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Papers by Simon akogu

Cesearean Section Rate and Acceptance of Cesarean Section Among Antenatal Clinic Attendees at the Kogi State University Teaching Hospital Anyigba North Central Nigeria

Asian Research Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jul 15, 2021

Introduction: Cesarean Section is the delivery of a fetus through a surgical incision made at the... more Introduction: Cesarean Section is the delivery of a fetus through a surgical incision made at the lower anterior abdomen and the uterus. It is one of the commonest Obstetrics interventions to save the life of a parturient and/or her baby. It could be elective or emergent. The World Health Organization recommends a Cesarean Section rate not exceeding 15% as a prudent use of this intervention in Obstetrics care. Medically necessary caesarean section saves life. It is the intervention of choice in obstructed labor. It saves the lives of the mother and the baby by preventing rupture of the uterus which can lead to hemorrhage and death. Advances in Medicine and Surgical Techniques have increasingly made caesarean section safer and acceptable to pregnant women. Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the rate and level of acceptance of Caesarean Section among the pregnant women population at our centre.

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2021

Background: Neonatal mortality refers to the death of a live-born babies within the first 28 days... more Background: Neonatal mortality refers to the death of a live-born babies within the first 28 days of life remains a global public health challenge. Cord blood being the medium of communication, transmission of nutrients and wastes between mothers and fetus can reflect the health status of baby at birth if properly utilized. Owing to multiple factors involved in neonatal mortality, this study used umbilical cord blood haematological parameters to ascertain the health status of neonates at birth, the aim of this study is to use umbilical cord blood haematological parameters for management of neonates at birth. Methodology: This research is a cross-sectional study carried out at the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Medical Laboratory Department, Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Anyigba, North Central Nigeria between January, and December, 2020. Cord blood from 164 babies delivered in Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Grimard Catholic Hospital, and Amazing G...

Journal of Case Reports and Scientific Images, 2020

Endometriosis affects mainly menstruating women. We present a case of endometriosis complicated b... more Endometriosis affects mainly menstruating women. We present a case of endometriosis complicated by a tortuous diagnostic course and intestinal obstruction in a 28 year old nulliparous woman who had three laparotomies on account of two wrong diagnosis in a resource limited setting.

Using the sisterhood method to determine the maternal mortality ratios in six local governments of Ondo State, Nigeria

International Archives of Health Sciences, 2020

Background: Maternal mortality is a major global health challenge and very common in sub-Saharan ... more Background: Maternal mortality is a major global health challenge and very common in sub-Saharan Africa and usually occurs due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth. This study aimed to determine the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in six local government areas (LGAs) of Ondo State using the sisterhood method. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey of women in the reproductive age group 15–49 years. Data related to maternal mortality were collected in March 2017 using the indirect sisterhood method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and was analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0 software. Results: The average MMR in the 6 LGAs was 950 per 100,000 live births with a range of 584–1183 per 100,000 live births. Akoko South had the least MMR of 584 per 100,000 live births, Ondo West had 782 per 100,000 live births, Irele had 982 per 100,000 live births, Owo had 782 per 100,000 live births, Akure South had 1386 per 100,000 live births, and Ile-Oluji had the highest MMR of 1183 per 100,000 live births. The lifetime risk of dying a maternal death ranged from 0.03 to 0.07, with Ile-Oluji South having the highest risk. The greatest risk of dying a maternal death was found among adolescents and young adults aged 15–39 years with a peak at 20–24 years. Conclusion: This study found high MMR in Ondo State, with adolescents and young adults aged 15–39 years being at the highest risk. This calls for consistent interventions to minimize maternal deaths in the state and in Nigeria.

International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical invention, 2020

This is a case report of a 41 year old multipara with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectio... more This is a case report of a 41 year old multipara with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with an interesting history. She was initially commenced on a regimen of antiretroviral which included nevirapine in her non pregnant state. A change of drugs to replace nevirapine with efavirenz was instituted when skin rash was noticed. Unfortunately, she was recommenced on nevirapine when she became pregnant at 15 weeks gestation and developed symptoms of Stevens Johnson syndrome necessitating admission and treatment following which she made a full recovery. The presentation of this case highlights the importance of pharmacovigilance and health education to patients about adverse drug reactions.

International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020

Introduction: Every Gynecologist knows that managing infertility goes with great expectations fro... more Introduction: Every Gynecologist knows that managing infertility goes with great expectations from the client thus identifying the cause and addressing it promptly reduces anxiety and despair. Infertility affects affect 14 to 15% of married couples and between 60 to 80 million couples worldwide [1, 4]. 30% of infertility is due to male factors, 35% due to female, 15% attributable to both and 15% remain unexplained [4]. Hyperprolactinemia is one of the known causes of infertility in couples. This study examines its prevalence among infertile couples attending Gynecology clinics in two hospitals. Methods: This is a retrospective study in Kogi State University Teaching hospital and Neighbour Multicare hospital and Women Welfare Centre in Anyigba, Kogi State, and North Central Nigeria. One hundred and ninety nine women who sought medical attention in the gynecology clinics of these facility between March 2016 and/February 2019 included in the study. Detailed history and clinical examination were conducted and documented. They were investigated including estimation of serum prolactin levels in a standardized laboratory. The results obtained were inputted into the computer software; Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and analyzed. Results: 199 cases of infertility were studied. 134 (67%) cases were primary infertility while 65 (33%) were secondary infertility. 157 cases of infertility (79%) had prolactin levels of 25ng/l and below while 42 (21%) have prolactin levels above 26ng/l (hyperprolactinemia). Among the cases of infertility with hyperprolactinemia, 33 (17%) have primary infertility while 9 (4%) have secondary infertility. Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia is a condition seen in a significant population of infertile women and is capable of protracting their infertility. Fertility services provider should take cognizance of this and consider prolactin assay as part of their investigation of infertility among infertile women.

Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine, 2019

Introduction: About half a million people die globally from chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infec... more Introduction: About half a million people die globally from chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the distribution and risk factors of the infection among university students in Kogi state. Materials and Methods: Data on demographic and risk factors indicators were collected using questionnaires and blood samples tested for HBV. Results: (47.4%) of the respondents were engaged in the sharing of sharp objects, only (5.7%) were engaged in IDU. One-tenth, (20.0%) of the respondents were engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse (Only 20.8% of age group less than or equal to 20 had good knowledge of prevention of HBV. Less than one-tenth, (3.1%) were positive to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBSAg) of respondents within the age group 21-25 compared with about one-quarter, (15.2%) of those in the age group 26-30 that were positive to HBsAg. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for improved awareness among University students in Kogi State.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2017

Background: Considering HIV pandemic among uniform service personnel (UPS), a lot of HIV interven... more Background: Considering HIV pandemic among uniform service personnel (UPS), a lot of HIV intervention programmes designed to mitigate the spread have not been very successful thus the introduction of the HIV minimum prevention package intervention (MPPI). This paper therefore presents the achievements of HIV prevention programme among UPS in Kogi State, Nigeria including its implications for programming.Methods: This project was implemented among uniform service personnel who are in army, police, custom and prison in Kogi State. A total of 2676 was an estimated sample size for this intervention and MPPI was used for implementation of project activities. Data were entered on DHIS2 platform and later exported and analyzed using Microsoft Excel.Results: Out of the total number of 67 community dialogues/advocacies carried out during the project period, 56.7% were done in 2014 and a total of 187 participants participated with a participating rate of 62.0% and 38.0% in 2014 and 2015 respe...

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2016

Examination of haematological profile is useful for baseline assessment, treatment monitoring and... more Examination of haematological profile is useful for baseline assessment, treatment monitoring and prognostic evaluation in Hiv/AIDS management. The objectives of the study was to assess the haematological profile of HIV seropositive HAART naive patients who attended

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2016

CD4 lymphocyte cells are the primary targets of Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV). Enumeration ... more CD4 lymphocyte cells are the primary targets of Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV). Enumeration of CD4 T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood is used in the assessment of disease clinical stage, risk of opportunistic infections, evaluation of prognosis and guide decision on the commencement of antiretroviral therapy. The objective was to determine CD4 cells profile of HIV sero-positive naïve patients in Kogi State University Teaching Hospital(KSUTH) Anyigba. A total of 404 HIV sero-positive Highly Active Anti Retro Viral Treatment (HAART) naïve patients comprising 147(36.4%) males and 257 (63.6%) females were examined. Approval was obtained from ethical committee of Kogi State University Teaching Hospital (KSUTH), Anyigba. Written and verbal informed consent was taken from all patients. The overall mean age of patients was 33.0 ± 12.7 years and female-male ratio was 1.7:1. Majority of patients were in the clinical stage two 121(30.5%) and three 200(50.4%). Patients had overall mean CD4 cells count of 381.8 ± 240.8 cells /mm 3. Patients CD4 cells count varied statistically with the HIV clinical staging (F =4.512 & P value=0.004) and statistically insignificant with gender (P value = 0.7562 & t Test= 0.3106) and tuberculosis status (P value=0.223 & F= 1.505).Conclusion: This study showed HIV sero-positive HAART naive patients presented in KSUTH with mean age of 33 years. Majority of patients presented in disease clinical stage two and three with a mean CD4 cells counts of 381.8 cells/mm 3. This study recommend the need to reduce stigmatization, discrimination and promote early access to treatment , care and support services.

Animal Production, 1989

ABSTRACTBlood samples were taken from three Brahman × Friesian cattle while they walked for 1 h d... more ABSTRACTBlood samples were taken from three Brahman × Friesian cattle while they walked for 1 h daily on a treadmill pulling 20 or 25 kg weights suspended in a cage. Heart rate and energy expenditure during work were closely correlated. The work had no significant effect on blood levels of red cells, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total protein, albumin, glycerol, urea, Mg, Ca, Na, K and chloride. White blood cells, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, P-hydroxybutyrate and inorganic phosphate were affected by work although the changes were shortlived and values had returned to resting levels 75 min after work finished. The changes were similar in each animal and indicated work done by draught cattle is largely at a submaximal level. Apart from lactate no blood parameters were identified that could be usefully used to compare performance.

Annals of medical and health sciences research, 2011

Menopause alters the physiological, biochemical and psychological environment of a woman. Thus th... more Menopause alters the physiological, biochemical and psychological environment of a woman. Thus the knowledge and perception of its symptomatology is invaluable to enable appropriate adjustment to this natural phenomenon. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and perception of menopause and climacteric symptoms among a sample of women in Enugu, South East Nigeria. This was a cross sectional survey of 432 women aged 45-60 and above drawn from the general population of Enugu metropolis of Nigeria. These women were randomly selected from the gynaecology clinic attendees in a tertiary health care facility in Enugu. A self administered structured pre-tested questionnaire was designed. The data were analysed using SPSS software. The primary methods used were cross tabulation (with X(2) or Mantel Haenszel trend tests as appropriate) and one way analysis of variance. Majority of women in the population studied experienced climacteric symptoms but relatively few regarded ...

Waiting time to conception among the Igbo women of Enugu, Nigeria

Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2009

The objective of this study was to determine the waiting time to conception among a sample of pre... more The objective of this study was to determine the waiting time to conception among a sample of pregnant Igbo women resident in an urban area of South-east Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire study of antenatal clinic attendees at four major health institutions within Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria. The time to conception showed a pattern closer to that of the USA than that of the UK and is consistent with high fertility previously recorded in the Igbo population. We conclude that the data will be useful in counselling women who present with difficulty in conception.

Poor Availability of Information Communication and Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa Health Sector: A Case Study of Nigerian Health Facilities: Availability of Information Communication and Technology in Nigerian health facilities

Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 2021

International Journal of Health Sciences and research, 2016

Background: Despite increasing availability HIV counseling and testing (HCT) services in Nigeria,... more Background: Despite increasing availability HIV counseling and testing (HCT) services in Nigeria, uptake among women of reproductive age has remained significantly low. Although, women are at greater risk of HIV infection many of them do not access HCT services. This intervention therefore designed to promote HIV prevention among women of reproductive age in Kogi State, Nigeria. Hence, this paper presents the achievements and implication of this programme. Methods: The project was a two-year intervention project carried out from 2013 to 2015 by five civil society organizations. A total of 30,520 women of reproductive age within the ages of 15 and 49 years were reached in 10 out of 21 local government areas. The minimum prevention package intervention (MPPI) was used for the implementation of project activities. Data were documented using various monitoring and evaluation tools. This was entered into DHIS2 while analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel. Data were presented using tables and charts. Results: The total number of community dialogues/advocacy held was 116 during this intervention and 2354 influencers participated. The only income generation activity during this project was held in 2014 and 80 people benefitted. Out of the 64651 pieces of condoms distributed, 71.0% was distributed in 2015. A total of 97708 peers were registered and only 10770 (35.3%) were reached with all the three stages of MPPI and 12892 (42.2%) were reached with HCT. Among these, 568 (4.4%) were tested positive to HIV. Conclusion: Many were reached with HIV minimum package prevention intervention however uptake of HIV counselling and testing services remains low. Understanding the hindrances affecting this is important in evolving appropriate and innovative approaches of reaching a significant proportion of them with the services.

Journal of Medical Laboratory Science, 2021

Background: Transplacental congenital malaria is a vertical transplacental transmission of malari... more Background: Transplacental congenital malaria is a vertical transplacental transmission of malaria parasites from the mother to the baby in utero or perinatally during labor. Cord blood that conveys oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus and return with carbon dioxide and other waste materials can transmit malaria pathogen. This study aims to establish early diagnosis of transplacental congenital malaria using cord blood biochemical and haematological indices. Methods: Cord blood from 164 babies delivered at three hospitals in Kogi State between January and December, 2020 were microscopically investigated for malaria parasite. Biochemical and Haematological analyses were done using SYSMEX XP-300, Roche 9180 and VIS Spectrophotometer model 721. The data obtained were expressed as mean ± standard deviation using SPSS 23. The indicator level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The results showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in values of WBC, platelet, sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, RBC, PCV, haemoglobin and MCHC in malaria infected cord blood when compared with the malaria negative control group. Significant (P<0.05) increased activities of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), total protein, bicarbonate and chloride in malaria infected cord blood was observed when compared with malaria negative group. However, there was no statistical significance difference in lymphocyte, MCV, MCH, neutrophil and mixed of both malaria infected and malaria negative cord blood. Conclusion: This study therefore suggests that cord blood biochemical and haematological indices could be a useful diagnostic tool in the management of transplacental congenital malaria in fetus and neonates.

Asian Research Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2021

International Journal of Tropical Disease & Disease

Journal of Health informatics in Developing countries, 2021

Background: The use of information communication and technology (ICT) in Nigeria has been proven ... more Background: The use of information communication and technology (ICT) in Nigeria has been proven to have changed how the treatment is provided for both in-patients and outpatients in health facilities. Yet, information about their availability is rare. This study aimed to determine the availability of ICTs in Nigerian healthcare facilities. Methodology: This was a facility-based survey conducted in 872 healthcare facilities in 33 states of Nigeria with the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, from May to July 2019. Data collection included individual interviews and site inspections. The data collected were analyzed with IBM-SPSS 25.0. Results: The study comprised 113 private and 759 public health facilities. The proportion of private and public facilities that use log forms recording orders was 86.7% and 79.8%, respectively. Computer availability was 52.2% in private 24.6% in public healthcare facilities. Basic handsets were the most available ICT tool, with 79.6% in private and 74.6% in public health facilities, mainly acquired by staff members. Availability of Local area network (LAN) was (23.9% vs. 8.4%) and WiFi (13.3% vs. 3.7%)) in private and public health facilities, respectively (p<0.001). The primary use of the ICT was for routine communication, with 76.1% in private and 70.6% in public facilities (p>0.05). In contrast, the use of ICT for other medical functions such as patient records and supply chain management was very shallow. Conclusion: There is a need for government and donor agencies such as the WHO and the United Nations to collaborate to ensure the provision of ICTs to Nigerian healthcare facilities.

International Archives of health sciences, 2020

Maternal mortality has been a major global health challenge that is very common in sub-Saharan Af... more Maternal mortality has been a major global health challenge that is very common in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. [1] The world health organization [2] defined maternal mortality as the death of a woman during pregnancy, during childbirth, or within 42 days after birth. Maternal mortality usually occurs in women due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth. [3] The majority of the complications that occurred during pregnancy can be avoidable or curable. Complications in women before pregnancy sometimes get worse during pregnancy, when not treated. The major complications that usually lead to maternal death include bleeding (usually after childbirth), infections (particularly after childbirth), high blood pressure, complications from or during child delivery, and unsafe abortion. [3-8] In 2013, an estimated 289,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide, and the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in developing countries was 14 times greater than in advanced countries. [9] According to the WHO report, [2] about 810 women died daily of preventable pregnancy and

Cesearean Section Rate and Acceptance of Cesarean Section Among Antenatal Clinic Attendees at the Kogi State University Teaching Hospital Anyigba North Central Nigeria

Asian Research Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jul 15, 2021

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2021

Journal of Case Reports and Scientific Images, 2020

Using the sisterhood method to determine the maternal mortality ratios in six local governments of Ondo State, Nigeria

International Archives of Health Sciences, 2020

International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical invention, 2020

International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020

Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine, 2019

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2017

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2016

Animal Production, 1989

Annals of medical and health sciences research, 2011

Waiting time to conception among the Igbo women of Enugu, Nigeria

Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2009

Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 2021

International Journal of Health Sciences and research, 2016

Journal of Medical Laboratory Science, 2021

Asian Research Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2021

International Journal of Tropical Disease & Disease

Journal of Health informatics in Developing countries, 2021

International Archives of health sciences, 2020

Melchizedek Publisher, 2000

A book on HIV and its prevention including prevention of mother to child transmission.

Proceedings of the 42nd scientific conference and annual general meeting of the society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria (SOGON), SOGON, Coal City 2008, 2008

A maternal mortality review from Kogi, North central Nigeria.