state would ensure the fundamental rights of the citizens. But, despite all these efforts, democracy could not consolidate in the country, consequently, the Taliban returned to power after 20 years of war. Does the paper explain what led to the failure of democracy in Afghanistan? And what type of government can best suit Afghan society? The paper finds out that establishing western style strong centralized democracy and power sharing on an ethnic basis in the Bonn conference led to the marginalization of religious and tribal authwhichty, who used to enjoy leverage in provinces. Also, the centralization of power resulted in corrupting government officials, which led to a widening gap between the state and society, and weakened the government institutions. As a result, the Taliban after a peace agreement with US on 29 th February 2020, captured power in Kabul on 15 th August 2021. The paper finds out that formulating a decentralized authority, with a mixed type of sovereignty, and aligning democratic principles with religious and tribal authority is the most feasible form of government for Afghanistan. According to Islamic scholars, there is compatibility between Islam and democracy, because Islam believes in consultation and Bay'a in state formation, and these tenets of Islam are similar to the core values of democracy namely representation, freedom of expression and election.
Kardan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government was establis... more Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government was established through the Bonn conference in December 2001. The conference was held with the active intervention of the US and the UN, which distributed the power amongst different ethnic groups of the country, followed by the promulgation of a democratic constitution in 2004 by the “Loya Jirga” in Kabul. The new constitution proclaimed Afghanistan as a sovereign, Islamic Republic-where the state’s legitimacy would be achieved through a universal adult franchise, and the state would ensure the fundamental rights of the citizens. But, despite all these efforts, democracy could not consolidate in the country, consequently, the Taliban returned to power after 20 years of war. Does the paper explain what led to the failure of democracy in Afghanistan? And what type of government can best suit Afghan society? The paper finds out that establishing western style strong centralized democracy and power sha...
Kardan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020
It has been 19 years of September 11 tragedy, in response United States waged a war against perpe... more It has been 19 years of September 11 tragedy, in response United States waged a war against perpetrators. The country with some NATO member countries took the lead in war against terror, and started Operation enduring freedom on 7th October 2001, to topple the Taliban regime, and Eliminate terrorist organizations from its roots. For the purpose to be achieved, USA convened a conference in Bonn Germany, comprising All Jihadist groups, except Taliban and Hezbe Islami Hekmatyar, for formation of new administration and sharing power. Hamid Karzai was appointed as head of new interim administration in the conference on 5th December 2001, and gradually ISAF under NATO deployed around the country to suppress Taliban and Al-Qaeda forces. After 20 years of war in Afghanistan, USA could defeat neither international terrorism, nor Taliban militarily, but instead it exacerbated the security conditions of the country, and led to creation of a greater number of terrorist organizations. USA finally decided to withdraw all its forces from Afghanistan through an agreement signed between USA and Taliban on 29th February 2020. now the Question arises whether US has achieved what they wanted to? whether the country succeeded in statebuilding in Afghanistan? The paper finds out, that absence of unanimity and perfect policy regarding Taliban amongst Afghan statesmen and US is one of momentous reasons for prolonging Afghan war, and After crumbling the regime of Taliban, USA did not have any specific policy for state-building or rehabilitation in Afghanistan, instead their intention at that time was that of retaliation and counter-terrorism. also, continuous civilian casualties or collateral damage, reverberated peoples' optimistic attitude about USA, and absence of social justice widened the gap between government and citizens of the country, especially in peripheries, where Taliban recruited their guerrillas.
Kardan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 25, 2022
Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government was establis... more Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government was established through the Bonn conference in December 2001. The conference was held with the active intervention of the US and the UN, which distributed the power amongst different ethnic groups of the country, followed by the promulgation of a democratic constitution in 2004 by the "Loya Jirga" in Kabul. The new constitution proclaimed Afghanistan as a sovereign, Islamic Republic-where the state's legitimacy would be achieved through a universal adult franchise, and the state would ensure the fundamental rights of the citizens. But, despite all these efforts, democracy could not consolidate in the country, consequently, the Taliban returned to power after 20 years of war. Does the paper explain what led to the failure of democracy in Afghanistan? And what type of government can best suit Afghan society? The paper finds out that establishing western style strong centralized democracy and power sharing on an ethnic basis in the Bonn conference led to the marginalization of religious and tribal authwhichty, who used to enjoy leverage in provinces. Also, the centralization of power resulted in corrupting government officials, which led to a widening gap between the state and society, and weakened the government institutions. As a result, the Taliban after a peace agreement with US on 29 th February 2020, captured power in Kabul on 15 th August 2021. The paper finds out that formulating a decentralized authority, with a mixed type of sovereignty, and aligning democratic principles with religious and tribal authority is the most feasible form of government for Afghanistan. According to Islamic scholars, there is compatibility between Islam and democracy, because Islam believes in consultation and Bay'a in state formation, and these tenets of Islam are similar to the core values of democracy namely representation, freedom of expression and election.
Kardan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government was establis... more Post-9/11 incident the Taliban rule ended in Afghanistan and a democratic government was established through the Bonn conference in December 2001. The conference was held with the active intervention of the US and the UN, which distributed the power amongst different ethnic groups of the country, followed by the promulgation of a democratic constitution in 2004 by the “Loya Jirga” in Kabul. The new constitution proclaimed Afghanistan as a sovereign, Islamic Republic-where the state’s legitimacy would be achieved through a universal adult franchise, and the state would ensure the fundamental rights of the citizens. But, despite all these efforts, democracy could not consolidate in the country, consequently, the Taliban returned to power after 20 years of war. Does the paper explain what led to the failure of democracy in Afghanistan? And what type of government can best suit Afghan society? The paper finds out that establishing western style strong centralized democracy and power sha...
Kardan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020
It has been 19 years of September 11 tragedy, in response United States waged a war against perpe... more It has been 19 years of September 11 tragedy, in response United States waged a war against perpetrators. The country with some NATO member countries took the lead in war against terror, and started Operation enduring freedom on 7th October 2001, to topple the Taliban regime, and Eliminate terrorist organizations from its roots. For the purpose to be achieved, USA convened a conference in Bonn Germany, comprising All Jihadist groups, except Taliban and Hezbe Islami Hekmatyar, for formation of new administration and sharing power. Hamid Karzai was appointed as head of new interim administration in the conference on 5th December 2001, and gradually ISAF under NATO deployed around the country to suppress Taliban and Al-Qaeda forces. After 20 years of war in Afghanistan, USA could defeat neither international terrorism, nor Taliban militarily, but instead it exacerbated the security conditions of the country, and led to creation of a greater number of terrorist organizations. USA finally decided to withdraw all its forces from Afghanistan through an agreement signed between USA and Taliban on 29th February 2020. now the Question arises whether US has achieved what they wanted to? whether the country succeeded in statebuilding in Afghanistan? The paper finds out, that absence of unanimity and perfect policy regarding Taliban amongst Afghan statesmen and US is one of momentous reasons for prolonging Afghan war, and After crumbling the regime of Taliban, USA did not have any specific policy for state-building or rehabilitation in Afghanistan, instead their intention at that time was that of retaliation and counter-terrorism. also, continuous civilian casualties or collateral damage, reverberated peoples' optimistic attitude about USA, and absence of social justice widened the gap between government and citizens of the country, especially in peripheries, where Taliban recruited their guerrillas.
Kardan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019