Ram Chandra Singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ram Chandra Singh

Research paper thumbnail of Computational Science and Its Applications

Research paper thumbnail of A Graphical User Interface for Palmprint Recognition

Research paper thumbnail of Footprint-Based Personal Recognition Using Dactyloscopy Technique

The uniqueness of human footprint has drawn attention of academia and industry in recent years an... more The uniqueness of human footprint has drawn attention of academia and industry in recent years and is emerging as a latest biometric trait for biometric authentication. A robust technique to be used for identification and recognition of an individual using footprint as a biometric trait has been proposed in this work. Most of the footprint recognition methods require segmentation or connected component analysis. The determinant values that produce the features of the human footprint are generally utilized in the recognition processes. Static footprint images of 94 individuals (57 males and 37 females) of different regions of North India between age group 15–25 years have been acquired using Dactyloscopy technique. Biometric performance parameters such as false accept rate, false reject rate, genuine accept rate, half total error rate, and accuracy have been computed. The experimental results show that the performance parameters computed for Dactyloscopy technique could be used for b...

Research paper thumbnail of Footprint Identification: Review of an Emerging Biometric Trait

Macromolecular Symposia, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of A Graphical User Interface-Based Fingerprint Recognition

Biometric authentication is a process of establishing an individual’s identity through measurable... more Biometric authentication is a process of establishing an individual’s identity through measurable characteristics of their behavior, anatomy, or physiology. Fingerprint recognition is a biometric technology that has been extensively used in a various range of contexts from immigration control on airports, transactions in banks, applying for a driving license, a passport to Aadhar card in India, and personal computing. In recent emerging technologies, the usability aspects of system design have received less attention rather than technical aspects. The researches on fingerprint have shown many challenges for users like placing fingers to capture fingerprints, system feedback, and instructions to use fingerprint systems. This paper proposes a Graphical User Interface (GUI) system for studying various operations in recognizing fingerprints for biometric identification of individuals using an iterative, participative design approach. During this process, several different layouts have b...

Research paper thumbnail of Highly efficient sandwich structured Perovskite solar cell using PEDOT:PSS in room ambient conditions

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract In recent years, Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have garnered immense popularity in the fi... more Abstract In recent years, Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have garnered immense popularity in the field of photovoltaics, due to its efficiency comparable to silicon solar cells and its ease of processing makes it cost effective. Owing to the vast scope of organic–inorganic metal halides in the field of Perovskite Solar Cell, we have designed and fabricated a sandwiched methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) based PSC using PEDOT: PSS as hole transport material (HTM) in room ambient condition. The PSC with architecture of FTO/TiO2/Perovskite/PEDOT: PSS/Pt, show a high efficiency of 15.24% at one sun condition. Owing to the fact that most of PSC are unstable at room ambient, our PSC affirms a stability of two hours, at room environment. In recent years, for the first time such high efficiency of PSC is reported in sandwich structure in ambient conditions. Since it is completely based on solution processing with no usage of vacuum deposition, it is very cost effective.

Research paper thumbnail of Dorsal Hand Vein-Biometric Recognition Using Convolution Neural Network

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2020

In this paper, a convolution neural network (CNN)-based vein recognition approach is used for dor... more In this paper, a convolution neural network (CNN)-based vein recognition approach is used for dorsal hand vein patterns. Apart from using pre-trained version, VGG Net-16 model is fine-tuned on four datasets of dorsal hand vein images (good quality, medium quality, and low quality) and augmented images (between the two images from genuine matching or false matching). All four datasets consist of dorsal hand vein images of left and right hands. The comparison of results proposed model is done with other CNN models like VGG Face and VGG-19 (with and without fine-tuned) along with a recent work based on transfer learning. The accuracy of recognition of proposed work using fine-tuned VGG Net-16 model obtained is 99.60% for good quality images; for medium quality images, it is 98.46%, and 97.99%; for low-quality images, it is found to be.

Research paper thumbnail of A computational approach to investigate the suitable ETL for lead-free CsGeI3 based perovskite solar cell

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract Over the past 10 years, organic–inorganic lead halides perovskite solar cell achieved ra... more Abstract Over the past 10 years, organic–inorganic lead halides perovskite solar cell achieved rapid evaluation in the field of photovoltaic technology. The developed devices already achieved maximum power conversion efficiency of 25.2%. Despite of this significant advancement the toxicity of lead and stability of device is the major concern. In the present study, computational approach is used to simulate perovskite solar cell with lead-free perovskite light absorbing layer. Inorganic lead-free light harvesting layer CsGeI3 is simulated with different electron transporting layers (ETLs) to investigate an appropriate ETL. The PSCs with C60 and SnO2 ETLs exhibited superior device performance with open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.64 V, 0.63 V; current density (JSC) of 20.64 mA/cm2, 21.60 mA/cm2; fill factor (FF) of 63.30%, 61.99%; and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.45%, 8.46% respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Density Functional Theory Applied to the Isotropic–Nematic Transition in Modified Gay–Berne Fluid

Indian Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of room ambient perovskite solar cell using nickel oxide HTM

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Orientational ordering in a modified Gay–Berne fluid: a density-functional approach

Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, 2016

ABSTRACT We present a density-functional approach to describe the orientational ordering in a mod... more ABSTRACT We present a density-functional approach to describe the orientational ordering in a modified Gay–Berne (GB) potential proposed by Qi et al. [Polymer. 2012;53:634–639]. In this potential, an attractive parameter is introduced for describing the strength of attractive force relative to its repulsive counterpart between large particles. The first-order density-functional theory is tested for GB molecules with axial ratio , and the set of parameters , concentrating on the effect of varying temperature. It is observed that as the strength of attractive parameter increases, the isotropic–nematic (I–N) phase coexistence densities and pressure are seen to be shifted towards high densities with increase in temperature. The theory is found to be in good agreement with existing simulation data for the study of I–N phase transition.

Research paper thumbnail of Tunable attractive interaction and the phase diagram of a system of Gay-Berne ellipsoids: A density functional approach

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016

Abstract Density functional theory has been used to investigate the effect of the variation of at... more Abstract Density functional theory has been used to investigate the effect of the variation of attractive interaction on phase diagram of a system of axially symmetric liquid crystalline molecules interacting via Gay-Berne intermolecular potential. The pair correlation functions of the isotropic fluid, used as structural input in the density functional theory have been calculated by using Percus-Yevick integral equation theory. Considering the isotropic, nematic and smectic A phases as the candidate structures, we observe that the transition parameters and the topology of the phase diagram changes significantly with the variation in the strength of attractive interaction between the molecules. The dominance of the attractive interaction over repulsive one, is found to cause an enhanced tendency of the system to freeze into smectic A phase. Both isotropic-nematic and nematic-smectic A transition densities and pressure are found to decrease as we increase the strength of the attraction among the particles. The pair correlation functions and phase transition parameters are compared with the available computer simulation results of the similar model potential and are found to be in good qualitative agreement.

Research paper thumbnail of Structure and orientational ordering in a fluid of elongated quadrupolar molecules

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Orientational Phase Transition of Long Elongated Gay–Berne Molecules

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2006

We have performed a detailed study of the temperature dependence and of the isotropic–nematic pha... more We have performed a detailed study of the temperature dependence and of the isotropic–nematic phase transition in a fluid of moderately long elongated molecules interacting via a Gay–Berne potential with anisotropy parameters x 0= 4.4, k′= 20.0, μ= 1, and ν= 1. The ...

Research paper thumbnail of Footprint Recognition with Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis

Macromolecular Symposia, 2015

ABSTRACT The finger print recognition, face recognition, hand geometry, iris recognition, voice s... more ABSTRACT The finger print recognition, face recognition, hand geometry, iris recognition, voice scan, signature, retina scan and several other biometric patterns are being used for recognition of an individual. Human footprint is one of the relatively new physiological biometrics due to its stable and unique characteristics. The texture and foot shape information of footprint offers one of the powerful means in personal recognition. This work proposes a footprint based biometric identification of an individual by extracting texture and shape based features using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) linear projection techniques. PCA is a commonly used technique for data classification and dimensionality reduction and ICA is one of the most widely used blind source separation technique for revealing hidden factors that underlie sets of random variables, measurements, or signals. In this study PCA and ICA have been compared for footprint recognition using distance classification techniques such as Euclidean distance, city block, cosine and correlation. Experimental results show that ICA performs better than PCA for footprint recognition.

Research paper thumbnail of About the Editor

The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Solution of the Percus-Yevick equation for pair-correlation functions of molecular fluids

Physical Review E, 1994

The Percus-Yevick (PY) integral equation has been solved for two model fluids:(i) a fluid of hard... more The Percus-Yevick (PY) integral equation has been solved for two model fluids:(i) a fluid of hard ellipsoids of a revolution represented by a Gaussian overlap model, and (ii) a fluid the molecules of which interact via a Gay-Berne [J. Chem. Phys. 74, 3316 (1981)] model ...

Research paper thumbnail of Structure and freezing of fluids interacting via the Gay-Berne (n-6) potentials

Research paper thumbnail of Wavelets in meteorology

This paper deals with the meteorological applications of wavelets and fuzzy logics and a hybrid o... more This paper deals with the meteorological applications of wavelets and fuzzy logics and a hybrid of wavelets and fuzzy logics. The wavelet transform has emerged over recent years as a powerful time-frequency analysis and signal coding tool favoured for the interrogation of complex non-stationary signals. It has been shown that the wavelet transform is a flexible time-frequency decomposition tool which can form the basis of useful time series analysis. It is expected to see an increased amount of research and technology development work in the coming years employing wavelets for various scientific and engineering applications.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of molecular elongation on liquid crystalline phase behaviour: isotropic–nematic transition

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2003

We present the density-functional approach to study the isotropic–nematic transitions and calcula... more We present the density-functional approach to study the isotropic–nematic transitions and calculate the values of freezing parameters of the Gay–Berne liquid crystal model, concentrating on the effects of varying the molecular elongation, x0. For this, we have ...

Research paper thumbnail of Computational Science and Its Applications

Research paper thumbnail of A Graphical User Interface for Palmprint Recognition

Research paper thumbnail of Footprint-Based Personal Recognition Using Dactyloscopy Technique

The uniqueness of human footprint has drawn attention of academia and industry in recent years an... more The uniqueness of human footprint has drawn attention of academia and industry in recent years and is emerging as a latest biometric trait for biometric authentication. A robust technique to be used for identification and recognition of an individual using footprint as a biometric trait has been proposed in this work. Most of the footprint recognition methods require segmentation or connected component analysis. The determinant values that produce the features of the human footprint are generally utilized in the recognition processes. Static footprint images of 94 individuals (57 males and 37 females) of different regions of North India between age group 15–25 years have been acquired using Dactyloscopy technique. Biometric performance parameters such as false accept rate, false reject rate, genuine accept rate, half total error rate, and accuracy have been computed. The experimental results show that the performance parameters computed for Dactyloscopy technique could be used for b...

Research paper thumbnail of Footprint Identification: Review of an Emerging Biometric Trait

Macromolecular Symposia, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of A Graphical User Interface-Based Fingerprint Recognition

Biometric authentication is a process of establishing an individual’s identity through measurable... more Biometric authentication is a process of establishing an individual’s identity through measurable characteristics of their behavior, anatomy, or physiology. Fingerprint recognition is a biometric technology that has been extensively used in a various range of contexts from immigration control on airports, transactions in banks, applying for a driving license, a passport to Aadhar card in India, and personal computing. In recent emerging technologies, the usability aspects of system design have received less attention rather than technical aspects. The researches on fingerprint have shown many challenges for users like placing fingers to capture fingerprints, system feedback, and instructions to use fingerprint systems. This paper proposes a Graphical User Interface (GUI) system for studying various operations in recognizing fingerprints for biometric identification of individuals using an iterative, participative design approach. During this process, several different layouts have b...

Research paper thumbnail of Highly efficient sandwich structured Perovskite solar cell using PEDOT:PSS in room ambient conditions

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract In recent years, Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have garnered immense popularity in the fi... more Abstract In recent years, Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have garnered immense popularity in the field of photovoltaics, due to its efficiency comparable to silicon solar cells and its ease of processing makes it cost effective. Owing to the vast scope of organic–inorganic metal halides in the field of Perovskite Solar Cell, we have designed and fabricated a sandwiched methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) based PSC using PEDOT: PSS as hole transport material (HTM) in room ambient condition. The PSC with architecture of FTO/TiO2/Perovskite/PEDOT: PSS/Pt, show a high efficiency of 15.24% at one sun condition. Owing to the fact that most of PSC are unstable at room ambient, our PSC affirms a stability of two hours, at room environment. In recent years, for the first time such high efficiency of PSC is reported in sandwich structure in ambient conditions. Since it is completely based on solution processing with no usage of vacuum deposition, it is very cost effective.

Research paper thumbnail of Dorsal Hand Vein-Biometric Recognition Using Convolution Neural Network

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2020

In this paper, a convolution neural network (CNN)-based vein recognition approach is used for dor... more In this paper, a convolution neural network (CNN)-based vein recognition approach is used for dorsal hand vein patterns. Apart from using pre-trained version, VGG Net-16 model is fine-tuned on four datasets of dorsal hand vein images (good quality, medium quality, and low quality) and augmented images (between the two images from genuine matching or false matching). All four datasets consist of dorsal hand vein images of left and right hands. The comparison of results proposed model is done with other CNN models like VGG Face and VGG-19 (with and without fine-tuned) along with a recent work based on transfer learning. The accuracy of recognition of proposed work using fine-tuned VGG Net-16 model obtained is 99.60% for good quality images; for medium quality images, it is 98.46%, and 97.99%; for low-quality images, it is found to be.

Research paper thumbnail of A computational approach to investigate the suitable ETL for lead-free CsGeI3 based perovskite solar cell

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract Over the past 10 years, organic–inorganic lead halides perovskite solar cell achieved ra... more Abstract Over the past 10 years, organic–inorganic lead halides perovskite solar cell achieved rapid evaluation in the field of photovoltaic technology. The developed devices already achieved maximum power conversion efficiency of 25.2%. Despite of this significant advancement the toxicity of lead and stability of device is the major concern. In the present study, computational approach is used to simulate perovskite solar cell with lead-free perovskite light absorbing layer. Inorganic lead-free light harvesting layer CsGeI3 is simulated with different electron transporting layers (ETLs) to investigate an appropriate ETL. The PSCs with C60 and SnO2 ETLs exhibited superior device performance with open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.64 V, 0.63 V; current density (JSC) of 20.64 mA/cm2, 21.60 mA/cm2; fill factor (FF) of 63.30%, 61.99%; and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.45%, 8.46% respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Density Functional Theory Applied to the Isotropic–Nematic Transition in Modified Gay–Berne Fluid

Indian Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of room ambient perovskite solar cell using nickel oxide HTM

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Orientational ordering in a modified Gay–Berne fluid: a density-functional approach

Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, 2016

ABSTRACT We present a density-functional approach to describe the orientational ordering in a mod... more ABSTRACT We present a density-functional approach to describe the orientational ordering in a modified Gay–Berne (GB) potential proposed by Qi et al. [Polymer. 2012;53:634–639]. In this potential, an attractive parameter is introduced for describing the strength of attractive force relative to its repulsive counterpart between large particles. The first-order density-functional theory is tested for GB molecules with axial ratio , and the set of parameters , concentrating on the effect of varying temperature. It is observed that as the strength of attractive parameter increases, the isotropic–nematic (I–N) phase coexistence densities and pressure are seen to be shifted towards high densities with increase in temperature. The theory is found to be in good agreement with existing simulation data for the study of I–N phase transition.

Research paper thumbnail of Tunable attractive interaction and the phase diagram of a system of Gay-Berne ellipsoids: A density functional approach

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016

Abstract Density functional theory has been used to investigate the effect of the variation of at... more Abstract Density functional theory has been used to investigate the effect of the variation of attractive interaction on phase diagram of a system of axially symmetric liquid crystalline molecules interacting via Gay-Berne intermolecular potential. The pair correlation functions of the isotropic fluid, used as structural input in the density functional theory have been calculated by using Percus-Yevick integral equation theory. Considering the isotropic, nematic and smectic A phases as the candidate structures, we observe that the transition parameters and the topology of the phase diagram changes significantly with the variation in the strength of attractive interaction between the molecules. The dominance of the attractive interaction over repulsive one, is found to cause an enhanced tendency of the system to freeze into smectic A phase. Both isotropic-nematic and nematic-smectic A transition densities and pressure are found to decrease as we increase the strength of the attraction among the particles. The pair correlation functions and phase transition parameters are compared with the available computer simulation results of the similar model potential and are found to be in good qualitative agreement.

Research paper thumbnail of Structure and orientational ordering in a fluid of elongated quadrupolar molecules

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Orientational Phase Transition of Long Elongated Gay–Berne Molecules

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2006

We have performed a detailed study of the temperature dependence and of the isotropic–nematic pha... more We have performed a detailed study of the temperature dependence and of the isotropic–nematic phase transition in a fluid of moderately long elongated molecules interacting via a Gay–Berne potential with anisotropy parameters x 0= 4.4, k′= 20.0, μ= 1, and ν= 1. The ...

Research paper thumbnail of Footprint Recognition with Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis

Macromolecular Symposia, 2015

ABSTRACT The finger print recognition, face recognition, hand geometry, iris recognition, voice s... more ABSTRACT The finger print recognition, face recognition, hand geometry, iris recognition, voice scan, signature, retina scan and several other biometric patterns are being used for recognition of an individual. Human footprint is one of the relatively new physiological biometrics due to its stable and unique characteristics. The texture and foot shape information of footprint offers one of the powerful means in personal recognition. This work proposes a footprint based biometric identification of an individual by extracting texture and shape based features using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) linear projection techniques. PCA is a commonly used technique for data classification and dimensionality reduction and ICA is one of the most widely used blind source separation technique for revealing hidden factors that underlie sets of random variables, measurements, or signals. In this study PCA and ICA have been compared for footprint recognition using distance classification techniques such as Euclidean distance, city block, cosine and correlation. Experimental results show that ICA performs better than PCA for footprint recognition.

Research paper thumbnail of About the Editor

The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Solution of the Percus-Yevick equation for pair-correlation functions of molecular fluids

Physical Review E, 1994

The Percus-Yevick (PY) integral equation has been solved for two model fluids:(i) a fluid of hard... more The Percus-Yevick (PY) integral equation has been solved for two model fluids:(i) a fluid of hard ellipsoids of a revolution represented by a Gaussian overlap model, and (ii) a fluid the molecules of which interact via a Gay-Berne [J. Chem. Phys. 74, 3316 (1981)] model ...

Research paper thumbnail of Structure and freezing of fluids interacting via the Gay-Berne (n-6) potentials

Research paper thumbnail of Wavelets in meteorology

This paper deals with the meteorological applications of wavelets and fuzzy logics and a hybrid o... more This paper deals with the meteorological applications of wavelets and fuzzy logics and a hybrid of wavelets and fuzzy logics. The wavelet transform has emerged over recent years as a powerful time-frequency analysis and signal coding tool favoured for the interrogation of complex non-stationary signals. It has been shown that the wavelet transform is a flexible time-frequency decomposition tool which can form the basis of useful time series analysis. It is expected to see an increased amount of research and technology development work in the coming years employing wavelets for various scientific and engineering applications.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of molecular elongation on liquid crystalline phase behaviour: isotropic–nematic transition

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2003

We present the density-functional approach to study the isotropic–nematic transitions and calcula... more We present the density-functional approach to study the isotropic–nematic transitions and calculate the values of freezing parameters of the Gay–Berne liquid crystal model, concentrating on the effects of varying the molecular elongation, x0. For this, we have ...