Silvia Krumm - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Silvia Krumm
Qualitative Forschung in der Sozialpsychiatrie
German responses. (DOCX 15Â kb)
Dutch Crossing: Journal of Low Countries Studies, 2016
European Psychiatry
Background Public health measures to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates may have negative psychos... more Background Public health measures to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates may have negative psychosocial consequences in youth. Digital interventions may help to mitigate these effects. We investigated the associations between social isolation, COVID-19-related cognitive preoccupation, worries, and anxiety, objective social risk indicators, and psychological distress, as well as use of, and attitude toward, mobile health (mHealth) interventions in youth. Methods Data were collected as part of the “Mental Health And Innovation During COVID-19 Survey”—a cross-sectional panel study including a representative sample of individuals aged 16–25 years (N = 666; Mage = 21.3; assessment period: May 5, 2020 to May 16, 2020). Results Overall, 38% of youth met criteria for moderate or severe psychological distress. Social isolation worries and anxiety, and objective risk indicators were associated with psychological distress, with evidence of dose–response relationships for some of these associati...
European Psychiatry
Introduction/objectivesMental health problems were shown by different studies to be both: results... more Introduction/objectivesMental health problems were shown by different studies to be both: results of and risk factors for unemployment. However, unemployed people with mental health problems often have difficulties in finding and using mental health services and therefore do not benefit from therapies. Because unemployed individuals outside the healthcare system are a hard-to-reach group, barriers to but also facilities for mental health services are poorly understood.AimsThe aim of the study is to identify barriers and facilitators of help seeking and service use, based on experiences of unemployed people with mental health strains.MethodsWe conducted 15 qualitative semi-structured interviews with unemployed individuals, facing self-reported mental health problems or mental illness. Topics included individual experiences with help-seeking and mental health service use, with a focus on barriers and facilitators. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were a...
Gemeinsame Jahrestagung – der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie e.V. (DGEpi), – der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Soziologie e.V. (DGMS) und – der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention e.V. (DGSMP)
Psychiatrische Praxis, 2014
Psychiatrische Praxis
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Eine psychische Erkrankung erhöht das Risiko einer Viktimisierung im ... more Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Eine psychische Erkrankung erhöht das Risiko einer Viktimisierung im Erwachsenenalter. Das Thema wird in der psychiatrischen Versorgung und Forschung in Deutschland allerdings kaum thematisiert bzw. untersucht. Methode Systematische Literaturübersicht zu Prävalenzen von Viktimisierung im Erwachsenenalter. Vorstellung und Einordnung von Risikofaktoren in theoretische Konzepte sowie von Befunden zu Offenlegung. Ergebnisse Internationale Befunde belegen übereinstimmend ein hohes Viktimisierungsrisiko im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung. Zentrale Risikofaktoren sind Psychopathologie, Alkohol- bzw. Substanzkonsum, eigene Gewalttätigkeit, frühere Gewalterfahrungen und soziale Faktoren. Gewalterfahrungen werden unzureichend offengelegt. Diskussion Präventive und interventive Maßnahmen müssen auf individueller, versorgungsbezogener und gesellschaftlicher Ebene ansetzen. Forschungsbedarf besteht hinsichtlich repräsentativer Prävalenzdaten für Deutschland, der Of...
Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Background: Many studies indicate that men are more reluctant to seek help for mental health prob... more Background: Many studies indicate that men are more reluctant to seek help for mental health problems than women. Traditional ideas of masculinity are often seen as a cause of this phenomenon. However, little is known about the diversity of experiences during the processes of help-seeking and service use among men with depression who have already utilized mental health services. This study aims to explore men's experiences and attitudes toward depression, help-seeking, and service use in order to develop gender-sensitive services.Methods: Narrative-biographical interviews were conducted with men treated for depression (n = 12). Interview topics included individual experience with depression, help-seeking behavior, and mental health service use. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Before seeking treatment, men's help-seeking behavior was negatively affected by internalized masculine norms. However, findings indicate a change of attitudes towa...
Psychiatrische Praxis
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Befragung psychiatrischer Fachkräfte zu geschlechtsspezifischen B... more Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Befragung psychiatrischer Fachkräfte zu geschlechtsspezifischen Bedarfen depressiver Männer und Behandlungsziele für die stationäre Versorgung. Methodik Semistrukturierte Interviews. Ergebnisse Männergruppen ermöglichen die Reflexion von Geschlechtsrollenerwartungen. Aktivitätsbezogene Angebote helfen betroffenen Männern, ihre Leistungsfähigkeit einzuschätzen und bieten Erfolgserlebnisse. Sie sind im Behandlungsspektrum unzureichend abgebildet. Schlussfolgerung Die Bedeutung normativer Rollenerwartungen sollte in der Ausbildung psychiatrischer Fachkräfte berücksichtigt werden.
BMC Psychiatry
Background: The underestimation of depression among men may result from atypical depression sympt... more Background: The underestimation of depression among men may result from atypical depression symptoms and male help-seeking behaviour. However, higher suicide rates among men than among women indicate a need for gender-specific services for men with depression. In order to develop gender-specific services, it is essential to examine professionals' attitudes towards men's depressive symptoms and treatment needs as well as barriers to and facilitators of treatment. This study examined gender-specific treatment needs in male patients and treatment approaches to male patients from a professional perspective. Methods: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 33 mental health professionals (MHPs) from five German psychiatric institutions. The study assessed the characteristics and attributes of male patients with depression risk factors for the development of depression among men, their condition at the beginning of treatment, male patients' depressive symptoms, the needs and expectations of male patients, the importance of social networks in a mental health context, and MHPs' treatment aims and treatment methods. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The professionals' reference group of male patients were men who were characterised in accordance with traditional masculinity. Attributes reported as in line with this type of men were late initiations of inpatient treatment after crisis, suicidal ideation or attempted suicide, and high expectations towards treatment duration, success rate in recovery and therapeutic sessions. In contrast, male patients who deviate from these patterns were partially described with reference to female stereotypes. Professionals referred to psychosocial models in their explanations of the causes of depression and provided sociological explanations for the development of masculine ideals among men. The consequences of these for treatment were discussed against the background of normative expectations regarding the male gender. From the professionals' point of view, psychoeducation and the acceptance of depression (as a widespread mental illness) were the most important goals in mental health treatment.
Background: Peer support is an established intervention involving a person recovering from mental... more Background: Peer support is an established intervention involving a person recovering from mental illness to support others with mental illness.. Peers are an under-used resource in global mental health. Building upon comprehensive formative research, this study will rigorously evaluate the impact of peer support at multiple levels, including: service user outcomes (psychosocial and clinical); peer support worker outcomes (work role, empowerment); service outcomes (cost-effectiveness, return on investment); and implementation outcomes (adoption, sustainability, organisational change). Methods: UPSIDES-RCT is a pragmatic parallel-group multi-centre randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of UPSIDES at four measurement points over one year (baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up), with embedded process evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis. Research will take place in a range of high-, middle- and low-income countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Israel, India, Uga...
Psychiatrische Praxis
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Analyse der Bedeutung von männlichkeits- und berufsrollenbezogene... more Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Analyse der Bedeutung von männlichkeits- und berufsrollenbezogenen Orientierungsmustern für Krankheitstheorien und Bewältigung bei depressiv erkrankten Männern. Methodik Rekonstruktive Auswertung biografisch-narrativer Interviews von 12 Männern mit depressiver Erkrankung. Ergebnisse Die berufsrollenbezogene Orientierung wird generell als Ursache der depressiven Erkrankung genannt. Gleichzeitig zeigen sich Unterschiede im Verständnis sowie in der Bewältigung der depressiven Erkrankung. Während ein Teil der Befragten trotz der berufsbedingten Krisenerfahrung an der beruflichen Orientierung festhält, nutzen andere die Depression als Chance zur Veränderung gesundheitsschädlicher Lebens- und Arbeitsentwürfe. Schlussfolgerung Prioritäten in Bezug auf Arbeits- und Lebensentwürfe und deren Bedeutung für die Krankheitsbewältigung sollten in der Behandlung thematisiert werden.
International journal of mental health nursing, 2018
Mental health professionals (MHPs) are in a central position to provide support for mental health... more Mental health professionals (MHPs) are in a central position to provide support for mental health service users (MHSUs) in regard to parental needs, from preconception to caring for children. This study aims to examine whether mental health nurses and psychiatrists regard the issue of having children and being a parent as relevant to be considered in a clinical setting, how they describe the MHPs' roles and responsibilities in this regard, and to what extent they feel willing and able to fulfil these demands. A qualitative approach was undertaken by conducting four focus groups with 30 MHPs (15 nurses and 15 psychiatrists) within an inpatient mental health service in south Germany. We found that MHPs generally acknowledged the importance of parenting issues for psychiatric treatment. However, they assessed the talks between MHPs and MHSUs about parenting as less relevant in routine practice; the issue of the desire for children in particular was seen as generally not important. ...
Death studies, Jan 14, 2018
Among people with mental illness, stigma experiences can increase suicidality, and suicidality it... more Among people with mental illness, stigma experiences can increase suicidality, and suicidality itself is associated with negative stereotypes. Suicide attempt survivors experience both mental illness stigma and suicide stigma, which could contribute to their increased risk for completed suicide. We interviewed 13 suicide attempt survivors regarding experiences and consequences of stigma and identified five stigma-related themes. Stigma led to substantial emotional strain, including loneliness and hopelessness, which are important precursors of suicidality. Our findings suggest that both mental illness stigma and suicide stigma can contribute to suicidality among people with mental illness in general, and in suicide attempt survivors specifically.
Psychiatrische Praxis, Mar 13, 2017
Background Although adult victimization among psychiatric patients is frequent, the subject is ne... more Background Although adult victimization among psychiatric patients is frequent, the subject is neglected within the mental health service literature in Germany. Methods Systematic review on adult victimization prevalences, introduction of risk factors and discussion against theoretical concepts and findings on disclosure of victimization. Results International studies consistently indicate high adult victimization risks compared to general population. Risk factors include psychopathology, substance abuse, (former) experiences of violence, and a lack of social integration. Disclosure of victimization is hindered by several barriers. Conclusions Preventive and interventive measures should be provided at individual, service, and societal level. More research is needed regarding prevalences for German user populations, disclosure within (mental) health services, and situational, interactive and sociocultural factors of victimization.
Psychiatrische Praxis
Objective Therapists' and patients' concepts of illness often sho... more Objective Therapists' and patients' concepts of illness often show severe discrepancies. This study explores the illness concepts of patients with schizophrenic disorders (n = 40). Methods Two German scales were used, the "Causal Belief Questionnaire" and the "Illness Concept Scale for Schizophrenic Patients". We compared our data with data published previously. A semi structured interview was performed in a convenience sample (n = 7). Results The domains "trust in medication" and "trust in the treating physician" yielded high scores, yet in comparison with data published 30 years ago, trust in medication is unaltered, while trust in psychiatrists is even slightly lower. Recent psychosocial factors scored high as a possible cause of mental illness. Several patients felt responsible for being mentally ill. No patient in the interview mentioned the neurotransmitter hypothesis of schizophrenia. Conclusion Illness concepts of patients with schizophrenic disorders are a complex phenomenon. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods proves to be a promising approach for future studies.
Qualitative Forschung in der Sozialpsychiatrie
German responses. (DOCX 15Â kb)
Dutch Crossing: Journal of Low Countries Studies, 2016
European Psychiatry
Background Public health measures to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates may have negative psychos... more Background Public health measures to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates may have negative psychosocial consequences in youth. Digital interventions may help to mitigate these effects. We investigated the associations between social isolation, COVID-19-related cognitive preoccupation, worries, and anxiety, objective social risk indicators, and psychological distress, as well as use of, and attitude toward, mobile health (mHealth) interventions in youth. Methods Data were collected as part of the “Mental Health And Innovation During COVID-19 Survey”—a cross-sectional panel study including a representative sample of individuals aged 16–25 years (N = 666; Mage = 21.3; assessment period: May 5, 2020 to May 16, 2020). Results Overall, 38% of youth met criteria for moderate or severe psychological distress. Social isolation worries and anxiety, and objective risk indicators were associated with psychological distress, with evidence of dose–response relationships for some of these associati...
European Psychiatry
Introduction/objectivesMental health problems were shown by different studies to be both: results... more Introduction/objectivesMental health problems were shown by different studies to be both: results of and risk factors for unemployment. However, unemployed people with mental health problems often have difficulties in finding and using mental health services and therefore do not benefit from therapies. Because unemployed individuals outside the healthcare system are a hard-to-reach group, barriers to but also facilities for mental health services are poorly understood.AimsThe aim of the study is to identify barriers and facilitators of help seeking and service use, based on experiences of unemployed people with mental health strains.MethodsWe conducted 15 qualitative semi-structured interviews with unemployed individuals, facing self-reported mental health problems or mental illness. Topics included individual experiences with help-seeking and mental health service use, with a focus on barriers and facilitators. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were a...
Gemeinsame Jahrestagung – der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie e.V. (DGEpi), – der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Soziologie e.V. (DGMS) und – der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention e.V. (DGSMP)
Psychiatrische Praxis, 2014
Psychiatrische Praxis
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Eine psychische Erkrankung erhöht das Risiko einer Viktimisierung im ... more Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Eine psychische Erkrankung erhöht das Risiko einer Viktimisierung im Erwachsenenalter. Das Thema wird in der psychiatrischen Versorgung und Forschung in Deutschland allerdings kaum thematisiert bzw. untersucht. Methode Systematische Literaturübersicht zu Prävalenzen von Viktimisierung im Erwachsenenalter. Vorstellung und Einordnung von Risikofaktoren in theoretische Konzepte sowie von Befunden zu Offenlegung. Ergebnisse Internationale Befunde belegen übereinstimmend ein hohes Viktimisierungsrisiko im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung. Zentrale Risikofaktoren sind Psychopathologie, Alkohol- bzw. Substanzkonsum, eigene Gewalttätigkeit, frühere Gewalterfahrungen und soziale Faktoren. Gewalterfahrungen werden unzureichend offengelegt. Diskussion Präventive und interventive Maßnahmen müssen auf individueller, versorgungsbezogener und gesellschaftlicher Ebene ansetzen. Forschungsbedarf besteht hinsichtlich repräsentativer Prävalenzdaten für Deutschland, der Of...
Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Background: Many studies indicate that men are more reluctant to seek help for mental health prob... more Background: Many studies indicate that men are more reluctant to seek help for mental health problems than women. Traditional ideas of masculinity are often seen as a cause of this phenomenon. However, little is known about the diversity of experiences during the processes of help-seeking and service use among men with depression who have already utilized mental health services. This study aims to explore men's experiences and attitudes toward depression, help-seeking, and service use in order to develop gender-sensitive services.Methods: Narrative-biographical interviews were conducted with men treated for depression (n = 12). Interview topics included individual experience with depression, help-seeking behavior, and mental health service use. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Before seeking treatment, men's help-seeking behavior was negatively affected by internalized masculine norms. However, findings indicate a change of attitudes towa...
Psychiatrische Praxis
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Befragung psychiatrischer Fachkräfte zu geschlechtsspezifischen B... more Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Befragung psychiatrischer Fachkräfte zu geschlechtsspezifischen Bedarfen depressiver Männer und Behandlungsziele für die stationäre Versorgung. Methodik Semistrukturierte Interviews. Ergebnisse Männergruppen ermöglichen die Reflexion von Geschlechtsrollenerwartungen. Aktivitätsbezogene Angebote helfen betroffenen Männern, ihre Leistungsfähigkeit einzuschätzen und bieten Erfolgserlebnisse. Sie sind im Behandlungsspektrum unzureichend abgebildet. Schlussfolgerung Die Bedeutung normativer Rollenerwartungen sollte in der Ausbildung psychiatrischer Fachkräfte berücksichtigt werden.
BMC Psychiatry
Background: The underestimation of depression among men may result from atypical depression sympt... more Background: The underestimation of depression among men may result from atypical depression symptoms and male help-seeking behaviour. However, higher suicide rates among men than among women indicate a need for gender-specific services for men with depression. In order to develop gender-specific services, it is essential to examine professionals' attitudes towards men's depressive symptoms and treatment needs as well as barriers to and facilitators of treatment. This study examined gender-specific treatment needs in male patients and treatment approaches to male patients from a professional perspective. Methods: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 33 mental health professionals (MHPs) from five German psychiatric institutions. The study assessed the characteristics and attributes of male patients with depression risk factors for the development of depression among men, their condition at the beginning of treatment, male patients' depressive symptoms, the needs and expectations of male patients, the importance of social networks in a mental health context, and MHPs' treatment aims and treatment methods. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The professionals' reference group of male patients were men who were characterised in accordance with traditional masculinity. Attributes reported as in line with this type of men were late initiations of inpatient treatment after crisis, suicidal ideation or attempted suicide, and high expectations towards treatment duration, success rate in recovery and therapeutic sessions. In contrast, male patients who deviate from these patterns were partially described with reference to female stereotypes. Professionals referred to psychosocial models in their explanations of the causes of depression and provided sociological explanations for the development of masculine ideals among men. The consequences of these for treatment were discussed against the background of normative expectations regarding the male gender. From the professionals' point of view, psychoeducation and the acceptance of depression (as a widespread mental illness) were the most important goals in mental health treatment.
Background: Peer support is an established intervention involving a person recovering from mental... more Background: Peer support is an established intervention involving a person recovering from mental illness to support others with mental illness.. Peers are an under-used resource in global mental health. Building upon comprehensive formative research, this study will rigorously evaluate the impact of peer support at multiple levels, including: service user outcomes (psychosocial and clinical); peer support worker outcomes (work role, empowerment); service outcomes (cost-effectiveness, return on investment); and implementation outcomes (adoption, sustainability, organisational change). Methods: UPSIDES-RCT is a pragmatic parallel-group multi-centre randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of UPSIDES at four measurement points over one year (baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up), with embedded process evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis. Research will take place in a range of high-, middle- and low-income countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Israel, India, Uga...
Psychiatrische Praxis
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Analyse der Bedeutung von männlichkeits- und berufsrollenbezogene... more Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Analyse der Bedeutung von männlichkeits- und berufsrollenbezogenen Orientierungsmustern für Krankheitstheorien und Bewältigung bei depressiv erkrankten Männern. Methodik Rekonstruktive Auswertung biografisch-narrativer Interviews von 12 Männern mit depressiver Erkrankung. Ergebnisse Die berufsrollenbezogene Orientierung wird generell als Ursache der depressiven Erkrankung genannt. Gleichzeitig zeigen sich Unterschiede im Verständnis sowie in der Bewältigung der depressiven Erkrankung. Während ein Teil der Befragten trotz der berufsbedingten Krisenerfahrung an der beruflichen Orientierung festhält, nutzen andere die Depression als Chance zur Veränderung gesundheitsschädlicher Lebens- und Arbeitsentwürfe. Schlussfolgerung Prioritäten in Bezug auf Arbeits- und Lebensentwürfe und deren Bedeutung für die Krankheitsbewältigung sollten in der Behandlung thematisiert werden.
International journal of mental health nursing, 2018
Mental health professionals (MHPs) are in a central position to provide support for mental health... more Mental health professionals (MHPs) are in a central position to provide support for mental health service users (MHSUs) in regard to parental needs, from preconception to caring for children. This study aims to examine whether mental health nurses and psychiatrists regard the issue of having children and being a parent as relevant to be considered in a clinical setting, how they describe the MHPs' roles and responsibilities in this regard, and to what extent they feel willing and able to fulfil these demands. A qualitative approach was undertaken by conducting four focus groups with 30 MHPs (15 nurses and 15 psychiatrists) within an inpatient mental health service in south Germany. We found that MHPs generally acknowledged the importance of parenting issues for psychiatric treatment. However, they assessed the talks between MHPs and MHSUs about parenting as less relevant in routine practice; the issue of the desire for children in particular was seen as generally not important. ...
Death studies, Jan 14, 2018
Among people with mental illness, stigma experiences can increase suicidality, and suicidality it... more Among people with mental illness, stigma experiences can increase suicidality, and suicidality itself is associated with negative stereotypes. Suicide attempt survivors experience both mental illness stigma and suicide stigma, which could contribute to their increased risk for completed suicide. We interviewed 13 suicide attempt survivors regarding experiences and consequences of stigma and identified five stigma-related themes. Stigma led to substantial emotional strain, including loneliness and hopelessness, which are important precursors of suicidality. Our findings suggest that both mental illness stigma and suicide stigma can contribute to suicidality among people with mental illness in general, and in suicide attempt survivors specifically.
Psychiatrische Praxis, Mar 13, 2017
Background Although adult victimization among psychiatric patients is frequent, the subject is ne... more Background Although adult victimization among psychiatric patients is frequent, the subject is neglected within the mental health service literature in Germany. Methods Systematic review on adult victimization prevalences, introduction of risk factors and discussion against theoretical concepts and findings on disclosure of victimization. Results International studies consistently indicate high adult victimization risks compared to general population. Risk factors include psychopathology, substance abuse, (former) experiences of violence, and a lack of social integration. Disclosure of victimization is hindered by several barriers. Conclusions Preventive and interventive measures should be provided at individual, service, and societal level. More research is needed regarding prevalences for German user populations, disclosure within (mental) health services, and situational, interactive and sociocultural factors of victimization.
Psychiatrische Praxis
Objective Therapists' and patients' concepts of illness often sho... more Objective Therapists' and patients' concepts of illness often show severe discrepancies. This study explores the illness concepts of patients with schizophrenic disorders (n = 40). Methods Two German scales were used, the "Causal Belief Questionnaire" and the "Illness Concept Scale for Schizophrenic Patients". We compared our data with data published previously. A semi structured interview was performed in a convenience sample (n = 7). Results The domains "trust in medication" and "trust in the treating physician" yielded high scores, yet in comparison with data published 30 years ago, trust in medication is unaltered, while trust in psychiatrists is even slightly lower. Recent psychosocial factors scored high as a possible cause of mental illness. Several patients felt responsible for being mentally ill. No patient in the interview mentioned the neurotransmitter hypothesis of schizophrenia. Conclusion Illness concepts of patients with schizophrenic disorders are a complex phenomenon. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods proves to be a promising approach for future studies.