Simha Landau - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Simha Landau

This study investigated all (76) cases of intimate femicide (the killing of women by their intima... more This study investigated all (76) cases of intimate femicide (the killing of women by their intimate male partners) in Israel during the years 1990-1995. The analysis focused on temporal patterns, the representation of various population groups, and given motives. The findings show a relationship between the incidence of intimate femicide and a number of major events/processes experienced by Israeli society during the period investigated. Following the Persian Gulf War (in 1991), during which families were enclosed for lengthy periods in sealed rooms, there was a sharp increase in intimate femicide. On the other hand, the enactment of the Law for the Prevention of Family Violence in 1991 was followed by a sharp (though temporary) decrease in intimate femicide in 1992. New immigrants from the former Soviet Union and even more so, from Ethiopia were overrepresented among intimate femicide offenders. In most cases, more than one motive is given for the intimate femicide, with 'possessiveness' being mentioned in the majority of cases usually in conjunction with other motives (such as argument/conflict between the parties, mental, drinking or drug problems of the offender). Here too, differences were found between the various population groups. The findings are discussed within the framework of a stress-support theoretical model which postulates that violence in society will be positively related to stress factors and negatively related to support systems.

Cultural Variation in Conflict Resolution, 2013

... The foregoing examples facilitate the understanding of the social function of violent behavio... more ... The foregoing examples facilitate the understanding of the social function of violent behavior in ... War and social integration: the effects of the Israeli-Arab conflict on Jewish emigration from ... Megamot bata'asufea—Hameimad ha'adati [Trends in the occupation status—The ethnic ...

International Review of Victimology

Although recent years have witnessed a growing number of studies in victimology, relatively littl... more Although recent years have witnessed a growing number of studies in victimology, relatively little attention has been paid to the development of classification systems in this field. This paper reviews the existing typologies and points at their primary limitation, namely, their unidimensionality. Hence, the field presently lacks a systematic conceptual framework. After suggesting a revised definition of victim, a multidimensional victimological typology is proposed comprising the following eleven dimensions: the source of victimization: legal framework: intentionality of the perpetrator: identification of the victim: victim vulnerability: the victim's perception of victimization: others' perception of victimization: type of victimization: the severity of victimization/harm: the victim-offender relationship: and the victim's contribution to the event. The various categories within these dimensions are discussed and suggestions are put forward for further developing and r...

No.: U, 1973

Abstract: THE DATA WAS DRAWN FROM INTERVIEWS WITH CANADIAN PAROLEES AND PRISON INMATES WHOM THE A... more Abstract: THE DATA WAS DRAWN FROM INTERVIEWS WITH CANADIAN PAROLEES AND PRISON INMATES WHOM THE AUTHOR FELT REPRESENTED THE MORE SKILLED, EXPERIENCED, AND SUCCESSFUL CRIMINALS. BY LOOKING AT THE SKILLS ...

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, Jul 1, 2012

We examine the role of family-and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exp... more We examine the role of family-and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-political conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ethnic-political conflict/violence and subsequent posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. We collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli ...

Aggressive Behavior, 1987

ABSTRACT In the present study violence in Israel for a period of 32 years (1950-1981) was analyze... more ABSTRACT In the present study violence in Israel for a period of 32 years (1950-1981) was analyzed, within a stress model according to which the probability of violence and agression as a reaction to stress will increase when social support systems fail or malfunction. Following this model, three types of variables were identified: 1. Measures of stress and social change: to the regular social stressors (i.e., inflation and unemployment), we added two measures of affluence (income per capita and rates of cars) as well as population density. 2. Measures of social support: rates of birth to unmarried mothers and marriage and divorce rates served as measures of the strength of the family. Another measure in this category was rates of psychiatric hospitalization. 3. Measures of violence: in addition to rates of homicide, robbery, and all offenses, inward directed aggression (suicide) was included in this category.At the first stage of the data analysis, Guttman's Smallest Space Analysis (SSA-1) was applied, providing a two-dimensional space diagram of the correlations between the variables. At the second stage, a multiple regression analysis was introduced. The findings indicate that the theoretical model received substantial support mainly from four stress measures (inflation, income per capita, cars, and population density) and one measure of social support (divorce). Unemployment contributed significantly (in the expected direction) only to homicide.Some theoretical implications of the findings, as well as their relevance to some developments in Israeli society are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research.

We examine cumulative and prospective effects of exposure to conflict and violence across four co... more We examine cumulative and prospective effects of exposure to conflict and violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for exposure to conflict/violence across contexts. ...

Abstract Cross-generational transmission of aggressive behavior is a widely documented phenomena ... more Abstract Cross-generational transmission of aggressive behavior is a widely documented phenomena in the criminological literature. Parents' aggressive behavior has been found to be a predictor of children's aggression as well as their general maladjustment later in life. However, studies have yet to incorporate children's environmental hazards into one matrix that evaluates different risk factors. Furthermore, research on children in conflict areas that analyze the contribution of parents' behavior, above and beyond children's exposure to ...

Ethno-political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outc... more Ethno-political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Yet little research examines adaptation to ethno-political violence over time or across multiple outcomes simultaneously. This study examines longitudinal patterns of aggressive behavior and emotional distress as they co-occur among Palestinian (n = 600) youth exposed to ethno-political violence over 3 years in three age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14). Findings indicate distinct profiles of aggressive behavior and emotional distress, and unique joint patterns. Furthermore, youth among key joint profiles (e.g., high aggression-emotional desensitization) are more likely to endorse normative beliefs about aggression toward ethnic outgroups. This study offers a dynamic perspective on emotional and behavioral adaptation to ethno-political violence and the implications of those processes.

Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model proposes that events in higher order social ecosystems s... more Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model proposes that events in higher order social ecosystems should influence human development through their impact on events in lower order social ecosystems. This proposition was tested with respect to ecological violence and the development of children's aggression via analyses of 3 waves of data (1 wave yearly for 3 years) from 3 age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14) representing three populations in the Middle East: Palestinians (N = 600), Israeli Jews (N = 451), and Israeli Arabs (N = 450). Results supported a hypothesized model in which ethnopolitical violence increases community, family, and school violence and children's aggression. Findings are discussed with respect to ecological and observational learning perspectives on the development of aggressive behavior.

Aggressive Behavior, 1995

SSRN Electronic Journal

Abstract The impact of exposure to violence in the context of families, neighborhoods, and peer g... more Abstract The impact of exposure to violence in the context of families, neighborhoods, and peer groups on pre-adolescents and adolescents has been widely studied. However, very little is known on the effect of exposure to political conflict and violence on children and youth. The literature is specially lacking studies assessing these last effects while controlling for exposure to violence in other contexts. This study evaluates the cumulative impact on Israeli children's aggression of exposure to violence in four social ecological settings: ...

Israel journal of health policy research, Jan 4, 2018

Studies on hospital violence have emphasized the importance of staff- service recipient interacti... more Studies on hospital violence have emphasized the importance of staff- service recipient interaction in leading to violent incidents. These incidents are the extreme result of service recipients' frustration and anger in their interaction with staff. The aim of this study was to analyze factors related to negative experiences of emergency department (ED) patients and accompanying persons in Israeli hospitals. Structured interviews with 692 participants in seven major general Israeli hospitals: 322 patients and 370 accompanying persons. Negative feelings while in the ED were reported by 23.6% of patients and 20.5% of accompanying persons. Eight aggregate variables relating to staff-patients/accompanying persons interaction were identified: 1. General attitudes of staff and quality of ED experience; 2. Staff attitudes towards patients; 3. Staff attitudes towards accompanying persons; 4. Waiting; 5. Quality of perceived medical care; 6. Information provided to patients and accompany...

International Review of Victimology

ABSTRACT Although recent years have witnessed a growing number of studies in victimology, relativ... more ABSTRACT Although recent years have witnessed a growing number of studies in victimology, relatively little attention has been paid to the development of classification systems in this field. This paper reviews the existing typologies and points at their primary limitation, namely, their unidimensionality. Hence, the field presently lacks a systematic conceptual framework. After suggesting a revised definition of victim, a multidimensional victimological typology is proposed comprising the following eleven dimensions: the source of victimization: legal framework: intentionality of the perpetrator: identification of the victim: victim vulnerability: the victim's perception of victimization: others' perception of victimization: type of victimization: the severity of victimization/harm: the victim-offender relationship: and the victim's contribution to the event. The various categories within these dimensions are discussed and suggestions are put forward for further developing and refining this conceptual framework.

The British Journal of Criminology, 1975

... 4 Five non-Jewish offenders were neither Christian nor Moslem Arabs nor Druzes. ... subcultur... more ... 4 Five non-Jewish offenders were neither Christian nor Moslem Arabs nor Druzes. ... subculture of violence; ie violent criminal offenders from 8 For details about subcultures of violence in the history of the Middle East and other Medit ranean countries, see Gibbens and Ahrenfeld ...

The British Journal of Criminology, 1966

Development and Psychopathology, 2016

We examine the hypothesis that children's exposure to ethnic–political conflict and violence ... more We examine the hypothesis that children's exposure to ethnic–political conflict and violence over the course of a year stimulates their increased aggression toward their own in-group peers in subsequent years. In addition, we examine what social cognitive and emotional processes mediate these effects and how these effects are moderated by gender, age, and ethnic group. To accomplish these aims, we collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Exposure to ethnic–political violence was correlated with aggression at in-group peers among all age cohorts. Using a cross-lagged structural equation model from Year 1 to Year 3, we found that the relation between exposure and aggression is more plausibly due to exposure to ethnic–political violence stimulating later aggression at peers than vice versa, and this effect was not moderated significantly by gender, age cohort, or eth...

Child development, Sep 1, 2016

Ethno-political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outc... more Ethno-political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Yet little research examines adaptation to ethno-political violence over time or across multiple outcomes simultaneously. This study examines longitudinal patterns of aggressive behavior and emotional distress as they co-occur among Palestinian (n = 600) youth exposed to ethno-political violence over 3 years in three age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14). Findings indicate distinct profiles of aggressive behavior and emotional distress, and unique joint patterns. Furthermore, youth among key joint profiles (e.g., high aggression-emotional desensitization) are more likely to endorse normative beliefs about aggression toward ethnic outgroups. This study offers a dynamic perspective on emotional and behavioral adaptation to ethno-political violence and the implications of those processes.

This study investigated all (76) cases of intimate femicide (the killing of women by their intima... more This study investigated all (76) cases of intimate femicide (the killing of women by their intimate male partners) in Israel during the years 1990-1995. The analysis focused on temporal patterns, the representation of various population groups, and given motives. The findings show a relationship between the incidence of intimate femicide and a number of major events/processes experienced by Israeli society during the period investigated. Following the Persian Gulf War (in 1991), during which families were enclosed for lengthy periods in sealed rooms, there was a sharp increase in intimate femicide. On the other hand, the enactment of the Law for the Prevention of Family Violence in 1991 was followed by a sharp (though temporary) decrease in intimate femicide in 1992. New immigrants from the former Soviet Union and even more so, from Ethiopia were overrepresented among intimate femicide offenders. In most cases, more than one motive is given for the intimate femicide, with 'possessiveness' being mentioned in the majority of cases usually in conjunction with other motives (such as argument/conflict between the parties, mental, drinking or drug problems of the offender). Here too, differences were found between the various population groups. The findings are discussed within the framework of a stress-support theoretical model which postulates that violence in society will be positively related to stress factors and negatively related to support systems.

Cultural Variation in Conflict Resolution, 2013

... The foregoing examples facilitate the understanding of the social function of violent behavio... more ... The foregoing examples facilitate the understanding of the social function of violent behavior in ... War and social integration: the effects of the Israeli-Arab conflict on Jewish emigration from ... Megamot bata'asufea—Hameimad ha'adati [Trends in the occupation status—The ethnic ...

International Review of Victimology

Although recent years have witnessed a growing number of studies in victimology, relatively littl... more Although recent years have witnessed a growing number of studies in victimology, relatively little attention has been paid to the development of classification systems in this field. This paper reviews the existing typologies and points at their primary limitation, namely, their unidimensionality. Hence, the field presently lacks a systematic conceptual framework. After suggesting a revised definition of victim, a multidimensional victimological typology is proposed comprising the following eleven dimensions: the source of victimization: legal framework: intentionality of the perpetrator: identification of the victim: victim vulnerability: the victim's perception of victimization: others' perception of victimization: type of victimization: the severity of victimization/harm: the victim-offender relationship: and the victim's contribution to the event. The various categories within these dimensions are discussed and suggestions are put forward for further developing and r...

No.: U, 1973

Abstract: THE DATA WAS DRAWN FROM INTERVIEWS WITH CANADIAN PAROLEES AND PRISON INMATES WHOM THE A... more Abstract: THE DATA WAS DRAWN FROM INTERVIEWS WITH CANADIAN PAROLEES AND PRISON INMATES WHOM THE AUTHOR FELT REPRESENTED THE MORE SKILLED, EXPERIENCED, AND SUCCESSFUL CRIMINALS. BY LOOKING AT THE SKILLS ...

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, Jul 1, 2012

We examine the role of family-and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exp... more We examine the role of family-and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-political conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ethnic-political conflict/violence and subsequent posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. We collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli ...

Aggressive Behavior, 1987

ABSTRACT In the present study violence in Israel for a period of 32 years (1950-1981) was analyze... more ABSTRACT In the present study violence in Israel for a period of 32 years (1950-1981) was analyzed, within a stress model according to which the probability of violence and agression as a reaction to stress will increase when social support systems fail or malfunction. Following this model, three types of variables were identified: 1. Measures of stress and social change: to the regular social stressors (i.e., inflation and unemployment), we added two measures of affluence (income per capita and rates of cars) as well as population density. 2. Measures of social support: rates of birth to unmarried mothers and marriage and divorce rates served as measures of the strength of the family. Another measure in this category was rates of psychiatric hospitalization. 3. Measures of violence: in addition to rates of homicide, robbery, and all offenses, inward directed aggression (suicide) was included in this category.At the first stage of the data analysis, Guttman's Smallest Space Analysis (SSA-1) was applied, providing a two-dimensional space diagram of the correlations between the variables. At the second stage, a multiple regression analysis was introduced. The findings indicate that the theoretical model received substantial support mainly from four stress measures (inflation, income per capita, cars, and population density) and one measure of social support (divorce). Unemployment contributed significantly (in the expected direction) only to homicide.Some theoretical implications of the findings, as well as their relevance to some developments in Israeli society are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research.

We examine cumulative and prospective effects of exposure to conflict and violence across four co... more We examine cumulative and prospective effects of exposure to conflict and violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for exposure to conflict/violence across contexts. ...

Abstract Cross-generational transmission of aggressive behavior is a widely documented phenomena ... more Abstract Cross-generational transmission of aggressive behavior is a widely documented phenomena in the criminological literature. Parents' aggressive behavior has been found to be a predictor of children's aggression as well as their general maladjustment later in life. However, studies have yet to incorporate children's environmental hazards into one matrix that evaluates different risk factors. Furthermore, research on children in conflict areas that analyze the contribution of parents' behavior, above and beyond children's exposure to ...

Ethno-political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outc... more Ethno-political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Yet little research examines adaptation to ethno-political violence over time or across multiple outcomes simultaneously. This study examines longitudinal patterns of aggressive behavior and emotional distress as they co-occur among Palestinian (n = 600) youth exposed to ethno-political violence over 3 years in three age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14). Findings indicate distinct profiles of aggressive behavior and emotional distress, and unique joint patterns. Furthermore, youth among key joint profiles (e.g., high aggression-emotional desensitization) are more likely to endorse normative beliefs about aggression toward ethnic outgroups. This study offers a dynamic perspective on emotional and behavioral adaptation to ethno-political violence and the implications of those processes.

Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model proposes that events in higher order social ecosystems s... more Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model proposes that events in higher order social ecosystems should influence human development through their impact on events in lower order social ecosystems. This proposition was tested with respect to ecological violence and the development of children's aggression via analyses of 3 waves of data (1 wave yearly for 3 years) from 3 age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14) representing three populations in the Middle East: Palestinians (N = 600), Israeli Jews (N = 451), and Israeli Arabs (N = 450). Results supported a hypothesized model in which ethnopolitical violence increases community, family, and school violence and children's aggression. Findings are discussed with respect to ecological and observational learning perspectives on the development of aggressive behavior.

Aggressive Behavior, 1995

SSRN Electronic Journal

Abstract The impact of exposure to violence in the context of families, neighborhoods, and peer g... more Abstract The impact of exposure to violence in the context of families, neighborhoods, and peer groups on pre-adolescents and adolescents has been widely studied. However, very little is known on the effect of exposure to political conflict and violence on children and youth. The literature is specially lacking studies assessing these last effects while controlling for exposure to violence in other contexts. This study evaluates the cumulative impact on Israeli children's aggression of exposure to violence in four social ecological settings: ...

Israel journal of health policy research, Jan 4, 2018

Studies on hospital violence have emphasized the importance of staff- service recipient interacti... more Studies on hospital violence have emphasized the importance of staff- service recipient interaction in leading to violent incidents. These incidents are the extreme result of service recipients' frustration and anger in their interaction with staff. The aim of this study was to analyze factors related to negative experiences of emergency department (ED) patients and accompanying persons in Israeli hospitals. Structured interviews with 692 participants in seven major general Israeli hospitals: 322 patients and 370 accompanying persons. Negative feelings while in the ED were reported by 23.6% of patients and 20.5% of accompanying persons. Eight aggregate variables relating to staff-patients/accompanying persons interaction were identified: 1. General attitudes of staff and quality of ED experience; 2. Staff attitudes towards patients; 3. Staff attitudes towards accompanying persons; 4. Waiting; 5. Quality of perceived medical care; 6. Information provided to patients and accompany...

International Review of Victimology

ABSTRACT Although recent years have witnessed a growing number of studies in victimology, relativ... more ABSTRACT Although recent years have witnessed a growing number of studies in victimology, relatively little attention has been paid to the development of classification systems in this field. This paper reviews the existing typologies and points at their primary limitation, namely, their unidimensionality. Hence, the field presently lacks a systematic conceptual framework. After suggesting a revised definition of victim, a multidimensional victimological typology is proposed comprising the following eleven dimensions: the source of victimization: legal framework: intentionality of the perpetrator: identification of the victim: victim vulnerability: the victim's perception of victimization: others' perception of victimization: type of victimization: the severity of victimization/harm: the victim-offender relationship: and the victim's contribution to the event. The various categories within these dimensions are discussed and suggestions are put forward for further developing and refining this conceptual framework.

The British Journal of Criminology, 1975

... 4 Five non-Jewish offenders were neither Christian nor Moslem Arabs nor Druzes. ... subcultur... more ... 4 Five non-Jewish offenders were neither Christian nor Moslem Arabs nor Druzes. ... subculture of violence; ie violent criminal offenders from 8 For details about subcultures of violence in the history of the Middle East and other Medit ranean countries, see Gibbens and Ahrenfeld ...

The British Journal of Criminology, 1966

Development and Psychopathology, 2016

We examine the hypothesis that children's exposure to ethnic–political conflict and violence ... more We examine the hypothesis that children's exposure to ethnic–political conflict and violence over the course of a year stimulates their increased aggression toward their own in-group peers in subsequent years. In addition, we examine what social cognitive and emotional processes mediate these effects and how these effects are moderated by gender, age, and ethnic group. To accomplish these aims, we collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Exposure to ethnic–political violence was correlated with aggression at in-group peers among all age cohorts. Using a cross-lagged structural equation model from Year 1 to Year 3, we found that the relation between exposure and aggression is more plausibly due to exposure to ethnic–political violence stimulating later aggression at peers than vice versa, and this effect was not moderated significantly by gender, age cohort, or eth...

Child development, Sep 1, 2016

Ethno-political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outc... more Ethno-political violence impacts thousands of youth and is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Yet little research examines adaptation to ethno-political violence over time or across multiple outcomes simultaneously. This study examines longitudinal patterns of aggressive behavior and emotional distress as they co-occur among Palestinian (n = 600) youth exposed to ethno-political violence over 3 years in three age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14). Findings indicate distinct profiles of aggressive behavior and emotional distress, and unique joint patterns. Furthermore, youth among key joint profiles (e.g., high aggression-emotional desensitization) are more likely to endorse normative beliefs about aggression toward ethnic outgroups. This study offers a dynamic perspective on emotional and behavioral adaptation to ethno-political violence and the implications of those processes.