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Papers by Simon Shimshon Rubin Ph.D.
Ethics & Behavior, Oct 1, 2002
Introduction. “The Forum” is an occasional feature of Ethics & Behavior that is u... more Introduction. “The Forum” is an occasional feature of Ethics & Behavior that is used to generate discussion on important ethical issues. Case vignettes are created, and experts are invited to comment. Readers are encouraged to create and submit cases to the editor. The case that follows addresses important issues related to federally mandated institutional review boards (IRBs) and complications that arise in the context of international research.
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2023
Pre-death grief in the context of dementia caregiving is a significant risk factor for depression... more Pre-death grief in the context of dementia caregiving is a significant risk factor for depression, burden, anxiety, and adjustment difficulties. The Two-Track Model of Dementia Grief (TTM-DG) provides a bifocal perspective addressing the nature of the emotional attachment to a loved one living with cognitive impairment, along with a medico-psychiatric perspective associated with stress, trauma, and change in life. The aims of the present study were to empirically validate the components of the model as to identify salutary and risk factors for maladaptive grief responses. Participants were 62 spouses of people living with cognitive impairment, and a control group of 32 spouses. All completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling yielded six variables consistent with the TTM-DG: partner’s behavioral disorders; caregiver’s burden; social support; physical health; attachment anxiety; and dementia grief as an outcome measure. Additional findings addressed participants at risk for grief difficulties. The findings provide empirical support for the utility of the TTM-DG in the identification of risk factors associated with maladaptive responses and pre-death grief following a spousal cognitive decline. The TTM-DG can assist in the formulation of evidence-based evaluations and interventions to assist spouses caring for their loved ones living with dementia.
Death Studies, Aug 21, 2022
Routledge eBooks, Apr 27, 2012
Omega - Journal Of Death And Dying, Aug 2, 2016
This research examines how do bereaved wives and partners resemble and differ from their nonberea... more This research examines how do bereaved wives and partners resemble and differ from their nonbereaved counterparts. Guided by the Two-Track Model of Bereavement, we focused on biopsychosocial functioning and the nature of the ongoing relationship to their partner. The sample included 85 bereaved women who were compared with 87 nonbereaved women currently married or in a stable pair-bond relationship. As predicted, the results demonstrated the continuing impact of bereavement years after the loss, but the pattern of similarities and differences between the groups sheds additional light on the loss experience. The discussion of these findings and their implications conclude the article.
Omega - Journal Of Death And Dying, Nov 25, 2022
The aim of the present research was to study the interplay of Attachment Theory and the Two-Track... more The aim of the present research was to study the interplay of Attachment Theory and the Two-Track Model of Dementia Grief. To examine the research hypotheses, a cross-sectional study was designed and included 122 participants (Mean age = 72.77) drawn from four groups: spouses of people living with mild to moderate cognitive impairment, spouses of people living with advanced cognitive impairment, widowed spouses of deceased dementia patients, and a control group. Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Results showed that secure attachment constitutes a significant protective factor with regard to bio-psycho-social symptomatology (Track I) as well as difficulties in the relational bond with the spouse and grief over their deterioration (Track II). The results of the research support integrating attachment-based insights into clinical work with spouses coping with the losses accompanying cognitive decline and the grief processes that are operant in these losses.
Omega - Journal Of Death And Dying, Nov 1, 2004
Page 1. Scmcs IN DEAYH. DYING. AND BEPEAVEMENT WITH THE BEREAVED Muhiplc Lenses on Loss and Mourn... more Page 1. Scmcs IN DEAYH. DYING. AND BEPEAVEMENT WITH THE BEREAVED Muhiplc Lenses on Loss and Mourning SIMON SHIMSHON RUBIN. RUTH MALKINSON, { AND ELIEZERWITZTUM E Page 2. SERIES IN DEATH ...
The Lancet Psychiatry, Sep 1, 2022
Trauma: Contemporary Directions in Theory, Practice, and Research
Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 2013
Frontiers in Psychology
The number of family members caring and caregiving for a loved one undergoing physical and mental... more The number of family members caring and caregiving for a loved one undergoing physical and mental changes continues to increase dramatically. For many, this ongoing experience not only involves the “burden of caregiving” but also the “burden of grief” as their loved-one’s newfound medical condition can result in the loss of the person they previously knew. Dramatic cognitive, behavioral, and personality changes, often leave caregivers bereft of the significant relationship they shared with the affected person prior to the illness or injury. This results in what we term conditions of acquired “non-death interpersonal loss” (NoDIL). Current approaches to these losses use an amalgam of models drawn from both death and non-death loss. Despite their utility, these frameworks have not adequately addressed the unique processes occurring in the interpersonal sphere where the grieving caregiver needs to reach some modus vivendi regarding the triad of “who the person was,” “who they are now,”...
The study of loss as a result of war and conflict has been a mainstay of the bereavement field in... more The study of loss as a result of war and conflict has been a mainstay of the bereavement field in Israel. The present article provides a brief background of Israel and its literature relating to loss and bereavement. A series of research studies based on the Two-track Model of Bereavement and covering both mili-
The problem of human response to lo.)D is complex. To approach understanding of this process it i... more The problem of human response to lo.)D is complex. To approach understanding of this process it is valuable to use a number of models. Phenomenologically the application of a temporal matrix divides the reaction into three useful heuristic and empirical stages: initial, acute grief (1-3 months); mourning (1-2 years); and post-mourning, with no set time limit. Another approach involves separating the affective and behavioral functions that accompany the bereavement response. The adaptive goal of the bereavement response is the assimilation of the reality of the loss. Successful resolution refers to a positive quality in the bereaved's relationship with the internal model or representation of the deceased, and not to the death itself. Assessing resolution is a clinical judgment regarding the state of this bi-directional relationship between the other and self. Resolution implies that the bereaved is neither compulsively preoccupied with, nor avoiding of, the internal representatio...
Ethics & Behavior, Oct 1, 2002
Introduction. “The Forum” is an occasional feature of Ethics & Behavior that is u... more Introduction. “The Forum” is an occasional feature of Ethics & Behavior that is used to generate discussion on important ethical issues. Case vignettes are created, and experts are invited to comment. Readers are encouraged to create and submit cases to the editor. The case that follows addresses important issues related to federally mandated institutional review boards (IRBs) and complications that arise in the context of international research.
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2023
Pre-death grief in the context of dementia caregiving is a significant risk factor for depression... more Pre-death grief in the context of dementia caregiving is a significant risk factor for depression, burden, anxiety, and adjustment difficulties. The Two-Track Model of Dementia Grief (TTM-DG) provides a bifocal perspective addressing the nature of the emotional attachment to a loved one living with cognitive impairment, along with a medico-psychiatric perspective associated with stress, trauma, and change in life. The aims of the present study were to empirically validate the components of the model as to identify salutary and risk factors for maladaptive grief responses. Participants were 62 spouses of people living with cognitive impairment, and a control group of 32 spouses. All completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling yielded six variables consistent with the TTM-DG: partner’s behavioral disorders; caregiver’s burden; social support; physical health; attachment anxiety; and dementia grief as an outcome measure. Additional findings addressed participants at risk for grief difficulties. The findings provide empirical support for the utility of the TTM-DG in the identification of risk factors associated with maladaptive responses and pre-death grief following a spousal cognitive decline. The TTM-DG can assist in the formulation of evidence-based evaluations and interventions to assist spouses caring for their loved ones living with dementia.
Death Studies, Aug 21, 2022
Routledge eBooks, Apr 27, 2012
Omega - Journal Of Death And Dying, Aug 2, 2016
This research examines how do bereaved wives and partners resemble and differ from their nonberea... more This research examines how do bereaved wives and partners resemble and differ from their nonbereaved counterparts. Guided by the Two-Track Model of Bereavement, we focused on biopsychosocial functioning and the nature of the ongoing relationship to their partner. The sample included 85 bereaved women who were compared with 87 nonbereaved women currently married or in a stable pair-bond relationship. As predicted, the results demonstrated the continuing impact of bereavement years after the loss, but the pattern of similarities and differences between the groups sheds additional light on the loss experience. The discussion of these findings and their implications conclude the article.
Omega - Journal Of Death And Dying, Nov 25, 2022
The aim of the present research was to study the interplay of Attachment Theory and the Two-Track... more The aim of the present research was to study the interplay of Attachment Theory and the Two-Track Model of Dementia Grief. To examine the research hypotheses, a cross-sectional study was designed and included 122 participants (Mean age = 72.77) drawn from four groups: spouses of people living with mild to moderate cognitive impairment, spouses of people living with advanced cognitive impairment, widowed spouses of deceased dementia patients, and a control group. Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Results showed that secure attachment constitutes a significant protective factor with regard to bio-psycho-social symptomatology (Track I) as well as difficulties in the relational bond with the spouse and grief over their deterioration (Track II). The results of the research support integrating attachment-based insights into clinical work with spouses coping with the losses accompanying cognitive decline and the grief processes that are operant in these losses.
Omega - Journal Of Death And Dying, Nov 1, 2004
Page 1. Scmcs IN DEAYH. DYING. AND BEPEAVEMENT WITH THE BEREAVED Muhiplc Lenses on Loss and Mourn... more Page 1. Scmcs IN DEAYH. DYING. AND BEPEAVEMENT WITH THE BEREAVED Muhiplc Lenses on Loss and Mourning SIMON SHIMSHON RUBIN. RUTH MALKINSON, { AND ELIEZERWITZTUM E Page 2. SERIES IN DEATH ...
The Lancet Psychiatry, Sep 1, 2022
Trauma: Contemporary Directions in Theory, Practice, and Research
Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 2013
Frontiers in Psychology
The number of family members caring and caregiving for a loved one undergoing physical and mental... more The number of family members caring and caregiving for a loved one undergoing physical and mental changes continues to increase dramatically. For many, this ongoing experience not only involves the “burden of caregiving” but also the “burden of grief” as their loved-one’s newfound medical condition can result in the loss of the person they previously knew. Dramatic cognitive, behavioral, and personality changes, often leave caregivers bereft of the significant relationship they shared with the affected person prior to the illness or injury. This results in what we term conditions of acquired “non-death interpersonal loss” (NoDIL). Current approaches to these losses use an amalgam of models drawn from both death and non-death loss. Despite their utility, these frameworks have not adequately addressed the unique processes occurring in the interpersonal sphere where the grieving caregiver needs to reach some modus vivendi regarding the triad of “who the person was,” “who they are now,”...
The study of loss as a result of war and conflict has been a mainstay of the bereavement field in... more The study of loss as a result of war and conflict has been a mainstay of the bereavement field in Israel. The present article provides a brief background of Israel and its literature relating to loss and bereavement. A series of research studies based on the Two-track Model of Bereavement and covering both mili-
The problem of human response to lo.)D is complex. To approach understanding of this process it i... more The problem of human response to lo.)D is complex. To approach understanding of this process it is valuable to use a number of models. Phenomenologically the application of a temporal matrix divides the reaction into three useful heuristic and empirical stages: initial, acute grief (1-3 months); mourning (1-2 years); and post-mourning, with no set time limit. Another approach involves separating the affective and behavioral functions that accompany the bereavement response. The adaptive goal of the bereavement response is the assimilation of the reality of the loss. Successful resolution refers to a positive quality in the bereaved's relationship with the internal model or representation of the deceased, and not to the death itself. Assessing resolution is a clinical judgment regarding the state of this bi-directional relationship between the other and self. Resolution implies that the bereaved is neither compulsively preoccupied with, nor avoiding of, the internal representatio...