Silvia Mejia Arango - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Silvia Mejia Arango
Revista de Neurología, 1998
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of age, gender, socioeconomic sta... more INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), academic achievement (education), and type of occupation, on the performance of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) Spanish version. MATERIAL AND METHODS The BDAE was administered to a group of 156, 19 to 60 years old, occupationally active normal subjects. RESULTS A descriptive analysis showed that some subjects (1 to 3%) scored in the pathological range of the centiles and profiles of the BDAE. A MANOVA (p < 0.05) demonstrated a significant effect of education over most of the BDAE subtests. Females outperformed males on some reading and writing subtests. SES had an effect over body part identification and naming. Significant differences were observed between younger and middle age groups in confrontation naming, oral and word picture reading. The older group scored significantly lower than the younger group in serial writing and sentences to dictation. No differences were observed between the older and the middle groups. Only oral spelling was affected by the type of occupation but a significant interaction of occupation and level of education was found. CONCLUSIONS Language tests are influenced by demographic variables, particularly education. Normal variability on the BDAE should be considered when dealing with clinical populations.
Introduction: Every year, hundreds of thousands of Mexican migrants arrive at the Mexico- United ... more Introduction: Every year, hundreds of thousands of Mexican migrants arrive at the Mexico- United States (US) border, after being removed or returned by the US migration authorities. In Tijuana, a Mexican city across the border from California, returnees have become part of the homeless population, subsisting in conditions of limited access to health and social services. Objective: To characterize the physical and mental health profile, and access to health services of homeless returnees, and to compare it with the characteristics of persons with no migratory experience, among a homeless population in Tijuana. Methods: We conducted a survey in a temporary camp for returned migrants and homeless people in Tijuana in December 2013. Aiming to survey all persons sleeping in the camp during a 3 week period, and who had not answered to the survey before, we approached 460 persons, of which 435 (94.6%) agreed to respond. The questionnaire explored self-perceived health, previous diagnosis o...
International Journal of Neuroscience, 1998
One hundred and twenty-four male children ranging in age from seven to 12 years-old were selected... more One hundred and twenty-four male children ranging in age from seven to 12 years-old were selected. The sample was divided into two groups: (1) sixty-two with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children; and (2) sixty-two normal matched controls (N-ADHD). Three tests were individually administered: (I) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); (2) Verbal fluency and semantics (animals and fruits); and, (3) Picture Arrangement subtest of the WISC-R. For all the test scores, statistically significant differences were found between both ADHD and N-ADHD groups. Two separate factor analyses were performed, using the normal and ADHD groups. Four factors were found for the N-ADHD group, which accounted for 85.7% of the variance. The factor structure presented some similarities in both groups: Factor 2.3 and 4 in the control group corresponded to factors 1,2 and 3 in the ADHD group. Nonetheless. in the ADHD group Factor 1 (Abstraction and Flexibility Factor) was absent. Results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of executive dysfunction in children with ADHD.
International Journal of Neuroscience, 2000
Background There is growing recognition that violence and other forms of conduct problems increas... more Background There is growing recognition that violence and other forms of conduct problems increase diiring adolescence. The exact relationship between biological, psychological. and social variables has not been defined yet. Objectives To analyze whether Intelligence Quotients (IQS), neurological history, child behavioral problems, executive functions, and soft neurological signs (SNS) can differentiate between undisciplined and unreliable adolescents (Behavioral Dysregulation Disorder subjects, BDD) and normal controls. Method Twenty-five 13 to 16-year-olds, adolescents with BDD and 25 matched controls were used in this study. WISC-R, executive function assessment, neurological history, child behavioral problems, and SNS scores were analyzed using a Multivariate Analysis of Variant': (MANOVA). A Multiple Regression Stepwise with Criteria Probability of F Ana1ysi.j was used for predicting criteria variable variance. WISC-R. Verbal 1Q (VIQ), Information, Similarities, and Vocabulary subtests presented statistically significant differences between BDD and controls (p < ,001). No Performance IQ (PI@ variables established significant differences between both groups. Executive function scores did not detect significant differences between groups either. Prenatal. neonatal, and neurological history scores were similar between both groups. Two child behavioral problem variables were significantly different, with higher scores in BDD group: use of weapons and drug-use (p < .05). A Multiple Regression Stepwise (Criteria Probability of F < .05) model, entering the predictive variables in each domain Results *Our most sincere gratitude to Dr. Gerard0 Rodriguez, for his most valuable +Corresponding author.
Neurobiology of Aging, 2004
Social and Behavioral Research-Methods in Recruitment and Retention more) was used. For the purpo... more Social and Behavioral Research-Methods in Recruitment and Retention more) was used. For the purpose of determining which cognitive domains best discriminated subjects with cognitive impairment based on criterion 1 and 2, discriminant analysis under stepwise method for the selection of variables was used. Results: The weight of the different cognitive domains showed an homogenous pattern among surveys. Primary memory is the least discriminant cognitive domain, while orientation, attention and secondary verbal memory have more weight in discriminating cognitively impaired subjects. Discussion: Although different assessment instruments are used, similar results may be obtained with a percentilar distribution methodology. Criterion 1 and 2 showed different patterns of cognitive domain impairment related to the severity of cognitive impairment.
Journal of Aging and Health, 2006
Objectives: This study aims to compare the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older Mexican... more Objectives: This study aims to compare the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older Mexicans and Spanish-speaking U.S. immigrants. Methods: The relationship of cognitive impairment with social and demographic variables was explored using data from five different population based survey studies. Results: Prevalence rates increased with age, with low educational level, didn’t show a clear association with gender and decreased in married subjects. Estimates of cognitive and functional impairment combined are greater in the immigrant samples than those for Mexican residents. Primary memory measures are the least discriminative for cognitive impairment, whereas orientation, attention, and secondary verbal memory measures discriminate better. Discussion: Mexicans and Spanish-speaking USA immigrants have similar prevalence estimates of cognitive impairment. However, prevalence of functional impairment differs between Mexicans and immigrants because of measurement issues and cultural ...
![Research paper thumbnail of [Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for dementia in the Mexican elder population]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93674406/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Revista de neurologia, 2011
Diabetes and dementia are growing problems throughout the world and especially in developing coun... more Diabetes and dementia are growing problems throughout the world and especially in developing countries. To determine the risk of developing dementia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic elders free of dementia from the Mexican Health and Aging study, a prospective community-based cohort research were followed after two years. Socio-demographic factors, comorbid conditions and type of diabetes treatment were analyzed in subjects who become demented. At baseline, 749 participants (13.8%) had diabetes mellitus. During the follow-up period (mean: 2.02 years; range: 1-3 years), 306 of 749 persons with diabetes mellitus developed dementia, yielding a relative risk (RR) of 2.08 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 1.59-2.73). The effect was strongest in persons aged 80 years or older with a RR of 2.44 (95% CI = 1.46-4.08), men had a greater relative risk than women (RR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.46-3.49 vs. RR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.08-1.11) and subjects with low education (< 7 years o...
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 2014
Deportations from the Unites States (US) to Mexico increased substantially during the last decade... more Deportations from the Unites States (US) to Mexico increased substantially during the last decade. Considering deportation as a stressful event with potential consequences on mental health, we aimed to (1) estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among deported migrants; and (2) explore the association between migratory experience, social support and psychological variables, and CMD in this group. In repatriation points along the border, a probability sample of deportees responded to the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). The prevalence of CMD was 16.0 % (95 % CI 12.3, 20.6). There was a U-shaped association between time in the US and SRQ score. Times returned to Mexico, having a spouse in the US, number of persons in household, less social support, anxiety as a personality trait, and avoidant coping style were directly associated with SRQ score. Public health policies should address the need for mental health care among deported migrants.
Salud Pública de México, 2007
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of obesity and its association with socioeconomic factor... more Objective: To investigate the prevalence of obesity and its association with socioeconomic factors and comorbidities in a population-based study. Material and Methods: Data were examined from 4 605 persons ages 60 and older that participated in the 2001 Mexican Health and Aging Study, conducted in rural and urban communities in Mexico. The prevalence of obesity (according to self-reported weight and height) was obtained, stratified by age, and logistic regression was used to study cross-sectional associations between obesity and socioeconomic factors. Results: Of the population studied, 20.9% were classified as obese and the prevalence diminishes with age. Overall, women were more likely than men to be obese. Lower educational level was associated with lower risk of overweight. In both men and women, obesity was more common between subjects with hypertension (OR 1.38 and 1.71, respectively) and long-distance walk limitation (OR 2.08 and 2.21, respectively). Conclusion. In older Mexican adults, hypertension and long-distance walk limitation were independent associated factors for higher prevalence of obesity.
Salud Pública de México, 2007
Resumen Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de dolor y los factores asociados en dos muestras de ... more Resumen Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de dolor y los factores asociados en dos muestras de sujetos adultos: 50-64 años y mayores de 65 años. Material y métodos. Se analizaron las variables de autorreporte de dolor, factores sociodemográficos, funcionalidad, salud, depresión y cognición del Estudio Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México en su versión del año 2001(ENASEM 2001). Se obtuvo la prevalencia de dolor autorreportado y se analizó la asociación con las demás variables por medio del análisis de regresión logística. Resultados. La prevalencia es de 41.5%, más frecuente en mujeres (48.3% vs. 33.6%), con mayor prevalencia a mayor edad, y menor a mayor escolaridad. El dolor se asoció directamente con el reporte de artritis, enfermedad pulmonar, caídas, hipertensión, depresión, enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC) e historia de cáncer, así como con alteración en la funcionalidad. Conclusiones. El dolor es un problema frecuente entre los adultos mayores mexicanos y se asocia con un gran número de patologías diversas.
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2007
Objetivo. Identificar los factores asociados con la dependencia funcional de los adultos mayores ... more Objetivo. Identificar los factores asociados con la dependencia funcional de los adultos mayores para realizar actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) y actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD). Método. Estudio transversal de la información obtenida en la primera vuelta del Estudio Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México (ENASEM) en 2001. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 7 171 personas de 60 años o más. Mediante el análisis de regresión logística multifactorial se analizó la asociación de la dependencia funcional para realizar ABVD y AIVD con los hábitos de vida y los antecedentes personales sociales, familiares y de salud desde la infancia de los participantes. Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 69,4 ± 7,6 años (de 60 a 105 años); 53,4% eran mujeres. Los grupos de dependientes para realizar ABVD y AIVD tenían en promedio mayor edad (P < 0,01), en él predominaban las mujeres (P < 0,01) y había más personas analfabetas y que declararon haber tenido un número significativamente mayor de enfermedades crónicas y haber sufrido dolor con mayor frecuencia en los grupos de personas independientes (P < 0,01). Entre los 521 (7,3%) dependientes para realizar ABVD se observó una mayor proporción de personas sin pareja (P < 0,01), viudos (P < 0,01) y con una peor percepción de su salud que entre los independientes (P < 0,01). Seiscientos tres (8,4%) de los entrevistados eran dependientes para realizar AIVD. La mayor edad, padecer de enfermedad cerebrovascular, un mayor número de enfermedades crónicas, síntomas depresivos, deficiencia visual, dolores que limitan sus actividades diarias y tener algún miembro amputado resultaron ser factores significativa e independientemente asociados con la dependencia para realizar AIVD. Un menor número de problemas sociales durante la infancia y menos años de trabajo remunerado estuvieron asociados con una menor dependencia para realizar AIVD. Conclusiones. La dependencia funcional en los adultos mayores está directamente relacionada con el envejecimiento y depende de múltiples factores determinantes. El conocimiento de estos factores debe contribuir a diseñar programas de salud que permitan identificar a los individuos en riesgo de perder su autonomía e implementar intervenciones dirigidas a detener o revertir ese proceso.
Neurobiology of Aging, 2004
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2006
of 13,004 participants, a sub-sample (Nϭ2640) completed an in-depth assessment, including the Ger... more of 13,004 participants, a sub-sample (Nϭ2640) completed an in-depth assessment, including the Geriatric Mental State Examination. Responses were used to generate a diagnosis of both depression and dementia using the AGECAT algorithm. Results: 25.1% (95% C.I. 19.2-31.0) of participants with dementia also had a diagnosis of clinical depression. This amounted to 3.5% (95% C.I. 2.8-4.2) of the total sample. In the sub-sample of people with dementia, there was an association between depression and younger age group (p trend ϭ0.02), high functional disability (p trend ϭ0.02), and comorbid medical illnesses (p trend ϭ0.02). Depression was not related to sex, social class, education or living in a deprived area. Conclusion: Depression is common in people with dementia, particularly in younger participants however, this finding may be due in part to the inability of older patients with more severe dementia to articulate their feelings. Those with other chronic medical conditions are also at particular risk.
Salud Pública de México, 2007
Objective. To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly and its relation wi... more Objective. To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly and its relation with sociodemographic and health factors in the Mexican population. Material and Methods. From the first wave data of the National Aging and Health Study, collected in 2001 in Mexico, subjects 65 years or older and who had completed a cognitive assessment were selected. Subjects were classified according to two groups: with and without cognitive impairment, based on the cutoff point corresponding to the 10th percentile of the total cognitive assessment score, adjusted for age and educational level. All subjects with cognitive impairment that also had difficulty with one of the activities of daily living were classified as a third group: with cognitive impairment and functional dependency. Prevalence rates were calculated, and an association with demographic and health variables was established through regression analysis. Results. Seven percent of the population had cognitive impairment while 3.3% had both conditions. The probability of cognitive impairment was not significantly associated with any demographic or health variables. Cognitive impairment and functional dependency indicated an association with gender, age, marital status, diabetes, stroke, heart disease and depression. Conclusions. The high prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relation with chronic disease frequently observed in the Mexican elderly suggest the need to increase early identification of both conditions in the population.
Aging is typically characterized by progressive cognitive decline. With this decline comes an inc... more Aging is typically characterized by progressive cognitive decline. With this decline comes an increased risk of dementia, making Alzheimer and other forms of dementia important public policy issues in aging societies. According to the world report for Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia (Prince et al. 2015), there are approximately 47 million persons with dementia in the world, with 58% of them living in low- and middle-income countries. Poverty conditions, low education and reduced access to health care are some of the sociodemographic characteristics associated with the prevalence rate of dementia (6%) in Mexico (Mejia-Arango and Gutierrez 2011). Given the rapid growth and aging of the Mexican American population the number of elders with dementia is anticipated to grow at an alarming rate. The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA) reported an overall prevalence of 4.8% in Mexican Americans aged 60 years and older and an exponential growth with age that reached...
PLOS ONE, 2021
Introduction Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia. Physical disability a... more Introduction Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia. Physical disability and cognitive impairment due to stroke are conditions that considerably affect quality of life. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of possible vascular dementia (PVD) in older adults using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS 2012 and 2015 waves). Methods The MHAS is a representative longitudinal cohort study of Mexican adults aged ≥50 years. Data from 14, 893 participants from the 2012 cohort and 14,154 from the 2015 cohort were analyzed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of PVD. Self-respondents with history of stroke were classified as PVD if scores in two or more cognitive domains in the Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination were ≥ 1.5 standard deviations below the mean on reference norms and if limitations in ≥ 1 instrumental activities of daily living were present. For proxy respondents with history of stroke, we used a score ≥3.4 on the Informant Questionn...
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2021
Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without ... more Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) in the Mexican population. Method: The MHAS study is a prospective panel study of health and aging in Mexico with 7,000 elders that represent eight million participants nationally. Using measurements of cognition and activities of daily living of dementia cases and CIND were identified at baseline and follow-up. Overall incidence rates and specific rates for sex, age, and education were calculated. Results: Prevalence was 6.1 % and 28.7 % for dementia and CIND, respectively. Incidence rates were 27.3 per 1,000 person-years for dementia and 223 per 1,000 persons-year for CIND. Rates of dementia and CIND increased with advancing age at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on May 12, 2016jah.sagepub.comDownloaded from Mejia-Arango and Gutierrez 1051 and decreased with higher educational level; sex had a differential effect de-pending on the age strata. Hypertension, diabetes, and depress...
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2021
Early‐life disadvantage, including low socioeconomic position (SEP), few resources, and limited e... more Early‐life disadvantage, including low socioeconomic position (SEP), few resources, and limited education, has downstream effects on cognitive ability. However, personality‐related factors such as having an internal locus of control or a more conscientious personality have been related with greater resilience and ability to cope with adversity. Our objective is to determine if personality‐related factors position individuals to overcome the negative effects of early‐life adversity on late‐life cognitive ability.
Revista de Neurología, 1998
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of age, gender, socioeconomic sta... more INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), academic achievement (education), and type of occupation, on the performance of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) Spanish version. MATERIAL AND METHODS The BDAE was administered to a group of 156, 19 to 60 years old, occupationally active normal subjects. RESULTS A descriptive analysis showed that some subjects (1 to 3%) scored in the pathological range of the centiles and profiles of the BDAE. A MANOVA (p < 0.05) demonstrated a significant effect of education over most of the BDAE subtests. Females outperformed males on some reading and writing subtests. SES had an effect over body part identification and naming. Significant differences were observed between younger and middle age groups in confrontation naming, oral and word picture reading. The older group scored significantly lower than the younger group in serial writing and sentences to dictation. No differences were observed between the older and the middle groups. Only oral spelling was affected by the type of occupation but a significant interaction of occupation and level of education was found. CONCLUSIONS Language tests are influenced by demographic variables, particularly education. Normal variability on the BDAE should be considered when dealing with clinical populations.
Introduction: Every year, hundreds of thousands of Mexican migrants arrive at the Mexico- United ... more Introduction: Every year, hundreds of thousands of Mexican migrants arrive at the Mexico- United States (US) border, after being removed or returned by the US migration authorities. In Tijuana, a Mexican city across the border from California, returnees have become part of the homeless population, subsisting in conditions of limited access to health and social services. Objective: To characterize the physical and mental health profile, and access to health services of homeless returnees, and to compare it with the characteristics of persons with no migratory experience, among a homeless population in Tijuana. Methods: We conducted a survey in a temporary camp for returned migrants and homeless people in Tijuana in December 2013. Aiming to survey all persons sleeping in the camp during a 3 week period, and who had not answered to the survey before, we approached 460 persons, of which 435 (94.6%) agreed to respond. The questionnaire explored self-perceived health, previous diagnosis o...
International Journal of Neuroscience, 1998
One hundred and twenty-four male children ranging in age from seven to 12 years-old were selected... more One hundred and twenty-four male children ranging in age from seven to 12 years-old were selected. The sample was divided into two groups: (1) sixty-two with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children; and (2) sixty-two normal matched controls (N-ADHD). Three tests were individually administered: (I) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); (2) Verbal fluency and semantics (animals and fruits); and, (3) Picture Arrangement subtest of the WISC-R. For all the test scores, statistically significant differences were found between both ADHD and N-ADHD groups. Two separate factor analyses were performed, using the normal and ADHD groups. Four factors were found for the N-ADHD group, which accounted for 85.7% of the variance. The factor structure presented some similarities in both groups: Factor 2.3 and 4 in the control group corresponded to factors 1,2 and 3 in the ADHD group. Nonetheless. in the ADHD group Factor 1 (Abstraction and Flexibility Factor) was absent. Results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of executive dysfunction in children with ADHD.
International Journal of Neuroscience, 2000
Background There is growing recognition that violence and other forms of conduct problems increas... more Background There is growing recognition that violence and other forms of conduct problems increase diiring adolescence. The exact relationship between biological, psychological. and social variables has not been defined yet. Objectives To analyze whether Intelligence Quotients (IQS), neurological history, child behavioral problems, executive functions, and soft neurological signs (SNS) can differentiate between undisciplined and unreliable adolescents (Behavioral Dysregulation Disorder subjects, BDD) and normal controls. Method Twenty-five 13 to 16-year-olds, adolescents with BDD and 25 matched controls were used in this study. WISC-R, executive function assessment, neurological history, child behavioral problems, and SNS scores were analyzed using a Multivariate Analysis of Variant': (MANOVA). A Multiple Regression Stepwise with Criteria Probability of F Ana1ysi.j was used for predicting criteria variable variance. WISC-R. Verbal 1Q (VIQ), Information, Similarities, and Vocabulary subtests presented statistically significant differences between BDD and controls (p < ,001). No Performance IQ (PI@ variables established significant differences between both groups. Executive function scores did not detect significant differences between groups either. Prenatal. neonatal, and neurological history scores were similar between both groups. Two child behavioral problem variables were significantly different, with higher scores in BDD group: use of weapons and drug-use (p < .05). A Multiple Regression Stepwise (Criteria Probability of F < .05) model, entering the predictive variables in each domain Results *Our most sincere gratitude to Dr. Gerard0 Rodriguez, for his most valuable +Corresponding author.
Neurobiology of Aging, 2004
Social and Behavioral Research-Methods in Recruitment and Retention more) was used. For the purpo... more Social and Behavioral Research-Methods in Recruitment and Retention more) was used. For the purpose of determining which cognitive domains best discriminated subjects with cognitive impairment based on criterion 1 and 2, discriminant analysis under stepwise method for the selection of variables was used. Results: The weight of the different cognitive domains showed an homogenous pattern among surveys. Primary memory is the least discriminant cognitive domain, while orientation, attention and secondary verbal memory have more weight in discriminating cognitively impaired subjects. Discussion: Although different assessment instruments are used, similar results may be obtained with a percentilar distribution methodology. Criterion 1 and 2 showed different patterns of cognitive domain impairment related to the severity of cognitive impairment.
Journal of Aging and Health, 2006
Objectives: This study aims to compare the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older Mexican... more Objectives: This study aims to compare the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older Mexicans and Spanish-speaking U.S. immigrants. Methods: The relationship of cognitive impairment with social and demographic variables was explored using data from five different population based survey studies. Results: Prevalence rates increased with age, with low educational level, didn’t show a clear association with gender and decreased in married subjects. Estimates of cognitive and functional impairment combined are greater in the immigrant samples than those for Mexican residents. Primary memory measures are the least discriminative for cognitive impairment, whereas orientation, attention, and secondary verbal memory measures discriminate better. Discussion: Mexicans and Spanish-speaking USA immigrants have similar prevalence estimates of cognitive impairment. However, prevalence of functional impairment differs between Mexicans and immigrants because of measurement issues and cultural ...
Revista de neurologia, 2011
Diabetes and dementia are growing problems throughout the world and especially in developing coun... more Diabetes and dementia are growing problems throughout the world and especially in developing countries. To determine the risk of developing dementia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic elders free of dementia from the Mexican Health and Aging study, a prospective community-based cohort research were followed after two years. Socio-demographic factors, comorbid conditions and type of diabetes treatment were analyzed in subjects who become demented. At baseline, 749 participants (13.8%) had diabetes mellitus. During the follow-up period (mean: 2.02 years; range: 1-3 years), 306 of 749 persons with diabetes mellitus developed dementia, yielding a relative risk (RR) of 2.08 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 1.59-2.73). The effect was strongest in persons aged 80 years or older with a RR of 2.44 (95% CI = 1.46-4.08), men had a greater relative risk than women (RR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.46-3.49 vs. RR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.08-1.11) and subjects with low education (< 7 years o...
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 2014
Deportations from the Unites States (US) to Mexico increased substantially during the last decade... more Deportations from the Unites States (US) to Mexico increased substantially during the last decade. Considering deportation as a stressful event with potential consequences on mental health, we aimed to (1) estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among deported migrants; and (2) explore the association between migratory experience, social support and psychological variables, and CMD in this group. In repatriation points along the border, a probability sample of deportees responded to the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). The prevalence of CMD was 16.0 % (95 % CI 12.3, 20.6). There was a U-shaped association between time in the US and SRQ score. Times returned to Mexico, having a spouse in the US, number of persons in household, less social support, anxiety as a personality trait, and avoidant coping style were directly associated with SRQ score. Public health policies should address the need for mental health care among deported migrants.
Salud Pública de México, 2007
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of obesity and its association with socioeconomic factor... more Objective: To investigate the prevalence of obesity and its association with socioeconomic factors and comorbidities in a population-based study. Material and Methods: Data were examined from 4 605 persons ages 60 and older that participated in the 2001 Mexican Health and Aging Study, conducted in rural and urban communities in Mexico. The prevalence of obesity (according to self-reported weight and height) was obtained, stratified by age, and logistic regression was used to study cross-sectional associations between obesity and socioeconomic factors. Results: Of the population studied, 20.9% were classified as obese and the prevalence diminishes with age. Overall, women were more likely than men to be obese. Lower educational level was associated with lower risk of overweight. In both men and women, obesity was more common between subjects with hypertension (OR 1.38 and 1.71, respectively) and long-distance walk limitation (OR 2.08 and 2.21, respectively). Conclusion. In older Mexican adults, hypertension and long-distance walk limitation were independent associated factors for higher prevalence of obesity.
Salud Pública de México, 2007
Resumen Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de dolor y los factores asociados en dos muestras de ... more Resumen Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de dolor y los factores asociados en dos muestras de sujetos adultos: 50-64 años y mayores de 65 años. Material y métodos. Se analizaron las variables de autorreporte de dolor, factores sociodemográficos, funcionalidad, salud, depresión y cognición del Estudio Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México en su versión del año 2001(ENASEM 2001). Se obtuvo la prevalencia de dolor autorreportado y se analizó la asociación con las demás variables por medio del análisis de regresión logística. Resultados. La prevalencia es de 41.5%, más frecuente en mujeres (48.3% vs. 33.6%), con mayor prevalencia a mayor edad, y menor a mayor escolaridad. El dolor se asoció directamente con el reporte de artritis, enfermedad pulmonar, caídas, hipertensión, depresión, enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC) e historia de cáncer, así como con alteración en la funcionalidad. Conclusiones. El dolor es un problema frecuente entre los adultos mayores mexicanos y se asocia con un gran número de patologías diversas.
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2007
Objetivo. Identificar los factores asociados con la dependencia funcional de los adultos mayores ... more Objetivo. Identificar los factores asociados con la dependencia funcional de los adultos mayores para realizar actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) y actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD). Método. Estudio transversal de la información obtenida en la primera vuelta del Estudio Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México (ENASEM) en 2001. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 7 171 personas de 60 años o más. Mediante el análisis de regresión logística multifactorial se analizó la asociación de la dependencia funcional para realizar ABVD y AIVD con los hábitos de vida y los antecedentes personales sociales, familiares y de salud desde la infancia de los participantes. Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 69,4 ± 7,6 años (de 60 a 105 años); 53,4% eran mujeres. Los grupos de dependientes para realizar ABVD y AIVD tenían en promedio mayor edad (P < 0,01), en él predominaban las mujeres (P < 0,01) y había más personas analfabetas y que declararon haber tenido un número significativamente mayor de enfermedades crónicas y haber sufrido dolor con mayor frecuencia en los grupos de personas independientes (P < 0,01). Entre los 521 (7,3%) dependientes para realizar ABVD se observó una mayor proporción de personas sin pareja (P < 0,01), viudos (P < 0,01) y con una peor percepción de su salud que entre los independientes (P < 0,01). Seiscientos tres (8,4%) de los entrevistados eran dependientes para realizar AIVD. La mayor edad, padecer de enfermedad cerebrovascular, un mayor número de enfermedades crónicas, síntomas depresivos, deficiencia visual, dolores que limitan sus actividades diarias y tener algún miembro amputado resultaron ser factores significativa e independientemente asociados con la dependencia para realizar AIVD. Un menor número de problemas sociales durante la infancia y menos años de trabajo remunerado estuvieron asociados con una menor dependencia para realizar AIVD. Conclusiones. La dependencia funcional en los adultos mayores está directamente relacionada con el envejecimiento y depende de múltiples factores determinantes. El conocimiento de estos factores debe contribuir a diseñar programas de salud que permitan identificar a los individuos en riesgo de perder su autonomía e implementar intervenciones dirigidas a detener o revertir ese proceso.
Neurobiology of Aging, 2004
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2006
of 13,004 participants, a sub-sample (Nϭ2640) completed an in-depth assessment, including the Ger... more of 13,004 participants, a sub-sample (Nϭ2640) completed an in-depth assessment, including the Geriatric Mental State Examination. Responses were used to generate a diagnosis of both depression and dementia using the AGECAT algorithm. Results: 25.1% (95% C.I. 19.2-31.0) of participants with dementia also had a diagnosis of clinical depression. This amounted to 3.5% (95% C.I. 2.8-4.2) of the total sample. In the sub-sample of people with dementia, there was an association between depression and younger age group (p trend ϭ0.02), high functional disability (p trend ϭ0.02), and comorbid medical illnesses (p trend ϭ0.02). Depression was not related to sex, social class, education or living in a deprived area. Conclusion: Depression is common in people with dementia, particularly in younger participants however, this finding may be due in part to the inability of older patients with more severe dementia to articulate their feelings. Those with other chronic medical conditions are also at particular risk.
Salud Pública de México, 2007
Objective. To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly and its relation wi... more Objective. To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly and its relation with sociodemographic and health factors in the Mexican population. Material and Methods. From the first wave data of the National Aging and Health Study, collected in 2001 in Mexico, subjects 65 years or older and who had completed a cognitive assessment were selected. Subjects were classified according to two groups: with and without cognitive impairment, based on the cutoff point corresponding to the 10th percentile of the total cognitive assessment score, adjusted for age and educational level. All subjects with cognitive impairment that also had difficulty with one of the activities of daily living were classified as a third group: with cognitive impairment and functional dependency. Prevalence rates were calculated, and an association with demographic and health variables was established through regression analysis. Results. Seven percent of the population had cognitive impairment while 3.3% had both conditions. The probability of cognitive impairment was not significantly associated with any demographic or health variables. Cognitive impairment and functional dependency indicated an association with gender, age, marital status, diabetes, stroke, heart disease and depression. Conclusions. The high prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relation with chronic disease frequently observed in the Mexican elderly suggest the need to increase early identification of both conditions in the population.
Aging is typically characterized by progressive cognitive decline. With this decline comes an inc... more Aging is typically characterized by progressive cognitive decline. With this decline comes an increased risk of dementia, making Alzheimer and other forms of dementia important public policy issues in aging societies. According to the world report for Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia (Prince et al. 2015), there are approximately 47 million persons with dementia in the world, with 58% of them living in low- and middle-income countries. Poverty conditions, low education and reduced access to health care are some of the sociodemographic characteristics associated with the prevalence rate of dementia (6%) in Mexico (Mejia-Arango and Gutierrez 2011). Given the rapid growth and aging of the Mexican American population the number of elders with dementia is anticipated to grow at an alarming rate. The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA) reported an overall prevalence of 4.8% in Mexican Americans aged 60 years and older and an exponential growth with age that reached...
PLOS ONE, 2021
Introduction Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia. Physical disability a... more Introduction Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia. Physical disability and cognitive impairment due to stroke are conditions that considerably affect quality of life. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of possible vascular dementia (PVD) in older adults using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS 2012 and 2015 waves). Methods The MHAS is a representative longitudinal cohort study of Mexican adults aged ≥50 years. Data from 14, 893 participants from the 2012 cohort and 14,154 from the 2015 cohort were analyzed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of PVD. Self-respondents with history of stroke were classified as PVD if scores in two or more cognitive domains in the Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination were ≥ 1.5 standard deviations below the mean on reference norms and if limitations in ≥ 1 instrumental activities of daily living were present. For proxy respondents with history of stroke, we used a score ≥3.4 on the Informant Questionn...
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2021
Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without ... more Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) in the Mexican population. Method: The MHAS study is a prospective panel study of health and aging in Mexico with 7,000 elders that represent eight million participants nationally. Using measurements of cognition and activities of daily living of dementia cases and CIND were identified at baseline and follow-up. Overall incidence rates and specific rates for sex, age, and education were calculated. Results: Prevalence was 6.1 % and 28.7 % for dementia and CIND, respectively. Incidence rates were 27.3 per 1,000 person-years for dementia and 223 per 1,000 persons-year for CIND. Rates of dementia and CIND increased with advancing age at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on May 12, 2016jah.sagepub.comDownloaded from Mejia-Arango and Gutierrez 1051 and decreased with higher educational level; sex had a differential effect de-pending on the age strata. Hypertension, diabetes, and depress...
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2021
Early‐life disadvantage, including low socioeconomic position (SEP), few resources, and limited e... more Early‐life disadvantage, including low socioeconomic position (SEP), few resources, and limited education, has downstream effects on cognitive ability. However, personality‐related factors such as having an internal locus of control or a more conscientious personality have been related with greater resilience and ability to cope with adversity. Our objective is to determine if personality‐related factors position individuals to overcome the negative effects of early‐life adversity on late‐life cognitive ability.