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Research paper thumbnail of Special Education Today in South Africa

Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks, Sep 16, 2014

The chapter on special education in South Africa initiates with a very comprehensive historical a... more The chapter on special education in South Africa initiates with a very comprehensive historical account of the origins of special education making reference to the inequalities linked to its colonial and racist past to a democratic society. This intriguing section ends with the most recent development in the new democracy form special needs education to inclusive education. Next, the chapter provides prevalence and incidence data followed by trends in legislation and litigation. Following these sections, detailed educational interventions are discussed in terms of policies, standards and research as well as working with families. Then information is provided on regular and special education teacher roles, expectations and training. Lastly, the chapter comprehensively discusses South Africa’s special education progress and challenges related to budgetary support, staff turnover, and a lack of prioritizing over the number of pressing education goals in the country’s provinces.

Research paper thumbnail of Changing Consciousness

Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks, Sep 13, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of The Possibilities of Blended Learning to Resolve the Education Crisis

IGI Global eBooks, 2022

This chapter has argued that the blended learning model can be a panacea for addressing the serio... more This chapter has argued that the blended learning model can be a panacea for addressing the serious challenges facing education authorities universally. Whilst it offers many pedagogical insights and tremendous pedagogical value based on several studies, it fails to provide equal opportunity and economic freedoms, thus leaving the majority of vulnerable children in the world marginalized. The chapter has made a case for a blended schooling system instead of a traditional model which is extremely expensive. The trends of the practices of blended learning were analyzed, and it was found that most of the studies defined blended learning from the point of view of its online and traditional elements without considering pedagogy. These studies suggested using new methods of learning and teaching in online technologies to implement blended learning to K-12 students. The authors also proposed a conceptual inclusive blended learning model to reduce digital inequality and which is one of the ways most children in the world can gain access to the mainstream economy and social life.

Research paper thumbnail of History of Special Education in South Africa and the Challenges of Inclusive Education

Altering a dual system of education (special and ordinary) in South Africa to an inclusive system... more Altering a dual system of education (special and ordinary) in South Africa to an inclusive system requires substantial change in terms of thinking and practice. After almost 20 years of implementing Education White Paper 6 (published by South Africa’s Department of Education in 2001), it is very important that theories, assumptions, practices, models, and tools are put under intense scrutiny for such an inclusive policy to work. Such a single system of education should develop the capacity to address barriers to learning if it wants to include all learners into the system. What are the main barriers that deprive learners from access to a single system of education and what changes should take place so that a truly inclusive system can be created? South Africa introduced seven white papers in education but all of them were implemented in ways that were not entirely influenced by the theory and practice of inclusive education. Inclusive education requires the system to change at a structural level so that mainstream education takes ownership of the ideology and practice of inclusive education. This change should bring about consistency in relation to other white papers; for example, curriculum development, early childhood education, and adult education. In implementing inclusive education, South Africa did not take seriously the various barriers to inclusion, such as curriculum, in providing access to learners who experience difficulties. Thus, an in-depth analysis of the history of special education is provided, with a view toward specifying recommendations for attempts to create the right conditions for a truly inclusive system of education in South Africa.

Research paper thumbnail of From Policy to Practice: A South-African Perspective on Implementing Inclusive Education Policy

International Journal of Whole Schooling, Mar 1, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Developing an Education Planning Tool to Create the Conditions for Social Justice in a Global Village

Research paper thumbnail of Towards an inclusive pedagogy in South Africa

The journal of quality in education, Dec 12, 2018

Very little has been done concerning mass education since it was introduced for working class chi... more Very little has been done concerning mass education since it was introduced for working class children in developing and poor countries. Bowles and Gintis (1976) warned us that schools reproduce the status quo.

Research paper thumbnail of The Need for a Radical Restructuring of Specialized Education in the New South Africa

British Journal of Special Education, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of South Africa: The need for a radical restructuring of specialized education in the new South Africa

British Journal of Special Education, May 31, 2007

Cape, provides an analysis of specialized education after one year of the first democratic govern... more Cape, provides an analysis of specialized education after one year of the first democratic government in South Africa.

Research paper thumbnail of De la retórica a la realidad: la educación inclusiva en Sudáfrica

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Apr 1, 1998

Inclusion has different meanings in every context, because it depends on ideological, political s... more Inclusion has different meanings in every context, because it depends on ideological, political social and economic circumstances where it develops.The South African context offers a singular case of inclusion because it is linked to tha challenge of education for all that means overcoming years of apartheid. After a short description of the past and the present of education in South Africa, this issue analyses the way in which it is possible to translate the rethoric of inclusion into reality, pointing out seven main considerations: 1) definition of inclusive education; 2) legitimacy of inclusive education; 3) possible implications for teaching practices: 4) possible implications for special schools; 5) teacher training; 6) pedagogical practices and 7) legislation.

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive Education in South Africa and the Developing World

Research paper thumbnail of The Possiblities Offered by Inclusive Education in Addressing the Challenges of Urban Education

Springer international handbooks of education, 2017

Like most developing countries and some contexts in developed countries, despite innovative and i... more Like most developing countries and some contexts in developed countries, despite innovative and imaginative policy interventions, South Africa’s urban education challenges are concerned with class, race and disability. With more than 20 years of democratic government, global economics, local policy implementation challenges and historical inequalities have created complex educational complexities for South Africa. The combination of these variables has impacted significantly on literacy and numeracy results, throughput rates, placement and support of children who experience barriers to learning as well as overall performance of the system. This paper contends that the ideology of inclusive education and practical interventions can create the conditions for success. This chapter argues that dual system thinking and practices should be replaced by an inclusive approach using barriers to learning as a framework for thinking. In transforming systems from special to inclusive education short shrift is paid to the development of a truly inclusive system. Often, old special education sections are responsible for the transformation resulting in separate systems mainstream and inclusive education remaining intact. It is important that theories, structures and practices change. Inclusive education thinking and practices should be at the centre of transformation not in within traditional special education components but within the central component of education thinking and practice. Inclusive education ideology must impact on every facet of thinking and practice for an education system to become truly inclusive. The result of relying on old special education sections to realize the transformation results in two systems competing with one another. This paper views inclusive education ideology and practices as crucial for creating a pedagogy of success. South Africa requires a pedagogy of success and that lies in developing an inclusive education system through changes in theory, assumptions and practices.

Research paper thumbnail of Local Commitment and Global Reach: Advancing Sustainable Capacity Building in Higher Education

World, Oct 1, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of The History of Special Education and the Challenges for Inclusive Education

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: rhetoric or reality in Botswana, E-Swatini, Ethiopia, South Africa and Tanzania?

Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Apr 14, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive Education in South Africa and the Developing World: The Search for an Inclusive Pedagogy

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated national disability strategy of the government of national unity: the challenge ahead

Research paper thumbnail of From Special Education to an Inclusive, Outcomes-Based System

Research paper thumbnail of Practical Recommendations for Developing an Inclusive Education System

Research paper thumbnail of Special Education Today in South Africa

Advances in special education, Sep 16, 2014

The chapter on special education in South Africa initiates with a very comprehensive historical a... more The chapter on special education in South Africa initiates with a very comprehensive historical account of the origins of special education making reference to the inequalities linked to its colonial and racist past to a democratic society. This intriguing section ends with the most recent development in the new democracy form special needs education to inclusive education. Next, the chapter provides prevalence and incidence data followed by trends in legislation and litigation. Following these sections, detailed educational interventions are discussed in terms of policies, standards and research as well as working with families. Then information is provided on regular and special education teacher roles, expectations and training. Lastly, the chapter comprehensively discusses South Africa’s special education progress and challenges related to budgetary support, staff turnover, and a lack of prioritizing over the number of pressing education goals in the country’s provinces.

Research paper thumbnail of Special Education Today in South Africa

Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks, Sep 16, 2014

The chapter on special education in South Africa initiates with a very comprehensive historical a... more The chapter on special education in South Africa initiates with a very comprehensive historical account of the origins of special education making reference to the inequalities linked to its colonial and racist past to a democratic society. This intriguing section ends with the most recent development in the new democracy form special needs education to inclusive education. Next, the chapter provides prevalence and incidence data followed by trends in legislation and litigation. Following these sections, detailed educational interventions are discussed in terms of policies, standards and research as well as working with families. Then information is provided on regular and special education teacher roles, expectations and training. Lastly, the chapter comprehensively discusses South Africa’s special education progress and challenges related to budgetary support, staff turnover, and a lack of prioritizing over the number of pressing education goals in the country’s provinces.

Research paper thumbnail of Changing Consciousness

Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks, Sep 13, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of The Possibilities of Blended Learning to Resolve the Education Crisis

IGI Global eBooks, 2022

This chapter has argued that the blended learning model can be a panacea for addressing the serio... more This chapter has argued that the blended learning model can be a panacea for addressing the serious challenges facing education authorities universally. Whilst it offers many pedagogical insights and tremendous pedagogical value based on several studies, it fails to provide equal opportunity and economic freedoms, thus leaving the majority of vulnerable children in the world marginalized. The chapter has made a case for a blended schooling system instead of a traditional model which is extremely expensive. The trends of the practices of blended learning were analyzed, and it was found that most of the studies defined blended learning from the point of view of its online and traditional elements without considering pedagogy. These studies suggested using new methods of learning and teaching in online technologies to implement blended learning to K-12 students. The authors also proposed a conceptual inclusive blended learning model to reduce digital inequality and which is one of the ways most children in the world can gain access to the mainstream economy and social life.

Research paper thumbnail of History of Special Education in South Africa and the Challenges of Inclusive Education

Altering a dual system of education (special and ordinary) in South Africa to an inclusive system... more Altering a dual system of education (special and ordinary) in South Africa to an inclusive system requires substantial change in terms of thinking and practice. After almost 20 years of implementing Education White Paper 6 (published by South Africa’s Department of Education in 2001), it is very important that theories, assumptions, practices, models, and tools are put under intense scrutiny for such an inclusive policy to work. Such a single system of education should develop the capacity to address barriers to learning if it wants to include all learners into the system. What are the main barriers that deprive learners from access to a single system of education and what changes should take place so that a truly inclusive system can be created? South Africa introduced seven white papers in education but all of them were implemented in ways that were not entirely influenced by the theory and practice of inclusive education. Inclusive education requires the system to change at a structural level so that mainstream education takes ownership of the ideology and practice of inclusive education. This change should bring about consistency in relation to other white papers; for example, curriculum development, early childhood education, and adult education. In implementing inclusive education, South Africa did not take seriously the various barriers to inclusion, such as curriculum, in providing access to learners who experience difficulties. Thus, an in-depth analysis of the history of special education is provided, with a view toward specifying recommendations for attempts to create the right conditions for a truly inclusive system of education in South Africa.

Research paper thumbnail of From Policy to Practice: A South-African Perspective on Implementing Inclusive Education Policy

International Journal of Whole Schooling, Mar 1, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Developing an Education Planning Tool to Create the Conditions for Social Justice in a Global Village

Research paper thumbnail of Towards an inclusive pedagogy in South Africa

The journal of quality in education, Dec 12, 2018

Very little has been done concerning mass education since it was introduced for working class chi... more Very little has been done concerning mass education since it was introduced for working class children in developing and poor countries. Bowles and Gintis (1976) warned us that schools reproduce the status quo.

Research paper thumbnail of The Need for a Radical Restructuring of Specialized Education in the New South Africa

British Journal of Special Education, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of South Africa: The need for a radical restructuring of specialized education in the new South Africa

British Journal of Special Education, May 31, 2007

Cape, provides an analysis of specialized education after one year of the first democratic govern... more Cape, provides an analysis of specialized education after one year of the first democratic government in South Africa.

Research paper thumbnail of De la retórica a la realidad: la educación inclusiva en Sudáfrica

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Apr 1, 1998

Inclusion has different meanings in every context, because it depends on ideological, political s... more Inclusion has different meanings in every context, because it depends on ideological, political social and economic circumstances where it develops.The South African context offers a singular case of inclusion because it is linked to tha challenge of education for all that means overcoming years of apartheid. After a short description of the past and the present of education in South Africa, this issue analyses the way in which it is possible to translate the rethoric of inclusion into reality, pointing out seven main considerations: 1) definition of inclusive education; 2) legitimacy of inclusive education; 3) possible implications for teaching practices: 4) possible implications for special schools; 5) teacher training; 6) pedagogical practices and 7) legislation.

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive Education in South Africa and the Developing World

Research paper thumbnail of The Possiblities Offered by Inclusive Education in Addressing the Challenges of Urban Education

Springer international handbooks of education, 2017

Like most developing countries and some contexts in developed countries, despite innovative and i... more Like most developing countries and some contexts in developed countries, despite innovative and imaginative policy interventions, South Africa’s urban education challenges are concerned with class, race and disability. With more than 20 years of democratic government, global economics, local policy implementation challenges and historical inequalities have created complex educational complexities for South Africa. The combination of these variables has impacted significantly on literacy and numeracy results, throughput rates, placement and support of children who experience barriers to learning as well as overall performance of the system. This paper contends that the ideology of inclusive education and practical interventions can create the conditions for success. This chapter argues that dual system thinking and practices should be replaced by an inclusive approach using barriers to learning as a framework for thinking. In transforming systems from special to inclusive education short shrift is paid to the development of a truly inclusive system. Often, old special education sections are responsible for the transformation resulting in separate systems mainstream and inclusive education remaining intact. It is important that theories, structures and practices change. Inclusive education thinking and practices should be at the centre of transformation not in within traditional special education components but within the central component of education thinking and practice. Inclusive education ideology must impact on every facet of thinking and practice for an education system to become truly inclusive. The result of relying on old special education sections to realize the transformation results in two systems competing with one another. This paper views inclusive education ideology and practices as crucial for creating a pedagogy of success. South Africa requires a pedagogy of success and that lies in developing an inclusive education system through changes in theory, assumptions and practices.

Research paper thumbnail of Local Commitment and Global Reach: Advancing Sustainable Capacity Building in Higher Education

World, Oct 1, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of The History of Special Education and the Challenges for Inclusive Education

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: rhetoric or reality in Botswana, E-Swatini, Ethiopia, South Africa and Tanzania?

Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Apr 14, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive Education in South Africa and the Developing World: The Search for an Inclusive Pedagogy

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated national disability strategy of the government of national unity: the challenge ahead

Research paper thumbnail of From Special Education to an Inclusive, Outcomes-Based System

Research paper thumbnail of Practical Recommendations for Developing an Inclusive Education System

Research paper thumbnail of Special Education Today in South Africa

Advances in special education, Sep 16, 2014

The chapter on special education in South Africa initiates with a very comprehensive historical a... more The chapter on special education in South Africa initiates with a very comprehensive historical account of the origins of special education making reference to the inequalities linked to its colonial and racist past to a democratic society. This intriguing section ends with the most recent development in the new democracy form special needs education to inclusive education. Next, the chapter provides prevalence and incidence data followed by trends in legislation and litigation. Following these sections, detailed educational interventions are discussed in terms of policies, standards and research as well as working with families. Then information is provided on regular and special education teacher roles, expectations and training. Lastly, the chapter comprehensively discusses South Africa’s special education progress and challenges related to budgetary support, staff turnover, and a lack of prioritizing over the number of pressing education goals in the country’s provinces.