Sneha Babaria - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sneha Babaria
Global journal of transfusion medicine, 2024
Mycoses, Jul 8, 2022
BackgroundIndia is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response ag... more BackgroundIndia is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response against fungi in chronicity and dissemination is topic of ongoing research. We conducted cross‐sectional comparative study to determine the difference in Th1 (IFN‐γ) and Th2 (IL4) response in serum and tissue between acute and localised vs. chronic and disseminated cases.MethodsPatients (18–60 years) were divided in two groups—group A (n = 114, BSA <5%, single anatomic site, duration <6 months, n = 118) and group B (n = 107 BSA >10%, > one anatomic site, duration >12 months, n = 118). Clinical parameters along with serum levels of IgE, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ and expression of IL4 and IFN‐γ in dermal infiltrate were compared between group.ResultsTrichophyton mentagrophytes complex was commonest causative fungi. Serum levels of IgE were significantly higher (median A‐539.2, B‐2901.0, p < .001) whereas levels IL‐4(median A‐21.3, B‐20.4, p < .001) and IFN‐γ(median A‐9.6, B‐5.1, p < .001) were significantly lower in chronic cases. Expression of IL‐4 was observed in most biopsy specimens in both groups without any difference in intensity of staining. Expression of IFN‐γ was not detected in all but one specimen across both the groups. Severe itching (OR:0.050, CI:0.018, 0.139, p < .001), sign of topical steroid abuse (OR:0.203,CI:0.077, 0.537; p = .001), ↓IFN‐γ (OR:4.683, CI:1.634, 13.418; p = .004) correlated significantly and independently with chronic dermatophytosis.ConclusionOur study shows chronic and disseminated cases of dermatophytosis differ immunologically in terms of higher IgE, and lower IL4 and IFN‐γ. Expression of IL4 is present in tissue of both acute, localised and chronic disseminated cases. Expression of IFN‐γ cannot be established in our study.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2022
The GISTs arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal, the pacemaker cells, comprising <1% of all ... more The GISTs arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal, the pacemaker cells, comprising <1% of all primary GIT tract neoplasms [1]. The peak age of occurrence is 60-65 years, equally affecting males and females, which may be detected incidentally radiologically or present with abdominal symptoms [2]. More than 60% of them take place in the stomach. EGIST occur in the omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum, and perineum. Histomorphologically, GISTs are hypocellular to densely cellular lesions [1]. The identification of primary mutations in KIT (tyrosine-protein kinase) (75-80%) or Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PGFRA) (7-15%) genes by IHC has revolutionised the diagnosis and led to the development of targeted therapy [1]. The diagnosis and treatment of small GISTs are important as surgery is the mainstay of treatment in Asian countries as compared to medical therapy in western countries. Optimal treatment of GISTs requires a team effort, including gastroenterologists, surgical and medical oncologists, pathologists, and radiologists [3]. This case series was done to study the clinicopathological, histomorphological, and IHC spectrum of GISTs along with their risk stratification according to the modified Miettinen and Lasota's algorithm [4]. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging (TNM) 8 th edition was used for staging and grading [5]. Following permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Clinical Research (No. 289/2021) was approved, eight patients with GISTs diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2020 are presented in this case series. CASE SERIES Case 1 A 36-year-old man presented to the Department of Surgery with chief complaints of epigastric discomfort for a month and vomiting for five days. A well-defined, spherical, broad-based isoechoic lesion measuring 4.3x3.4 cm with central anechoic cystic regions was seen on Ultrasound Sonography (USG), emerging from the wall of the pylorus producing luminal compression and stomach dilatation. A comparable tumour was detected using Contrast-Enhanced Computer Tomography (CECT), which raised the probability of GIST. Based on clinical findings and radiological investigations, the possibility of GIST or leiomyoma was considered. The histopathology laboratory received a 0.5 cm size upper GI scopy biopsy which microscopically showed mainly moderate chronic inflammation with no submucosal tissue. Eventually, excision of mass with distal stomach, pylorus and omentum was performed. Grossly, a submucosal tumour in region of pylorus measuring 4.0x3.5x3.0 cm was seen. The cut surface of the tumour was well-circumscribed, greyish-white with a few cystic areas. Sections from the tumour showed spindle cells arranged in fascicles and whorls with a round to oval nucleus with minimal pleomorphism and eosinophilic cytoplasm with pointed ends [Table/Fig-1a]. Mitosis was <5 per 20-25 hpf (high power field). Omentum was free from metastasis. A diagnosis of spindle cell tumour, suggestive of GIST, grade G1, very low-risk category was given. Strong, diffuse IHC positivity for CD117 [Table/Fig-1b] and vimentin confirmed the provisional diagnosis. S-100 was weakly positive and desmin was negative, which excluded neural and smooth muscle origin tumours. For six months there was no recurrence after which the patient was lost to follow-up. Case 2 A 75 year-old-male consulted a general surgeon at the Outpatient Department (OPD) for symptoms of increased frequency of stool with difficulty in defecation for six months and weakness for one year. For 20 days he felt a mass in the left iliac fossa. On
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to know the role and utility of platelet indices (MP... more Objectives: The objectives of the study were to know the role and utility of platelet indices (MPV and PDW) in differentiating the etiology of thrombocytopenia. Methods: This was a prospective and retrospective study of 400 cases of thrombocytopenia and 100 controls conducted over a period of 17 months from September 2020 to February 2022 at tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. All patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were radiation/chemotherapy, antiplatelet drugs induced thrombocytopenia, etc. EDTA blood samples were collected and further processed with a Sysmex KX-21 automated hematology analyzer. Platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) were noted and data were statistically analyzed between groups using t-tests. Results: Out of 400 cases, 304 belong to Group A (increased destruction of platelets) and the remaining 96 were in Group B (decreased production of platelets). Among Gro...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs) are rare tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), co... more Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs) are rare tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), consisting of <1% of all primary GIT neoplasms. Recent studies show an increased incidence, which may be due to improved diagnostic facilities. In contrast to the literature’s judgement and the findings of many Western research, which state that the stomach is the most common place, it was observed that the small intestine was more common. Consequently, the goal of this case series was to characterise the clinicopathological, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical spectrum of GISTs as well as their risk categorisation in accordance with the modified Miettinen and Lasota’s algorithm. Eight patients with GISTs diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2020 at tertiary care centre of Gujarat, India are presented in this case series. There was one young woman among the patients, others were middle or old age male or female and had a median age of 58.5 years. The most typical presenta...
Mycoses
BackgroundIndia is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response ag... more BackgroundIndia is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response against fungi in chronicity and dissemination is topic of ongoing research. We conducted cross‐sectional comparative study to determine the difference in Th1 (IFN‐γ) and Th2 (IL4) response in serum and tissue between acute and localised vs. chronic and disseminated cases.MethodsPatients (18–60 years) were divided in two groups—group A (n = 114, BSA <5%, single anatomic site, duration <6 months, n = 118) and group B (n = 107 BSA >10%, > one anatomic site, duration >12 months, n = 118). Clinical parameters along with serum levels of IgE, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ and expression of IL4 and IFN‐γ in dermal infiltrate were compared between group.ResultsTrichophyton mentagrophytes complex was commonest causative fungi. Serum levels of IgE were significantly higher (median A‐539.2, B‐2901.0, p < .001) whereas levels IL‐4(median A‐21.3, B‐20.4, p < .001) and IFN‐γ(median A‐9.6, B‐5.1, p ...
Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Att... more Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background: Abnormalities of hemoglobin synthesis are among the most common inherited disorders. Cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography offers a reliable tool for early, accurate detection thereby aiding in the prevention and management of thalassemia major and various hemoglobinopathies.
Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2018
Background: Ovarian lesions manifest in a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histologic... more Background: Ovarian lesions manifest in a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and patterns of these lesions at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Retreivement and collection of the data was done along with demographic data including age, sex, Ultrasonography/Computed Tomography findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Correlation of histopathological patterns was done with age, bilaterality, type, size & morphology of the lesion. Results: Follicular cyst was the commonest non-neoplastic lesion of the ovary. Surface epithelial tumor was the commonest tumor according to the histogenesis followed by germ cell tumor. Among the malignant surface epithelial tumors, commonest type was serous cystadenocarcinoma followed by endometroid carcinoma. Serous cyst adenoma was the commonest tumor in benign category. In germ cell tumors category, benign mature teratomas constituted highest numbers (15 cases). Six cases of sex cord stromal tumor and 2 cases of metastatic tumors were also detected in the study. Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that benign ovarian tumors were more common than malignant ones across all age groups. Though a majority of the tumors were benign, more numbers of malignant tumours were observed in our study as compared to those by other authors, which is an alarming finding. As most of the malignant ovarian tumors present late, development of methods for early diagnosis & regular screening is a pressing need today.
Results : Conclusion : Vitamin B12 deficiency is widespread. Among the population, groups at risk... more Results : Conclusion : Vitamin B12 deficiency is widespread. Among the population, groups at risk are older people, vegetarians, pregnant women and renal patients. The neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency are nonspecific and can be irreversible. Early detections are therefore important. The diagnostic use of HoloTC (active B12) allows the initiation of therapeutic measures before irreversible neurological damage develops. The present study was carried out, (i) to establish analytical validity of the active B12 assay, (ii) to investigate clinical utility of the parameter and (iii) to compare active B12 with total vitamin B12 We tested 50 serum/plasma samples for active B12, total vitamin B12 assay, hemoglobin levels and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The HoloTC levels were lower than normal range in the subjects. A significant positive correlation was observed between HoloTC levels and total vitamin B12 levels. HoloTC measurement is a useful option for assessing vitamin B1...
Global journal of transfusion medicine, 2024
Mycoses, Jul 8, 2022
BackgroundIndia is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response ag... more BackgroundIndia is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response against fungi in chronicity and dissemination is topic of ongoing research. We conducted cross‐sectional comparative study to determine the difference in Th1 (IFN‐γ) and Th2 (IL4) response in serum and tissue between acute and localised vs. chronic and disseminated cases.MethodsPatients (18–60 years) were divided in two groups—group A (n = 114, BSA <5%, single anatomic site, duration <6 months, n = 118) and group B (n = 107 BSA >10%, > one anatomic site, duration >12 months, n = 118). Clinical parameters along with serum levels of IgE, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ and expression of IL4 and IFN‐γ in dermal infiltrate were compared between group.ResultsTrichophyton mentagrophytes complex was commonest causative fungi. Serum levels of IgE were significantly higher (median A‐539.2, B‐2901.0, p < .001) whereas levels IL‐4(median A‐21.3, B‐20.4, p < .001) and IFN‐γ(median A‐9.6, B‐5.1, p < .001) were significantly lower in chronic cases. Expression of IL‐4 was observed in most biopsy specimens in both groups without any difference in intensity of staining. Expression of IFN‐γ was not detected in all but one specimen across both the groups. Severe itching (OR:0.050, CI:0.018, 0.139, p < .001), sign of topical steroid abuse (OR:0.203,CI:0.077, 0.537; p = .001), ↓IFN‐γ (OR:4.683, CI:1.634, 13.418; p = .004) correlated significantly and independently with chronic dermatophytosis.ConclusionOur study shows chronic and disseminated cases of dermatophytosis differ immunologically in terms of higher IgE, and lower IL4 and IFN‐γ. Expression of IL4 is present in tissue of both acute, localised and chronic disseminated cases. Expression of IFN‐γ cannot be established in our study.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2022
The GISTs arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal, the pacemaker cells, comprising <1% of all ... more The GISTs arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal, the pacemaker cells, comprising <1% of all primary GIT tract neoplasms [1]. The peak age of occurrence is 60-65 years, equally affecting males and females, which may be detected incidentally radiologically or present with abdominal symptoms [2]. More than 60% of them take place in the stomach. EGIST occur in the omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum, and perineum. Histomorphologically, GISTs are hypocellular to densely cellular lesions [1]. The identification of primary mutations in KIT (tyrosine-protein kinase) (75-80%) or Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PGFRA) (7-15%) genes by IHC has revolutionised the diagnosis and led to the development of targeted therapy [1]. The diagnosis and treatment of small GISTs are important as surgery is the mainstay of treatment in Asian countries as compared to medical therapy in western countries. Optimal treatment of GISTs requires a team effort, including gastroenterologists, surgical and medical oncologists, pathologists, and radiologists [3]. This case series was done to study the clinicopathological, histomorphological, and IHC spectrum of GISTs along with their risk stratification according to the modified Miettinen and Lasota's algorithm [4]. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging (TNM) 8 th edition was used for staging and grading [5]. Following permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Clinical Research (No. 289/2021) was approved, eight patients with GISTs diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2020 are presented in this case series. CASE SERIES Case 1 A 36-year-old man presented to the Department of Surgery with chief complaints of epigastric discomfort for a month and vomiting for five days. A well-defined, spherical, broad-based isoechoic lesion measuring 4.3x3.4 cm with central anechoic cystic regions was seen on Ultrasound Sonography (USG), emerging from the wall of the pylorus producing luminal compression and stomach dilatation. A comparable tumour was detected using Contrast-Enhanced Computer Tomography (CECT), which raised the probability of GIST. Based on clinical findings and radiological investigations, the possibility of GIST or leiomyoma was considered. The histopathology laboratory received a 0.5 cm size upper GI scopy biopsy which microscopically showed mainly moderate chronic inflammation with no submucosal tissue. Eventually, excision of mass with distal stomach, pylorus and omentum was performed. Grossly, a submucosal tumour in region of pylorus measuring 4.0x3.5x3.0 cm was seen. The cut surface of the tumour was well-circumscribed, greyish-white with a few cystic areas. Sections from the tumour showed spindle cells arranged in fascicles and whorls with a round to oval nucleus with minimal pleomorphism and eosinophilic cytoplasm with pointed ends [Table/Fig-1a]. Mitosis was <5 per 20-25 hpf (high power field). Omentum was free from metastasis. A diagnosis of spindle cell tumour, suggestive of GIST, grade G1, very low-risk category was given. Strong, diffuse IHC positivity for CD117 [Table/Fig-1b] and vimentin confirmed the provisional diagnosis. S-100 was weakly positive and desmin was negative, which excluded neural and smooth muscle origin tumours. For six months there was no recurrence after which the patient was lost to follow-up. Case 2 A 75 year-old-male consulted a general surgeon at the Outpatient Department (OPD) for symptoms of increased frequency of stool with difficulty in defecation for six months and weakness for one year. For 20 days he felt a mass in the left iliac fossa. On
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to know the role and utility of platelet indices (MP... more Objectives: The objectives of the study were to know the role and utility of platelet indices (MPV and PDW) in differentiating the etiology of thrombocytopenia. Methods: This was a prospective and retrospective study of 400 cases of thrombocytopenia and 100 controls conducted over a period of 17 months from September 2020 to February 2022 at tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. All patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were radiation/chemotherapy, antiplatelet drugs induced thrombocytopenia, etc. EDTA blood samples were collected and further processed with a Sysmex KX-21 automated hematology analyzer. Platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) were noted and data were statistically analyzed between groups using t-tests. Results: Out of 400 cases, 304 belong to Group A (increased destruction of platelets) and the remaining 96 were in Group B (decreased production of platelets). Among Gro...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs) are rare tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), co... more Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs) are rare tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), consisting of <1% of all primary GIT neoplasms. Recent studies show an increased incidence, which may be due to improved diagnostic facilities. In contrast to the literature’s judgement and the findings of many Western research, which state that the stomach is the most common place, it was observed that the small intestine was more common. Consequently, the goal of this case series was to characterise the clinicopathological, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical spectrum of GISTs as well as their risk categorisation in accordance with the modified Miettinen and Lasota’s algorithm. Eight patients with GISTs diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2020 at tertiary care centre of Gujarat, India are presented in this case series. There was one young woman among the patients, others were middle or old age male or female and had a median age of 58.5 years. The most typical presenta...
Mycoses
BackgroundIndia is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response ag... more BackgroundIndia is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response against fungi in chronicity and dissemination is topic of ongoing research. We conducted cross‐sectional comparative study to determine the difference in Th1 (IFN‐γ) and Th2 (IL4) response in serum and tissue between acute and localised vs. chronic and disseminated cases.MethodsPatients (18–60 years) were divided in two groups—group A (n = 114, BSA <5%, single anatomic site, duration <6 months, n = 118) and group B (n = 107 BSA >10%, > one anatomic site, duration >12 months, n = 118). Clinical parameters along with serum levels of IgE, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ and expression of IL4 and IFN‐γ in dermal infiltrate were compared between group.ResultsTrichophyton mentagrophytes complex was commonest causative fungi. Serum levels of IgE were significantly higher (median A‐539.2, B‐2901.0, p < .001) whereas levels IL‐4(median A‐21.3, B‐20.4, p < .001) and IFN‐γ(median A‐9.6, B‐5.1, p ...
Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Att... more Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background: Abnormalities of hemoglobin synthesis are among the most common inherited disorders. Cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography offers a reliable tool for early, accurate detection thereby aiding in the prevention and management of thalassemia major and various hemoglobinopathies.
Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2018
Background: Ovarian lesions manifest in a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histologic... more Background: Ovarian lesions manifest in a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and patterns of these lesions at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Retreivement and collection of the data was done along with demographic data including age, sex, Ultrasonography/Computed Tomography findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Correlation of histopathological patterns was done with age, bilaterality, type, size & morphology of the lesion. Results: Follicular cyst was the commonest non-neoplastic lesion of the ovary. Surface epithelial tumor was the commonest tumor according to the histogenesis followed by germ cell tumor. Among the malignant surface epithelial tumors, commonest type was serous cystadenocarcinoma followed by endometroid carcinoma. Serous cyst adenoma was the commonest tumor in benign category. In germ cell tumors category, benign mature teratomas constituted highest numbers (15 cases). Six cases of sex cord stromal tumor and 2 cases of metastatic tumors were also detected in the study. Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that benign ovarian tumors were more common than malignant ones across all age groups. Though a majority of the tumors were benign, more numbers of malignant tumours were observed in our study as compared to those by other authors, which is an alarming finding. As most of the malignant ovarian tumors present late, development of methods for early diagnosis & regular screening is a pressing need today.
Results : Conclusion : Vitamin B12 deficiency is widespread. Among the population, groups at risk... more Results : Conclusion : Vitamin B12 deficiency is widespread. Among the population, groups at risk are older people, vegetarians, pregnant women and renal patients. The neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency are nonspecific and can be irreversible. Early detections are therefore important. The diagnostic use of HoloTC (active B12) allows the initiation of therapeutic measures before irreversible neurological damage develops. The present study was carried out, (i) to establish analytical validity of the active B12 assay, (ii) to investigate clinical utility of the parameter and (iii) to compare active B12 with total vitamin B12 We tested 50 serum/plasma samples for active B12, total vitamin B12 assay, hemoglobin levels and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The HoloTC levels were lower than normal range in the subjects. A significant positive correlation was observed between HoloTC levels and total vitamin B12 levels. HoloTC measurement is a useful option for assessing vitamin B1...