Adam Smolinski - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Adam Smolinski
Energies
The main purpose of this paper is the techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production from biogas... more The main purpose of this paper is the techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production from biogas via steam reforming in a pilot plant. Process flow modeling based on mass and energy balance is used to estimate the total equipment purchase and operating costs of hydrogen production. The pilot plant installation produced 250.67 kg/h hydrogen from 1260 kg/h biomethane obtained after purification of 4208 m3/h biogas using a heat and mass integration process. Despite the high investment cost, the plant shows a great potential for biomethane reduction and conversion to hydrogen, an attractive economic path with ecological possibilities. The conversion of waste into hydrogen is a possibility of increasing importance in the global energy economy. In the future, such a plant will be expanded with a CO2 reduction module to increase economic efficiency and further reduce greenhouse gases in an economically viable manner.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
A series of seventeen 4-chlorocinnamanilides and seventeen 3,4-dichlorocinnamanilides were charac... more A series of seventeen 4-chlorocinnamanilides and seventeen 3,4-dichlorocinnamanilides were characterized for their antiplasmodial activity. In vitro screening on a chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7/MRA-102 highlighted that 23 compounds possessed IC50 < 30 µM. Typically, 3,4-dichlorocinnamanilides showed a broader range of activity compared to 4-chlorocinnamanilides. (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-en-amide with IC50 = 1.6 µM was the most effective agent, while the other eight most active derivatives showed IC50 in the range from 1.8 to 4.6 µM. A good correlation between the experimental logk and the estimated clogP was recorded for the whole ensemble of the lipophilicity generators. Moreover, the SAR-mediated similarity assessment of the novel (di)chlorinated N-arylcinnamamides was conducted using the collaborative (hybrid) ligand-based and structure-related protocols. In consequence, an ‘averaged’ selection-driven inte...
Scientific Reports
The hydro-mining technology is considered as a promising method of bituminous coal excavation. Th... more The hydro-mining technology is considered as a promising method of bituminous coal excavation. The paper presents the results of the in-situ experimental campaign and modelling of hydro-cutting technology application. The proposed innovative technology was tested in terms of the effects of the distance between the outlet of water from the nozzle and a sidewall, pressure of the water jet, as well as the type of a nozzle on hydro-mining effectiveness. The hydro-cutting tests of coal seam performed in the Experimental Mine “Barbara” in Poland proved that the increase in water pressure in the range 20–40 MPa only slightly affects the coal face structure, while high pressure, of 80–100 MPa, has a significant impact on a coal face structure. The experimental results also showed the major effects of operating time as well as the distance of the water jet on the effectiveness of coal face mining.
Recent Progress in Materials
In a lithium-ion battery, the crossing of its charging–discharging curves represents an unambiguo... more In a lithium-ion battery, the crossing of its charging–discharging curves represents an unambiguous current capacity. The reproduction of a complete charging–discharging cycle defines the maximum possible charge for a current battery state. When obtaining of the curves experimentally, one should consider the duration of polarization or depolarization. It is reported that the battery capacity depends considerably on the value of the battery’s internal resistance as this value defines the location of the actual charging–discharging curves relative to the nominal curves, i.e., the point of their crossing shifts. The present study aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm for the batteries of electric vehicles for a complete charge–discharge cycle, considering the processes of polarization and depolarization. The mathematical expressions for determining the internal resistance and the complete charge of the battery were obtained. The novelty of the present study is in the fact that by app...
Energies
Determination of the content of chemical elements occurring in waste in large, small and trace am... more Determination of the content of chemical elements occurring in waste in large, small and trace amounts was performed using two instrumental analysis techniques: ICP-OES—Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry and WDXRF—Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. Since such analyses are expensive and time-consuming, the objective of the work presented in this paper was the development of a quick and inexpensive method for preliminary, scanning-based identification of the chemical composition of tested samples (solid, bulk or powder) using standardless, semi-quantitative analysis. An optimized method of preparing samples for X-ray measurements by pressing into a durable tablet, universal for all materials tested, was developed. Moreover, limits of quantification were determined, and the uncertainty of the results obtained was estimated by comparing them with the results acquired with the use of the accredited calibration method, employing standards and cert...
Sustainability
Emission of air pollutants constitutes one of the major hazards to human health and life. Particu... more Emission of air pollutants constitutes one of the major hazards to human health and life. Particulate matter and harmful gases emitted by residential heating, especially, occupy a significant position among the sources of air pollution. This paper presents the research results concerning the composition of ashes obtained from the combustion of fuel samples composed of wood pellets, eco-pea coal, and coal pellets (trade name—VARMO) with various admixtures of waste materials. The study stand was equipped with a boiler having a nominal power of 18 kW. Several of the most characteristic chemical elements identified in the ash were used as the basis to classify the combustion of waste. A model based on a statistical method was designed. Within the framework of the research, a statistical multivariate technique, discriminant analysis, was applied. The statistical model was constructed for two groups of ash samples and 19 chemical elements indicating their contamination. The high predictio...
Processes, Apr 29, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Energies
Energy security is a main challenge in today’s economies [...]
Energies
Ukrainian electricity production sector is in a critical situation. It is necessary to increase t... more Ukrainian electricity production sector is in a critical situation. It is necessary to increase the coal production to ensure the continuity of electricity production. In this paper, an analysis of coal mining in western Donbas, Ukraine, was presented. The crucial thing is to increase coal production in this region. The new calculation schemes were proposed to increase coal extraction in Donbas mines. The coal pillar parameters, which are necessary for the effective control of the rock pressure caused by the stooping, were substantiated. The obtained parameters for the coal pillars will allow extracting more coal, safely and quickly dismantling the mechanized complex and effectively protecting the ongoing mine work. The case study helps determine the coal losses because of pillar leaving and to improve the stability of the main haulage roads located in the zone of the stooping effect as well as to achieve additional coal production in the mine. Such a technological solution allows t...
Materials
The use of waste as an energy source in cement clinker production is a promising way to transitio... more The use of waste as an energy source in cement clinker production is a promising way to transition toward a circular economy and limit carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. The cement industry is responsible for around 5% of global CO2 emissions. In this paper, the analysis of environmental and economic profits associated with the substitution of coal by two refuse-derived fuels (RDF) and sewage sludge (SS) in a cement kiln was presented. Differences in the fuel-related CO2 emissions were calculated for two-, three-, and four-component fuel blends based on the fuel consumption data, heating values, and the correspondent emission factors. The biogenic fraction content of 19% and 43% were measured in RDFs. The material balance of fuels with the assumed technological parameters of the cement clinker production installation (capacity of 6000 Mg per day and unit heat of 3.6 GJ) shows that the RDF heat substitution at the level of 90% allows for a saving of approximately 28.6 Mg per hou...
Journal of Physics Communications, 2020
The static field potential in quantum electrodynamics in the space of three dimensions (QED3) pro... more The static field potential in quantum electrodynamics in the space of three dimensions (QED3) produced by a point charge was investigated taking into account the polarization of the vacuum. The polarization operator is taken in the N − 1 approximation which was previously used to study the dynamic violation of chiral symmetry in QED3. An approximate analytical analysis is accompanied by numerical calculations; there is a good quantitative agreement between the results obtained using these methods. The case of massive dynamical fermions is considered. The limiting transition to the massless case is analyzed, as well as the confinement problem occurring in this model.
Energies, 2020
The paper presents a research study on modeling and computer simulation of injecting CO2 into the... more The paper presents a research study on modeling and computer simulation of injecting CO2 into the coal seams of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland connected with enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery. In the initial stage of the research activities, a structural parameter model was developed specifically with reference to the coal-bearing formations of the Upper Carboniferous for which basic parameters of coal quality and the distribution of methane content were estimated. In addition, a lithological model of the overall reservoir structure was developed and the reservoir parameters of the storage site were analyzed. In the next stage of the research, the static model was supplemented with detailed reservoir parameters as well as the thermodynamic properties of fluids and complex gases. The paper discusses a series of simulations of an enhanced coalbed methane recovery process with a simultaneous injection of carbon dioxide. The analyses were performed using the ECLIPSE softw...
Proceedings, 2019
Solvents are a group of chemical compounds that are widely used in organic synthesis. Taking into... more Solvents are a group of chemical compounds that are widely used in organic synthesis. Taking into account the chemical nature, solvents are divided into protic and aprotic ones. An attractive alternative to commonly used industrial extractive liquids is an anthropogenic, organosulfur medium—sulfolane. Sulfolane is a five-membered heterocyclic sulfur–organic compound from the group of sulfones (R-SO2-R’, where R/R’ is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl), which contains an apolar hydrocarbon backbone and a polar functional group. It is a selective solvent in the liquid–liquid and liquid–vapor extraction processes used for the removal of close-boiling alkanes from cycloalkanes or for the separation of compounds with different degrees of saturation and polarity in the extractive rectification of arenes from non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbon mixtures. In standard conditions sulfolane is not an aggressive solvent for steel, but at higher temperature (170–180 °C) and oxygen availability, it may be d...
Archives of Mining Sciences, 2017
There are many complex physical and chemical processes, which take place among the most notable a... more There are many complex physical and chemical processes, which take place among the most notable are the chemical reactions, mass and energy transport, and phase transitions. The process itself takes place in a block of coal, which properties are variable and not always easy to determine in the whole volume. The complexity of the phenomena results in the need for a construction of a complex model in order to study the process on the basis of simulation. In the present study attempts to develop a numerical model of the fixed bed coal gasification process in homogeneous solid block with a given geometry were mode. On the basis of analysis and description of the underground coal gasification simulated in the ex-situ experiment, a numerical model of the coal gasification process was developed. The model was implemented with the use of computational fluid dynamic CFD methods. Simulations were conducted using commercial numerical CFD code and the results were verified with the experimental...
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2016
Solid iron based low or medium temperature chemical loop is considered as a possible option of hy... more Solid iron based low or medium temperature chemical loop is considered as a possible option of hydrogen storage and production. In the method, hydrogen is produced via iron oxidation with steam, and in the next phase iron oxide is reduced with hydrogen, synthesis gas or methane. In the reduction stage the reaction is terminated when the atmosphere still contains a large fraction of the reducing agent (often over 70 vol.%). In the paper the innovative idea of a double, iron and germanium based, chemical cycle was proposed. The thermodynamic calculations show that the reduction stage in the double iron-germanium cycle is more effective than the classical iron based loop.
Processes
This research study investigates the modelling and simulation of biomass anaerobic dark fermentat... more This research study investigates the modelling and simulation of biomass anaerobic dark fermentation in bio-hydrogen production in a continuous plug flow reactor. A CFD multiphase full transient model in long-term horizons was adopted to model dark fermentation biohydrogen production in continuous mode. Both the continuous discharge of biomass, which prevents the accumulation of solid parts, and the recirculation of the liquid phase ensure constant access to the nutrient solution. The effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH and the feed rate on the bio-hydrogen yield and production rates were examined in the simulation stage. Metabolite proportions (VFA: acetic, propionic, butyric) constitute important parameters influencing the bio-hydrogen production efficiency. The model of substrate inhibition on bio-hydrogen production from glucose by attached cells of the microorganism T. neapolitana applied to the modelling of the kinetics of bio-hydrogen production was used. The mod...
International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
The use of low-quality coals and flotoconcentrates is currently severely limited, and the problem... more The use of low-quality coals and flotoconcentrates is currently severely limited, and the problem of managing municipal waste from anthropogenic activities is currently a challenge. The problems of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, utilizing the energy potential of waste and increasing its recycling have an impact on the costs of electricity production. Considering the abundant streams of unused fuels, they can be considered as attractive energy materials, so environmentally-friendly and cost-effective options for their utilization should be developed. A study was conducted using steam co-gasification technology on selected coals, flotation concentrates and Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) alternative fuel. Selected low-quality coals were combined with RDF alternative fuel in a process aimed at hydrogen production. The experiments produced gas with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 67% (vol.) to 68% (vol.) with low methane concentrations. It was observed that the addition of alternativ...
<p><b>PLS model of trace elements concentrations: (a) As, (b) Ba, (c) Cd, (d) Co, (e)... more <p><b>PLS model of trace elements concentrations: (a) As, (b) Ba, (c) Cd, (d) Co, (e) Cr, (f) Cu, (g) Mn, (h) Ni, (i) Pb, (j) Rb, (k) Sr, (l) V and (m) Zn in</b> μ<b>g/g, based on the parameters specified in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0159265#pone.0159265.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>, after correct identification and elimination of outlying elements.</b></p
International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
The efforts of the world research activities involved in clean coal technologies development focu... more The efforts of the world research activities involved in clean coal technologies development focus to a considerable extent on integrated hydrogen and power generation technologies based on coal gasification. As an alternative to combustion processes, gasification offers increased efficiency, lower negative environmental impact as well as wider application range of the main product—synthesis gas—in power generation and chemical syntheses. In order to select the most optimal lignite for the purpose of gasification, it is necessary to determine coal reactivity, the key parameter characterizing how fast the fuel reacts with the gasifying medium and controlling its process ability in thermochemical conversion to energy and/or energy carriers. This paper presents the experimental results of oxygen/steam gasification of lignite coal char in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and at the temperature of 700, 800 and 900 °C; the samples come from an open pit lignite mine in the so...
Energies
The main purpose of this paper is the techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production from biogas... more The main purpose of this paper is the techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production from biogas via steam reforming in a pilot plant. Process flow modeling based on mass and energy balance is used to estimate the total equipment purchase and operating costs of hydrogen production. The pilot plant installation produced 250.67 kg/h hydrogen from 1260 kg/h biomethane obtained after purification of 4208 m3/h biogas using a heat and mass integration process. Despite the high investment cost, the plant shows a great potential for biomethane reduction and conversion to hydrogen, an attractive economic path with ecological possibilities. The conversion of waste into hydrogen is a possibility of increasing importance in the global energy economy. In the future, such a plant will be expanded with a CO2 reduction module to increase economic efficiency and further reduce greenhouse gases in an economically viable manner.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
A series of seventeen 4-chlorocinnamanilides and seventeen 3,4-dichlorocinnamanilides were charac... more A series of seventeen 4-chlorocinnamanilides and seventeen 3,4-dichlorocinnamanilides were characterized for their antiplasmodial activity. In vitro screening on a chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7/MRA-102 highlighted that 23 compounds possessed IC50 < 30 µM. Typically, 3,4-dichlorocinnamanilides showed a broader range of activity compared to 4-chlorocinnamanilides. (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-en-amide with IC50 = 1.6 µM was the most effective agent, while the other eight most active derivatives showed IC50 in the range from 1.8 to 4.6 µM. A good correlation between the experimental logk and the estimated clogP was recorded for the whole ensemble of the lipophilicity generators. Moreover, the SAR-mediated similarity assessment of the novel (di)chlorinated N-arylcinnamamides was conducted using the collaborative (hybrid) ligand-based and structure-related protocols. In consequence, an ‘averaged’ selection-driven inte...
Scientific Reports
The hydro-mining technology is considered as a promising method of bituminous coal excavation. Th... more The hydro-mining technology is considered as a promising method of bituminous coal excavation. The paper presents the results of the in-situ experimental campaign and modelling of hydro-cutting technology application. The proposed innovative technology was tested in terms of the effects of the distance between the outlet of water from the nozzle and a sidewall, pressure of the water jet, as well as the type of a nozzle on hydro-mining effectiveness. The hydro-cutting tests of coal seam performed in the Experimental Mine “Barbara” in Poland proved that the increase in water pressure in the range 20–40 MPa only slightly affects the coal face structure, while high pressure, of 80–100 MPa, has a significant impact on a coal face structure. The experimental results also showed the major effects of operating time as well as the distance of the water jet on the effectiveness of coal face mining.
Recent Progress in Materials
In a lithium-ion battery, the crossing of its charging–discharging curves represents an unambiguo... more In a lithium-ion battery, the crossing of its charging–discharging curves represents an unambiguous current capacity. The reproduction of a complete charging–discharging cycle defines the maximum possible charge for a current battery state. When obtaining of the curves experimentally, one should consider the duration of polarization or depolarization. It is reported that the battery capacity depends considerably on the value of the battery’s internal resistance as this value defines the location of the actual charging–discharging curves relative to the nominal curves, i.e., the point of their crossing shifts. The present study aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm for the batteries of electric vehicles for a complete charge–discharge cycle, considering the processes of polarization and depolarization. The mathematical expressions for determining the internal resistance and the complete charge of the battery were obtained. The novelty of the present study is in the fact that by app...
Energies
Determination of the content of chemical elements occurring in waste in large, small and trace am... more Determination of the content of chemical elements occurring in waste in large, small and trace amounts was performed using two instrumental analysis techniques: ICP-OES—Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry and WDXRF—Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. Since such analyses are expensive and time-consuming, the objective of the work presented in this paper was the development of a quick and inexpensive method for preliminary, scanning-based identification of the chemical composition of tested samples (solid, bulk or powder) using standardless, semi-quantitative analysis. An optimized method of preparing samples for X-ray measurements by pressing into a durable tablet, universal for all materials tested, was developed. Moreover, limits of quantification were determined, and the uncertainty of the results obtained was estimated by comparing them with the results acquired with the use of the accredited calibration method, employing standards and cert...
Sustainability
Emission of air pollutants constitutes one of the major hazards to human health and life. Particu... more Emission of air pollutants constitutes one of the major hazards to human health and life. Particulate matter and harmful gases emitted by residential heating, especially, occupy a significant position among the sources of air pollution. This paper presents the research results concerning the composition of ashes obtained from the combustion of fuel samples composed of wood pellets, eco-pea coal, and coal pellets (trade name—VARMO) with various admixtures of waste materials. The study stand was equipped with a boiler having a nominal power of 18 kW. Several of the most characteristic chemical elements identified in the ash were used as the basis to classify the combustion of waste. A model based on a statistical method was designed. Within the framework of the research, a statistical multivariate technique, discriminant analysis, was applied. The statistical model was constructed for two groups of ash samples and 19 chemical elements indicating their contamination. The high predictio...
Processes, Apr 29, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Energies
Energy security is a main challenge in today’s economies [...]
Energies
Ukrainian electricity production sector is in a critical situation. It is necessary to increase t... more Ukrainian electricity production sector is in a critical situation. It is necessary to increase the coal production to ensure the continuity of electricity production. In this paper, an analysis of coal mining in western Donbas, Ukraine, was presented. The crucial thing is to increase coal production in this region. The new calculation schemes were proposed to increase coal extraction in Donbas mines. The coal pillar parameters, which are necessary for the effective control of the rock pressure caused by the stooping, were substantiated. The obtained parameters for the coal pillars will allow extracting more coal, safely and quickly dismantling the mechanized complex and effectively protecting the ongoing mine work. The case study helps determine the coal losses because of pillar leaving and to improve the stability of the main haulage roads located in the zone of the stooping effect as well as to achieve additional coal production in the mine. Such a technological solution allows t...
Materials
The use of waste as an energy source in cement clinker production is a promising way to transitio... more The use of waste as an energy source in cement clinker production is a promising way to transition toward a circular economy and limit carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. The cement industry is responsible for around 5% of global CO2 emissions. In this paper, the analysis of environmental and economic profits associated with the substitution of coal by two refuse-derived fuels (RDF) and sewage sludge (SS) in a cement kiln was presented. Differences in the fuel-related CO2 emissions were calculated for two-, three-, and four-component fuel blends based on the fuel consumption data, heating values, and the correspondent emission factors. The biogenic fraction content of 19% and 43% were measured in RDFs. The material balance of fuels with the assumed technological parameters of the cement clinker production installation (capacity of 6000 Mg per day and unit heat of 3.6 GJ) shows that the RDF heat substitution at the level of 90% allows for a saving of approximately 28.6 Mg per hou...
Journal of Physics Communications, 2020
The static field potential in quantum electrodynamics in the space of three dimensions (QED3) pro... more The static field potential in quantum electrodynamics in the space of three dimensions (QED3) produced by a point charge was investigated taking into account the polarization of the vacuum. The polarization operator is taken in the N − 1 approximation which was previously used to study the dynamic violation of chiral symmetry in QED3. An approximate analytical analysis is accompanied by numerical calculations; there is a good quantitative agreement between the results obtained using these methods. The case of massive dynamical fermions is considered. The limiting transition to the massless case is analyzed, as well as the confinement problem occurring in this model.
Energies, 2020
The paper presents a research study on modeling and computer simulation of injecting CO2 into the... more The paper presents a research study on modeling and computer simulation of injecting CO2 into the coal seams of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland connected with enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery. In the initial stage of the research activities, a structural parameter model was developed specifically with reference to the coal-bearing formations of the Upper Carboniferous for which basic parameters of coal quality and the distribution of methane content were estimated. In addition, a lithological model of the overall reservoir structure was developed and the reservoir parameters of the storage site were analyzed. In the next stage of the research, the static model was supplemented with detailed reservoir parameters as well as the thermodynamic properties of fluids and complex gases. The paper discusses a series of simulations of an enhanced coalbed methane recovery process with a simultaneous injection of carbon dioxide. The analyses were performed using the ECLIPSE softw...
Proceedings, 2019
Solvents are a group of chemical compounds that are widely used in organic synthesis. Taking into... more Solvents are a group of chemical compounds that are widely used in organic synthesis. Taking into account the chemical nature, solvents are divided into protic and aprotic ones. An attractive alternative to commonly used industrial extractive liquids is an anthropogenic, organosulfur medium—sulfolane. Sulfolane is a five-membered heterocyclic sulfur–organic compound from the group of sulfones (R-SO2-R’, where R/R’ is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl), which contains an apolar hydrocarbon backbone and a polar functional group. It is a selective solvent in the liquid–liquid and liquid–vapor extraction processes used for the removal of close-boiling alkanes from cycloalkanes or for the separation of compounds with different degrees of saturation and polarity in the extractive rectification of arenes from non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbon mixtures. In standard conditions sulfolane is not an aggressive solvent for steel, but at higher temperature (170–180 °C) and oxygen availability, it may be d...
Archives of Mining Sciences, 2017
There are many complex physical and chemical processes, which take place among the most notable a... more There are many complex physical and chemical processes, which take place among the most notable are the chemical reactions, mass and energy transport, and phase transitions. The process itself takes place in a block of coal, which properties are variable and not always easy to determine in the whole volume. The complexity of the phenomena results in the need for a construction of a complex model in order to study the process on the basis of simulation. In the present study attempts to develop a numerical model of the fixed bed coal gasification process in homogeneous solid block with a given geometry were mode. On the basis of analysis and description of the underground coal gasification simulated in the ex-situ experiment, a numerical model of the coal gasification process was developed. The model was implemented with the use of computational fluid dynamic CFD methods. Simulations were conducted using commercial numerical CFD code and the results were verified with the experimental...
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2016
Solid iron based low or medium temperature chemical loop is considered as a possible option of hy... more Solid iron based low or medium temperature chemical loop is considered as a possible option of hydrogen storage and production. In the method, hydrogen is produced via iron oxidation with steam, and in the next phase iron oxide is reduced with hydrogen, synthesis gas or methane. In the reduction stage the reaction is terminated when the atmosphere still contains a large fraction of the reducing agent (often over 70 vol.%). In the paper the innovative idea of a double, iron and germanium based, chemical cycle was proposed. The thermodynamic calculations show that the reduction stage in the double iron-germanium cycle is more effective than the classical iron based loop.
Processes
This research study investigates the modelling and simulation of biomass anaerobic dark fermentat... more This research study investigates the modelling and simulation of biomass anaerobic dark fermentation in bio-hydrogen production in a continuous plug flow reactor. A CFD multiphase full transient model in long-term horizons was adopted to model dark fermentation biohydrogen production in continuous mode. Both the continuous discharge of biomass, which prevents the accumulation of solid parts, and the recirculation of the liquid phase ensure constant access to the nutrient solution. The effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH and the feed rate on the bio-hydrogen yield and production rates were examined in the simulation stage. Metabolite proportions (VFA: acetic, propionic, butyric) constitute important parameters influencing the bio-hydrogen production efficiency. The model of substrate inhibition on bio-hydrogen production from glucose by attached cells of the microorganism T. neapolitana applied to the modelling of the kinetics of bio-hydrogen production was used. The mod...
International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
The use of low-quality coals and flotoconcentrates is currently severely limited, and the problem... more The use of low-quality coals and flotoconcentrates is currently severely limited, and the problem of managing municipal waste from anthropogenic activities is currently a challenge. The problems of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, utilizing the energy potential of waste and increasing its recycling have an impact on the costs of electricity production. Considering the abundant streams of unused fuels, they can be considered as attractive energy materials, so environmentally-friendly and cost-effective options for their utilization should be developed. A study was conducted using steam co-gasification technology on selected coals, flotation concentrates and Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) alternative fuel. Selected low-quality coals were combined with RDF alternative fuel in a process aimed at hydrogen production. The experiments produced gas with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 67% (vol.) to 68% (vol.) with low methane concentrations. It was observed that the addition of alternativ...
<p><b>PLS model of trace elements concentrations: (a) As, (b) Ba, (c) Cd, (d) Co, (e)... more <p><b>PLS model of trace elements concentrations: (a) As, (b) Ba, (c) Cd, (d) Co, (e) Cr, (f) Cu, (g) Mn, (h) Ni, (i) Pb, (j) Rb, (k) Sr, (l) V and (m) Zn in</b> μ<b>g/g, based on the parameters specified in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0159265#pone.0159265.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>, after correct identification and elimination of outlying elements.</b></p
International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
The efforts of the world research activities involved in clean coal technologies development focu... more The efforts of the world research activities involved in clean coal technologies development focus to a considerable extent on integrated hydrogen and power generation technologies based on coal gasification. As an alternative to combustion processes, gasification offers increased efficiency, lower negative environmental impact as well as wider application range of the main product—synthesis gas—in power generation and chemical syntheses. In order to select the most optimal lignite for the purpose of gasification, it is necessary to determine coal reactivity, the key parameter characterizing how fast the fuel reacts with the gasifying medium and controlling its process ability in thermochemical conversion to energy and/or energy carriers. This paper presents the experimental results of oxygen/steam gasification of lignite coal char in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and at the temperature of 700, 800 and 900 °C; the samples come from an open pit lignite mine in the so...