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Papers by Rishikant Sinha

Research paper thumbnail of Centile Charts of Fetal Kidney and Adrenal Gland Length: A Prospective Study in Indian Population in the State of Bihar

Journal of Fetal Medicine

Normal development of the fetal kidneys and adrenal glands is essential for a good crucial neonat... more Normal development of the fetal kidneys and adrenal glands is essential for a good crucial neonatal outcome. There is, however, paucity of data on normal fetal adrenal gland and renal length in populations of North India and this poses a not infrequent dilemma when an anomaly is suspected during the anomaly scan. The objective of this study was to obtain gestation wise data of fetal renal length and adrenal length for 18, 19, 20 and 21 weeks of gestation and construct a gestation age wise size chart. This was a cross sectional study of 128 consecutive normal pregnancies after exclusion of multiple gestations, maternal complications, congenital anomalies and a family history of congenial adrenal hyperplasia. Gestational age of the fetus was calculated from fetal biometry. Measurements were made in the sagittal plane as length including renal and adrenal, longest pole to pole length of kidney and adrenal gland length calculated as the difference between the values. The values were ana...

Research paper thumbnail of An Uncommon Case of Bilateral Posterior and Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome

International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery, 2020

Semicircular Canal Dehiscences (SCD) are rare and involvement of Posterior Semicircular Canal (PS... more Semicircular Canal Dehiscences (SCD) are rare and involvement of Posterior Semicircular Canal (PSCC) and/or multiple dehiscences are even rarer. A dehiscence of any of the semicircular canals may produce various auditory or vestibular symptoms by creating an abnormal communication between the inner ear and nearby structures. We report a rare case of multiple dehiscence with intracranially protruding PSCC and Superior Semicircular Canal (SSCC) beyond the margins of temporal bone with bony roof defects in bilateral PSCCs and SSCCs in a patient with chief complaints of positional vertigo.

Research paper thumbnail of A Prospective Study on Transvaginal Doppler Sonography of Endometrium in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, 2019

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the clinical profile and Transvaginal Doppler Sono... more Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the clinical profile and Transvaginal Doppler Sonography findings of endomterium in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: Detail history, clinical examinations and relevant investigations were performed to all cases of PMB. BMI was calculated. Transvaginal sonography of the uterus and Doppler analysis of the blood flow were performed using vaginal probe at 5-7.5 megahertz. Endometrial thicknesses as well as other pathologies in the cavity were noted. Resistive index was calculated. Results: Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26 software. One sample statistical methods was used. Mean ± standard deviation was observed. P-value was taken equal to less than 0.05 for significant differences. Conclusions: Highest prevalence of PMB was seen in women with age greater than 50 years. Most of the cases had BMI 20-25 kg/m2. Most of the benign and malignant cases had parity status P3-P4 and P1-P2 respectively. Endometrial thickness of ma...

Research paper thumbnail of Study of Foetal Ultrasound of Neuroectodermal Anomalies in Antenatal Mothers

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, Dec 11, 2019

This study was to evaluate the incidence, prevalence and various types of neuroectodermal anomali... more This study was to evaluate the incidence, prevalence and various types of neuroectodermal anomalies of foetuses in antenatal mothers. Methods: All pregnant women with intrauterine pregnancy of gestational age ranging from 12 weeks to Post-term cases were included for this study. We were studied on 21450 ultrasound scan of antenatal mothers, who were come for routine check up. Among them 50 foetuses anomalies were found. Results: Data was analyzed by using simple statistical methods with the help of MS-office software. All data was tabulated, and percentage was calculated. Conclusions: Neuroectodrmal anomalies of foetuses were commonly seen in maternal age group of 30-40 years and prevalence was 0.23%. Anencephaly and hydrocephalus associated with spina bifida were seen in most of the CNS anomalies foetuses. Spina bifida in the lower lumbar region associated with a meningocoele or myelomeningocoele was the most common. Hence, ultrasound is an effective investigative modality for in utero screening of congenital anomalies. Ultrasound imaging in antenatal period practically gives an anatomical record of the developing foetus. So that early detection of anomalies especially in first and early second trimester helps in planning termination, interventions and further management of neuroectodermal anomalies foetus.

Research paper thumbnail of Elephantiasis Neuromatosa in Neurofibromatosis Type I Mimicking Venocapillary Malformation

International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery, 2019

Elephantiasis neuromatosa is a rare clinical manifestation associated with the Neurofibromatosis ... more Elephantiasis neuromatosa is a rare clinical manifestation associated with the Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). A 14-year-old male presented with progressive non-tender swelling of left arm and forearm since birth, axillary freckling, café-au-lait macules and lisch nodules in left iris on slit lamp. X-ray, USG and MRI showed abnormality involving areas of the subcutaneous tissue, superficial and deep muscles and underlying bones of left arm and forearm with diffuse hypertrophy of subcutaneous fat with fatty and fibrotic tissue. Multiple vascular structures were seen throughout the arm and forearm with dilated subcutaneous, superficial and deep veins without evidence of arterial feeders. Possibility of diffuse neurofibroma or veno-capillary malformation was given. USG guided TRUcut biopsy confirmed neurofibroma.

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Computed tomography in Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Accidents

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Hysterosalpingography Versus Laparoscopy in the Determination of Tubal Factors in Female Infertility: A Hospital Based Comparative Study

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies

Objectives: Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy both are the diagnostic methods for assessment ... more Objectives: Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy both are the diagnostic methods for assessment of female infertility. The present study was to compare the evaluation of hysterosalpingography (HSG) versus laparoscopy in determination of tubal factors in female infertility. Methods: Detailed assessment, physical examination and clinical investigations were performed in all 100 infertile female with age 20 years to 40 years. All patients were advised to perform digital HSG. Patients with an abnormal HSG underwent laparoscopy without delay, whereas in patients with a normal HSG, laparoscopy was performed three months after HSG. HSG is best scheduled during the 2nd -5th day interval immediately following the end of menstruation, to minimize risk for infection, avoid interference from intrauterine blood and clot, and to prevent any possibility that the procedure might be performed after conception. Results: Data was analysed by using IBM SPSS version 23 software. All data was tabulate...

Research paper thumbnail of A Rare Presentation of Gall Bladder (GB) Mass in the Form of Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma (MANEC): A Case Report

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Research paper thumbnail of A prospective study on role of Doppler ultrasound in prediction of perinatal outcome of cases of Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research

Objectives: This study was used Doppler ultrasonograpy to evaluate the abonrmalities in fetuses o... more Objectives: This study was used Doppler ultrasonograpy to evaluate the abonrmalities in fetuses of women with clinical suspicion of IUGR. Methods: A detail history, clinical examination and relevant investigations were performed to all cases. Parameters was used included Doppler indices like Pulsatility Index (PI) values of the Umbilical Artery (UA), the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and the descending Thoracic Aorta (TA) of the foetus and the ratio of the PI values of MCA to UA (cerebroplacental ratio). Results: Data was analyzed by using simple statistical methods with the help of MS-Office software. Conclusions: Women with less than 30 years age group was more common to develop IUGR. Majorities of women were undergone caesarean section. Changed EDF was very common in both umbilical artery and thoracic artery of foetuses. AEDF was commonly seen in umbilical artery. Majorities of babies who had MCA and UA abnormality were admitted in NICU. Majorities of cases of caesarean section had foetal distress. Perinatal death was commonly seen in foetal with MCA involvement. Hence, we were found that Doppler ultrasonography is one of the best investigative modalities to diagnose intrauterine growth retardation.

Research paper thumbnail of Incidentally Detected Intranasal Supernumerary Tooth: A Case Report

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Research paper thumbnail of Centile Charts of Fetal Kidney and Adrenal Gland Length: A Prospective Study in Indian Population in the State of Bihar

Journal of Fetal Medicine

Normal development of the fetal kidneys and adrenal glands is essential for a good crucial neonat... more Normal development of the fetal kidneys and adrenal glands is essential for a good crucial neonatal outcome. There is, however, paucity of data on normal fetal adrenal gland and renal length in populations of North India and this poses a not infrequent dilemma when an anomaly is suspected during the anomaly scan. The objective of this study was to obtain gestation wise data of fetal renal length and adrenal length for 18, 19, 20 and 21 weeks of gestation and construct a gestation age wise size chart. This was a cross sectional study of 128 consecutive normal pregnancies after exclusion of multiple gestations, maternal complications, congenital anomalies and a family history of congenial adrenal hyperplasia. Gestational age of the fetus was calculated from fetal biometry. Measurements were made in the sagittal plane as length including renal and adrenal, longest pole to pole length of kidney and adrenal gland length calculated as the difference between the values. The values were ana...

Research paper thumbnail of An Uncommon Case of Bilateral Posterior and Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome

International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery, 2020

Semicircular Canal Dehiscences (SCD) are rare and involvement of Posterior Semicircular Canal (PS... more Semicircular Canal Dehiscences (SCD) are rare and involvement of Posterior Semicircular Canal (PSCC) and/or multiple dehiscences are even rarer. A dehiscence of any of the semicircular canals may produce various auditory or vestibular symptoms by creating an abnormal communication between the inner ear and nearby structures. We report a rare case of multiple dehiscence with intracranially protruding PSCC and Superior Semicircular Canal (SSCC) beyond the margins of temporal bone with bony roof defects in bilateral PSCCs and SSCCs in a patient with chief complaints of positional vertigo.

Research paper thumbnail of A Prospective Study on Transvaginal Doppler Sonography of Endometrium in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, 2019

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the clinical profile and Transvaginal Doppler Sono... more Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the clinical profile and Transvaginal Doppler Sonography findings of endomterium in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: Detail history, clinical examinations and relevant investigations were performed to all cases of PMB. BMI was calculated. Transvaginal sonography of the uterus and Doppler analysis of the blood flow were performed using vaginal probe at 5-7.5 megahertz. Endometrial thicknesses as well as other pathologies in the cavity were noted. Resistive index was calculated. Results: Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26 software. One sample statistical methods was used. Mean ± standard deviation was observed. P-value was taken equal to less than 0.05 for significant differences. Conclusions: Highest prevalence of PMB was seen in women with age greater than 50 years. Most of the cases had BMI 20-25 kg/m2. Most of the benign and malignant cases had parity status P3-P4 and P1-P2 respectively. Endometrial thickness of ma...

Research paper thumbnail of Study of Foetal Ultrasound of Neuroectodermal Anomalies in Antenatal Mothers

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, Dec 11, 2019

This study was to evaluate the incidence, prevalence and various types of neuroectodermal anomali... more This study was to evaluate the incidence, prevalence and various types of neuroectodermal anomalies of foetuses in antenatal mothers. Methods: All pregnant women with intrauterine pregnancy of gestational age ranging from 12 weeks to Post-term cases were included for this study. We were studied on 21450 ultrasound scan of antenatal mothers, who were come for routine check up. Among them 50 foetuses anomalies were found. Results: Data was analyzed by using simple statistical methods with the help of MS-office software. All data was tabulated, and percentage was calculated. Conclusions: Neuroectodrmal anomalies of foetuses were commonly seen in maternal age group of 30-40 years and prevalence was 0.23%. Anencephaly and hydrocephalus associated with spina bifida were seen in most of the CNS anomalies foetuses. Spina bifida in the lower lumbar region associated with a meningocoele or myelomeningocoele was the most common. Hence, ultrasound is an effective investigative modality for in utero screening of congenital anomalies. Ultrasound imaging in antenatal period practically gives an anatomical record of the developing foetus. So that early detection of anomalies especially in first and early second trimester helps in planning termination, interventions and further management of neuroectodermal anomalies foetus.

Research paper thumbnail of Elephantiasis Neuromatosa in Neurofibromatosis Type I Mimicking Venocapillary Malformation

International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery, 2019

Elephantiasis neuromatosa is a rare clinical manifestation associated with the Neurofibromatosis ... more Elephantiasis neuromatosa is a rare clinical manifestation associated with the Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). A 14-year-old male presented with progressive non-tender swelling of left arm and forearm since birth, axillary freckling, café-au-lait macules and lisch nodules in left iris on slit lamp. X-ray, USG and MRI showed abnormality involving areas of the subcutaneous tissue, superficial and deep muscles and underlying bones of left arm and forearm with diffuse hypertrophy of subcutaneous fat with fatty and fibrotic tissue. Multiple vascular structures were seen throughout the arm and forearm with dilated subcutaneous, superficial and deep veins without evidence of arterial feeders. Possibility of diffuse neurofibroma or veno-capillary malformation was given. USG guided TRUcut biopsy confirmed neurofibroma.

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Computed tomography in Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Accidents

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Hysterosalpingography Versus Laparoscopy in the Determination of Tubal Factors in Female Infertility: A Hospital Based Comparative Study

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies

Objectives: Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy both are the diagnostic methods for assessment ... more Objectives: Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy both are the diagnostic methods for assessment of female infertility. The present study was to compare the evaluation of hysterosalpingography (HSG) versus laparoscopy in determination of tubal factors in female infertility. Methods: Detailed assessment, physical examination and clinical investigations were performed in all 100 infertile female with age 20 years to 40 years. All patients were advised to perform digital HSG. Patients with an abnormal HSG underwent laparoscopy without delay, whereas in patients with a normal HSG, laparoscopy was performed three months after HSG. HSG is best scheduled during the 2nd -5th day interval immediately following the end of menstruation, to minimize risk for infection, avoid interference from intrauterine blood and clot, and to prevent any possibility that the procedure might be performed after conception. Results: Data was analysed by using IBM SPSS version 23 software. All data was tabulate...

Research paper thumbnail of A Rare Presentation of Gall Bladder (GB) Mass in the Form of Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma (MANEC): A Case Report

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Research paper thumbnail of A prospective study on role of Doppler ultrasound in prediction of perinatal outcome of cases of Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research

Objectives: This study was used Doppler ultrasonograpy to evaluate the abonrmalities in fetuses o... more Objectives: This study was used Doppler ultrasonograpy to evaluate the abonrmalities in fetuses of women with clinical suspicion of IUGR. Methods: A detail history, clinical examination and relevant investigations were performed to all cases. Parameters was used included Doppler indices like Pulsatility Index (PI) values of the Umbilical Artery (UA), the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and the descending Thoracic Aorta (TA) of the foetus and the ratio of the PI values of MCA to UA (cerebroplacental ratio). Results: Data was analyzed by using simple statistical methods with the help of MS-Office software. Conclusions: Women with less than 30 years age group was more common to develop IUGR. Majorities of women were undergone caesarean section. Changed EDF was very common in both umbilical artery and thoracic artery of foetuses. AEDF was commonly seen in umbilical artery. Majorities of babies who had MCA and UA abnormality were admitted in NICU. Majorities of cases of caesarean section had foetal distress. Perinatal death was commonly seen in foetal with MCA involvement. Hence, we were found that Doppler ultrasonography is one of the best investigative modalities to diagnose intrauterine growth retardation.

Research paper thumbnail of Incidentally Detected Intranasal Supernumerary Tooth: A Case Report

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH