Mohamed Moumaris - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mohamed Moumaris
Mohamed Moumaris, 2025
Some organelle adaptations that support survival in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, inside the ... more Some organelle adaptations that support survival in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, inside the life cycle in vertebrates and mosquitoes include the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, and apicoplast. This highly unfolded endoplasmic reticulum supports high protein synthesis for rapid parasite growth and replication. The mitochondrion plays a crucial role in this parasite, driving energy production and regulating metabolism. The apicoplast is a relict plastid from secondary symbiosis from a red algal-derived source, essential for lipid synthesis, isoprenoid production, and fatty acid elongation. Providing metabolites that are essential and not available from the host. Studies on these organelles may lead to new therapies against diseases like malaria and help resolve global health problems
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Plasmodium undergoes a sophisticated invasion process to enter red blood cells (RBCs), a critical... more Plasmodium undergoes a sophisticated invasion
process to enter red blood cells (RBCs), a critical step in its
life cycle. The invasion process is intricately regulated and
involves a series of well-coordinated events. Membrane
compartmentalization and dynamics play a central role in
this process. The parasite actively reorganizes its membranes
and manipulates those of the host cell to facilitate its entry.
Once inside, it resides within a parasitophorous vacuole, a
membrane-bound compartment that shields it from the
host’s immune defenses while allowing it to exploit host
resources. Understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms
underlying these membrane interactions provides valuable
insights into potential therapeutic targets.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Editorial MRI is a crucial tool in radiology, enabling non-invasive diagnosis, disease staging, a... more Editorial MRI is a crucial tool in radiology, enabling non-invasive diagnosis, disease staging, and treatment monitoring magnetic fields and radio waves. It produces detailed images by leveraging the magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms, allowing for precise anatomical insights without ionizing radiation. Techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) enhance tumor evaluation and understanding, aiding in the identification of high-risk patients and personalized treatments. MRI's capabilities extend to imaging soft tissues, particularly beneficial for neurological diagnoses and research. Advanced methods provide insights into brain activity, tissue microstructure, and disease mechanisms, especially in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Recent innovations, such as ultrahigh field MRI (7T), improve image resolution and facilitate the assessment of vascular health. These advancements enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Plasmodium, the parasite responsible for malaria, has a highly specialized endomembrane system to... more Plasmodium, the parasite responsible for malaria, has
a highly specialized endomembrane system to support
its life cycle. Beyond typical organelles like the nucleus,
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi apparatus, it features
unique compartments such as micronemes, rhoptries,
dense granules, and the parasitophorous vacuole, crucial
for invading host cells and evading the immune system.
As the parasite progresses through its stages, it undergoes
significant cellular changes, particularly in its ER and
Golgi, to meet increasing metabolic demands and export
proteins for host cell modification. Specialized organelles
like rhoptries and micronemes facilitate host cell entry,
while the actomyosin motor system drives its mobility.
These adaptations allow Plasmodium to survive within red
blood cells, making these mechanisms promising targets for
antimalarial therapies to disrupt the parasite’s life cycle and
reduce malaria transmission.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Plasmodium, the malaria-causing parasite, alters host red blood cell (RBC) membranes for survival... more Plasmodium, the malaria-causing parasite, alters host
red blood cell (RBC) membranes for survival. After entering
the RBC, it forms a parasitophorous vacuole and secretes
proteins that help transport nutrients and evade immune
detection. The parasite also changes the RBC membrane’s
lipid composition, making it more rigid and prone to vascular
blockages, leading to symptoms like anemia. It exports
proteins that cause infected RBCs to stick to blood vessel
walls, helping them evade spleen clearance and contributing
to severe complications like cerebral malaria. These
membrane changes allow the parasite to avoid immune
detection. Targeting these alterations, such as blocking RBC
adhesions or restoring membrane flexibility, could improve
malaria treatment. Understanding these processes helps to
develop better therapies.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Diagnosing malaria, especially Plasmodium knowlesi, is challenging due to its similarity to othe... more Diagnosing malaria, especially Plasmodium knowlesi,
is challenging due to its similarity to other species, which
often results in misdiagnoses. While rapid diagnostic tests
are unreliable and expensive PCR methods, loop-mediated
isothermal amplification (LAMP) presents an option that
needs further validation. Effective diagnostics are crucial
for accurate treatment. Plasmodium knowlesi can be fatal if
untreated and is typically managed with artemisinin-based
therapies, with no observed drug resistance, highlighting the
need for timely diagnosis. Plasmodium knowlesi is the main
in malaria research in vaccine and drug testing. However, the
focus is shifted to pig-tailed macaques, showing consistent
replication and immune responses. A new CRISPR/Cas9
technique enhances chromosome segregation in rodent
malaria parasites, advancing genetic research with broader
applications.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite found predominantly in Southeast Asia, presents a signi... more Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite found
predominantly in Southeast Asia, presents a significant
challenge to public health due to its ability to infect both
humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Mosquito vectors
of Plasmodium knowlesi are primarily Anopheles hackeri
and Anopheles latens. Recent advancements in molecular
detection have led to a surge in reported cases of knowlesi
malaria, shedding light on its prevalence. However, it’s
becoming increasingly evident that environmental factors,
such as deforestation, play a critical role in facilitating the
spread of this disease. To effectively address the threat of
knowlesi malaria, it’s imperative to comprehend the intricate
interactions among humans, NHPs, mosquitoes, and the
environment.
Moumaris Mohamed, 2024
Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite found in southeast Asia, can infect both primates and hu... more Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite found in
southeast Asia, can infect both primates and humans,
potentially causing severe malaria. It is closely related to
Plasmodium vivax, and its treatment utilizes chloroquine
or artemisinin combination therapy. Plasmodium knowlesi
presents significant health and economic challenges due
to its zoonotic nature. However, it also serves as a valuable
model for scientific research, aiding in vaccine development
and understanding malaria invasion mechanisms. Its use
facilitates progress in pharmaceutical investigations and the
establishment of in vitro culture methods with both primate
and human cells.
The Open parasitology journal, Jan 31, 2019
Paludisme "a word derived from Latin palus meaning swamp" or Malaria " a word derived from Italia... more Paludisme "a word derived from Latin palus meaning swamp" or Malaria " a word derived from Italian mala'ria meaning bad air", designed by the bad air from swamps, is an infectious disease caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium transmitted by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles generating millions of deaths each year. Biological membranes have a major role in cells invasion by Malaria parasites. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol are essential for the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium. Plasmodium binds to the erythrocyte membrane via glycolipids. Cholesterol is responsible for the uptake of host proteins and maintenance of intracellular parasitophorous vacuolar membrane. Malaria parasites invade red blood cells by binding to multiple membrane receptors at the level of the spectrin, band 3, actin, glycophorin, band 4.1, band 4.2, aquaporin-1, band 7, and ankyrin. Parasitic proteins such as the reticulocyte-binding like family bind to the membrane erythrocytic proteins and play a major role in the mechanisms of invasion of red blood cells by Plasmodium. Susceptibility to Plasmodium invasion is linked to the terminal stages of the differentiation of red blood cells. This review highlights the complex interactions between biological membranes and malaria parasites.
Open biological sciences journal, Apr 13, 2015
Dextran does not penetrate the living cells. However when the plasma membrane becomes permeable, ... more Dextran does not penetrate the living cells. However when the plasma membrane becomes permeable, it is concentrated in the cells. This is why we used fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran (FITC-Dextran, MW 4000) to identify apoptotic and necrotic cells by flow cytometry. Heat shock was used to induce cell apoptosis or necrosis. To induce apoptosis cells were heated to 43.5°C for 1 hour and then incubated at 37°C. Thereafter the cells were stained with FITC-Dextran or propidium iodide (PI), and analyzed by flow cytometry. FITC-Dextran stained the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus of 80% of the HeLa cells, while annexin V-FITC stained 43% of cells and PI stained the nucleus of 18% of cells. When heated at 50°C and 60°C, the percentages of necrotic cells increased proportionally to heat treatment, 41.7% and 77% of the cells were stained by FITC-Dextran, while 39.5% and 70.3% were stained by PI. FITC-Dextran was selectively internalized across plasma membrane after moderate heat shock. In contrast, in the necrotic cells, the permeability of the membrane was not selective and the percentage of cells stained with FITC-Dextran or PI, was equivalent. Our results indicate that FITC-Dextran can be used as a marker to reveal the cellular damage induced by heat shock and to study the early as well as the late stages of apoptosis.
Les souris c57bl/6 developpent des symptomes de la malaria cerebrale ves le 10eme jours apres l&#... more Les souris c57bl/6 developpent des symptomes de la malaria cerebrale ves le 10eme jours apres l'inoculation des souris par plasmodium berghei anka et meurent. Par contre les souris balb/c developpent progressivement une hyperparasitemie sanguine et meurent vers le 25eme jours. Le traitement par des acides gras durant les 4 premiers jours de l'infection protege les c57bl/6 des symptomes de la malaria cerebrale et meurent avec une hyperparasitemie. La mobilite electrophoretique cellulaire l'electrophorese en gel de polyacrylamide des proteines membranaires et la coloration au giemsa-cresyl ont permis d'identifie au cours de ces 4 premiers jours l'apparition d'une sous population d'erythrocyte jeune envahit preferentiellement par plasmodium berghei anka et parait jouer un role cle dans le declenchement de la pathologie de la malaria cerebrale.
![Research paper thumbnail of Lyme Disease: A Zoonosis Tick-Borne Borrelia Bacterium [1/4]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118917245/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology, 2002
Lyme disease, also called Lyme borreliosis, is a polymorphic disease associating cutaneous, neur... more Lyme disease, also called Lyme borreliosis, is a
polymorphic disease associating cutaneous, neurological,
cardiac, and articular symptoms. Lyme disease syndrome
is erythema migrans, fever, headaches, tiredness,
musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive complaints [1]. Lyme
disease was first discovered in 1975 by Allen Caruthers
Steere in Lyme City, Connecticut, in the United States. The
bacterium Spirochete, carried by Ixodes ticks causing Lyme
disease, was first discovered in 1982 by Willy Burgdorfer [2-
5]. The French physician and microbiologist Amédée Borrel
is the first who characterizes the Borrelia Spirochete.
The Open Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Journal, 2020
The current therapies against cancer showed limited success. Nanotechnology is a promising strate... more The current therapies against cancer showed limited success. Nanotechnology is a promising strategy for cancer tracking, diagnosis, and therapy. The hybrid nanotechnology assembled several materials in a multimodal system to develop multifunctional approaches to cancer treatment. The quantum dot and polymer are some of these hybrid nanoparticle platforms. The quantum dot hybrid system possesses photonic and magnetic properties, allowing photothermal therapy and live multimodal imaging of cancer. These quantum dots were used to convey medicines to cancer cells. Hybrid polymer nanoparticles were utilized for the systemic delivery of small interfering RNA to malignant tumors and metastasis. They allowed non-invasive imaging to track in real-time the biodistribution of small interfering RNA in the whole body. They offer an opportunity to treat cancers by specifically silencing target genes. This review highlights the major nanotechnology approaches to effectively treat cancer and metast...
Journal of Immunology Research, 2019
A new method for the detection by flow cytometry of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and of ci... more A new method for the detection by flow cytometry of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and of circulating immune complexes (IC) containing endogenous DNA (IC-eDNA) is described. From each serum sample, two samples were taken, one was used to detect IC-eDNA. The other to detect anti-DNA antibodies was incubated with calf thymus DNA. ICs were isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation or by cryoprecipitation, after which immunoglobulins were labeled with FITC-conjugated anti-human globulin. Serum samples from 63 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, 32 incomplete lupus, and 87 control patients were tested. Detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies by flow cytometry had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity almost comparable to routine tests, the fluorescent enzyme immunoassay EliA™-dsDNA test, and the ultrasensitive Crithidia luciliae indirect immunofluorescence test. In 21 (33%) out of 63 SLE serum samples, IC-eDNA was detected. In these samples, free anti-dsDNA antibodies wer...
The Open Medical Devices Journal, 2018
Biomedical engineering handles the organization and functioning of medical devices in the hospita... more Biomedical engineering handles the organization and functioning of medical devices in the hospital. This is a strategic function of the hospital for its balance, development, and growth. This is a major focus in internal and external reports of the hospital. It's based on piloting of medical devices needs and the procedures of biomedical teams’ intervention. Multi-year projects of capital and operating expenditure in medical devices are planned as coherently as possible with the hospital's financial budgets. An information system is an essential tool for monitoring medical devices engineering and relationship with medical services.
The Open Immunology Journal, 2012
Phospholipids (PLs) are the target for the clearance of apoptotic cells, and for the innate defen... more Phospholipids (PLs) are the target for the clearance of apoptotic cells, and for the innate defense against malignant cancers or microbial infections. Several types of receptors for PLs were described on T lymphocytes, but not yet on B lymphocytes. To detect PLs binding lymphocytes two assays were used: a-FITC labelled liposomes, b-Petri dish coated with different PLs. The phenotype of lymphocytes was determined by FACS, using anti-CD mAb and anti-Ig polyclonal antibodies. Human lymphocytes bind PLs, the binding ratio decreases in the order phosphatidylserine (PS), cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. In healthy blood donors (n=17), 29% of B lymphocytes, 17% of NK cells, 9% of TCD4 + , and 4% of TCD8 + bind PS. Among B cells, the binding ratio varies with the subset, 49% for naïve cells (sIgM + sIgD +), 42% for sIgA + , and 15% for sIgG + B cells. PL binding was not affected by the CD5 phenotype of B lymphocytes, nor by the HIV status of the donors (n=16) or the presence in the sera of IgG anti-CL antibodies. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with proteases inhibited the binding of PL, suggesting that binding is due to surface proteins. For each type of lymphocytes the various kinds of surface proteins which bind lipids, pattern recognition receptors, surface immunoglobulins, the lipid antigen presenting molecules CD1, and the CD1-restricted lipid antigen reactive TCR of NKT cells, are discussed.
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie, 1995
Recombinant human annexin V was bound covalently to 9 nm maghemite (gamma Fe2O3) nanoparticles, y... more Recombinant human annexin V was bound covalently to 9 nm maghemite (gamma Fe2O3) nanoparticles, yielding annexin-ferrofluid (AnxFF), and used to separate annexin-bound red blood cells (RBC) in a magnetic field and estimate their percentage in various bloods. Annexin binding in normal human RBC increased proportionately with storage from 8% on day 2 to 42% on day 100. Enhanced AnxFF binding was associated with various pathologies. Thus, normal blood contained 10.7 +/- 5.9% AnxFF binding RBC; bloods with normal sedimentation rates (albeit with some disease necessitating analysis) contained 23.5 +/- 6.2%; those with high sedimentation rates contained 51.5 +/- 12.3%; sickle cell anaemia patients' blood contained 50.0 +/- 9.3%, and bloods from patients with other pathologies (deforming rheumatic disease, cancer necessitating chemotherapy, etc.) contained 58.6 +/- 7.6% AnxFF binding RBC. Enhanced Ca+2-dependent annexin binding reflects a loss of the asymmetric distribution of anionic ...
The Journal of Parasitology, 1995
Cerebral malaria-susceptible (C57BL/6) mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) developed... more Cerebral malaria-susceptible (C57BL/6) mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) developed low parasitemia and died from typical neurological symptoms between 8 to 10 days after infection. In contrast, nonsusceptible (BALB/c) mice developed high peripheral blood parasitemia and died 22-24 days later without neurological implications. Daily injections of fatty acids (FA) during the first 3 days after infection protected C57BL/6 mice from cerebral symptoms but had no effect on BALB/c mice. Thus, treated C57BL/6 mice developed hyperparasitemia and died 25 days after infection, like BALB/c mice. Red blood cells from C57BL/6 control mice were found to be more resistant to lysis by linoleic acid than those of BALB/c mice. Three days following infection with PbA, these differences disappeared. Treatment with FA prevented these changes. We concluded that the host's cells were altered soon after infection and that the nature and degree of alterations depended on the mouse strain, thus determining the eventual outcome of the infection. Likewise, the effects of FA might not be directed against the parasite but rather seem to act early after infection on these parasite-induced modifications of host cells.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Recent years have seen significant progress in cancer treatment, notably through innovations like... more Recent years have seen significant progress in cancer treatment, notably through innovations like immunotherapy and genetic modifications. However, the diverse nature of cancer cells, especially in solid tumors, remains a significant hurdle. While successes have been notable in bloodrelated cancers, extending therapies like CAR T cell therapy to solid tumors is complex. CAR T therapy is effective against B-cell malignancies and faces challenges in solid tumors due to the need for specific cancer antigens. This editorial examines CAR T therapy, particularly in solid tumors, highlighting the urgent need for new treatment approaches. Targeting antigens like B7-H3 shows promise, but obstacles remain, including understanding the tumor microenvironment and identifying suitable antigens.
Mohamed Moumaris , 2024
Malaria remains a global health concern, causing 300- 500 million infections and 1.5-2.7 millio... more Malaria remains a global health concern, causing 300-
500 million infections and 1.5-2.7 million deaths each year,
primarily among young children in sub-Saharan Africa,
Southeast Asia, and Latin America. The disease is not easy to
prevent due to its complexity and drug resistance. Plasmodium
knowlesi, which infects both humans and macaques,
complicates diagnosis and treatment with its unique 24-hour
fever cycle and potential for severe symptoms. Plasmodium
knowlesi is especially problematic in areas where humans
and macaques interact, often misdiagnosed as Plasmodium
malariae, although PCR methods have improved accuracy.
Early detection and artemisinin-based combination
therapies (ACTs) are crucial, with severe cases requiring
urgent medical care. In Malaysia, Plasmodium knowlesi is
the leading cause of malaria, impacting forest workers and
underscoring the need for education and mosquito control.
Despite advances in molecular tools and genome sequencing,
malaria still leads to around half a million deaths annually.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2025
Some organelle adaptations that support survival in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, inside the ... more Some organelle adaptations that support survival in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, inside the life cycle in vertebrates and mosquitoes include the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, and apicoplast. This highly unfolded endoplasmic reticulum supports high protein synthesis for rapid parasite growth and replication. The mitochondrion plays a crucial role in this parasite, driving energy production and regulating metabolism. The apicoplast is a relict plastid from secondary symbiosis from a red algal-derived source, essential for lipid synthesis, isoprenoid production, and fatty acid elongation. Providing metabolites that are essential and not available from the host. Studies on these organelles may lead to new therapies against diseases like malaria and help resolve global health problems
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Plasmodium undergoes a sophisticated invasion process to enter red blood cells (RBCs), a critical... more Plasmodium undergoes a sophisticated invasion
process to enter red blood cells (RBCs), a critical step in its
life cycle. The invasion process is intricately regulated and
involves a series of well-coordinated events. Membrane
compartmentalization and dynamics play a central role in
this process. The parasite actively reorganizes its membranes
and manipulates those of the host cell to facilitate its entry.
Once inside, it resides within a parasitophorous vacuole, a
membrane-bound compartment that shields it from the
host’s immune defenses while allowing it to exploit host
resources. Understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms
underlying these membrane interactions provides valuable
insights into potential therapeutic targets.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Editorial MRI is a crucial tool in radiology, enabling non-invasive diagnosis, disease staging, a... more Editorial MRI is a crucial tool in radiology, enabling non-invasive diagnosis, disease staging, and treatment monitoring magnetic fields and radio waves. It produces detailed images by leveraging the magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms, allowing for precise anatomical insights without ionizing radiation. Techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) enhance tumor evaluation and understanding, aiding in the identification of high-risk patients and personalized treatments. MRI's capabilities extend to imaging soft tissues, particularly beneficial for neurological diagnoses and research. Advanced methods provide insights into brain activity, tissue microstructure, and disease mechanisms, especially in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Recent innovations, such as ultrahigh field MRI (7T), improve image resolution and facilitate the assessment of vascular health. These advancements enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Plasmodium, the parasite responsible for malaria, has a highly specialized endomembrane system to... more Plasmodium, the parasite responsible for malaria, has
a highly specialized endomembrane system to support
its life cycle. Beyond typical organelles like the nucleus,
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi apparatus, it features
unique compartments such as micronemes, rhoptries,
dense granules, and the parasitophorous vacuole, crucial
for invading host cells and evading the immune system.
As the parasite progresses through its stages, it undergoes
significant cellular changes, particularly in its ER and
Golgi, to meet increasing metabolic demands and export
proteins for host cell modification. Specialized organelles
like rhoptries and micronemes facilitate host cell entry,
while the actomyosin motor system drives its mobility.
These adaptations allow Plasmodium to survive within red
blood cells, making these mechanisms promising targets for
antimalarial therapies to disrupt the parasite’s life cycle and
reduce malaria transmission.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Plasmodium, the malaria-causing parasite, alters host red blood cell (RBC) membranes for survival... more Plasmodium, the malaria-causing parasite, alters host
red blood cell (RBC) membranes for survival. After entering
the RBC, it forms a parasitophorous vacuole and secretes
proteins that help transport nutrients and evade immune
detection. The parasite also changes the RBC membrane’s
lipid composition, making it more rigid and prone to vascular
blockages, leading to symptoms like anemia. It exports
proteins that cause infected RBCs to stick to blood vessel
walls, helping them evade spleen clearance and contributing
to severe complications like cerebral malaria. These
membrane changes allow the parasite to avoid immune
detection. Targeting these alterations, such as blocking RBC
adhesions or restoring membrane flexibility, could improve
malaria treatment. Understanding these processes helps to
develop better therapies.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Diagnosing malaria, especially Plasmodium knowlesi, is challenging due to its similarity to othe... more Diagnosing malaria, especially Plasmodium knowlesi,
is challenging due to its similarity to other species, which
often results in misdiagnoses. While rapid diagnostic tests
are unreliable and expensive PCR methods, loop-mediated
isothermal amplification (LAMP) presents an option that
needs further validation. Effective diagnostics are crucial
for accurate treatment. Plasmodium knowlesi can be fatal if
untreated and is typically managed with artemisinin-based
therapies, with no observed drug resistance, highlighting the
need for timely diagnosis. Plasmodium knowlesi is the main
in malaria research in vaccine and drug testing. However, the
focus is shifted to pig-tailed macaques, showing consistent
replication and immune responses. A new CRISPR/Cas9
technique enhances chromosome segregation in rodent
malaria parasites, advancing genetic research with broader
applications.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite found predominantly in Southeast Asia, presents a signi... more Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite found
predominantly in Southeast Asia, presents a significant
challenge to public health due to its ability to infect both
humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Mosquito vectors
of Plasmodium knowlesi are primarily Anopheles hackeri
and Anopheles latens. Recent advancements in molecular
detection have led to a surge in reported cases of knowlesi
malaria, shedding light on its prevalence. However, it’s
becoming increasingly evident that environmental factors,
such as deforestation, play a critical role in facilitating the
spread of this disease. To effectively address the threat of
knowlesi malaria, it’s imperative to comprehend the intricate
interactions among humans, NHPs, mosquitoes, and the
environment.
Moumaris Mohamed, 2024
Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite found in southeast Asia, can infect both primates and hu... more Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite found in
southeast Asia, can infect both primates and humans,
potentially causing severe malaria. It is closely related to
Plasmodium vivax, and its treatment utilizes chloroquine
or artemisinin combination therapy. Plasmodium knowlesi
presents significant health and economic challenges due
to its zoonotic nature. However, it also serves as a valuable
model for scientific research, aiding in vaccine development
and understanding malaria invasion mechanisms. Its use
facilitates progress in pharmaceutical investigations and the
establishment of in vitro culture methods with both primate
and human cells.
The Open parasitology journal, Jan 31, 2019
Paludisme "a word derived from Latin palus meaning swamp" or Malaria " a word derived from Italia... more Paludisme "a word derived from Latin palus meaning swamp" or Malaria " a word derived from Italian mala'ria meaning bad air", designed by the bad air from swamps, is an infectious disease caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium transmitted by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles generating millions of deaths each year. Biological membranes have a major role in cells invasion by Malaria parasites. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol are essential for the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium. Plasmodium binds to the erythrocyte membrane via glycolipids. Cholesterol is responsible for the uptake of host proteins and maintenance of intracellular parasitophorous vacuolar membrane. Malaria parasites invade red blood cells by binding to multiple membrane receptors at the level of the spectrin, band 3, actin, glycophorin, band 4.1, band 4.2, aquaporin-1, band 7, and ankyrin. Parasitic proteins such as the reticulocyte-binding like family bind to the membrane erythrocytic proteins and play a major role in the mechanisms of invasion of red blood cells by Plasmodium. Susceptibility to Plasmodium invasion is linked to the terminal stages of the differentiation of red blood cells. This review highlights the complex interactions between biological membranes and malaria parasites.
Open biological sciences journal, Apr 13, 2015
Dextran does not penetrate the living cells. However when the plasma membrane becomes permeable, ... more Dextran does not penetrate the living cells. However when the plasma membrane becomes permeable, it is concentrated in the cells. This is why we used fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran (FITC-Dextran, MW 4000) to identify apoptotic and necrotic cells by flow cytometry. Heat shock was used to induce cell apoptosis or necrosis. To induce apoptosis cells were heated to 43.5°C for 1 hour and then incubated at 37°C. Thereafter the cells were stained with FITC-Dextran or propidium iodide (PI), and analyzed by flow cytometry. FITC-Dextran stained the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus of 80% of the HeLa cells, while annexin V-FITC stained 43% of cells and PI stained the nucleus of 18% of cells. When heated at 50°C and 60°C, the percentages of necrotic cells increased proportionally to heat treatment, 41.7% and 77% of the cells were stained by FITC-Dextran, while 39.5% and 70.3% were stained by PI. FITC-Dextran was selectively internalized across plasma membrane after moderate heat shock. In contrast, in the necrotic cells, the permeability of the membrane was not selective and the percentage of cells stained with FITC-Dextran or PI, was equivalent. Our results indicate that FITC-Dextran can be used as a marker to reveal the cellular damage induced by heat shock and to study the early as well as the late stages of apoptosis.
Les souris c57bl/6 developpent des symptomes de la malaria cerebrale ves le 10eme jours apres l&#... more Les souris c57bl/6 developpent des symptomes de la malaria cerebrale ves le 10eme jours apres l'inoculation des souris par plasmodium berghei anka et meurent. Par contre les souris balb/c developpent progressivement une hyperparasitemie sanguine et meurent vers le 25eme jours. Le traitement par des acides gras durant les 4 premiers jours de l'infection protege les c57bl/6 des symptomes de la malaria cerebrale et meurent avec une hyperparasitemie. La mobilite electrophoretique cellulaire l'electrophorese en gel de polyacrylamide des proteines membranaires et la coloration au giemsa-cresyl ont permis d'identifie au cours de ces 4 premiers jours l'apparition d'une sous population d'erythrocyte jeune envahit preferentiellement par plasmodium berghei anka et parait jouer un role cle dans le declenchement de la pathologie de la malaria cerebrale.
International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology, 2002
Lyme disease, also called Lyme borreliosis, is a polymorphic disease associating cutaneous, neur... more Lyme disease, also called Lyme borreliosis, is a
polymorphic disease associating cutaneous, neurological,
cardiac, and articular symptoms. Lyme disease syndrome
is erythema migrans, fever, headaches, tiredness,
musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive complaints [1]. Lyme
disease was first discovered in 1975 by Allen Caruthers
Steere in Lyme City, Connecticut, in the United States. The
bacterium Spirochete, carried by Ixodes ticks causing Lyme
disease, was first discovered in 1982 by Willy Burgdorfer [2-
5]. The French physician and microbiologist Amédée Borrel
is the first who characterizes the Borrelia Spirochete.
The Open Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Journal, 2020
The current therapies against cancer showed limited success. Nanotechnology is a promising strate... more The current therapies against cancer showed limited success. Nanotechnology is a promising strategy for cancer tracking, diagnosis, and therapy. The hybrid nanotechnology assembled several materials in a multimodal system to develop multifunctional approaches to cancer treatment. The quantum dot and polymer are some of these hybrid nanoparticle platforms. The quantum dot hybrid system possesses photonic and magnetic properties, allowing photothermal therapy and live multimodal imaging of cancer. These quantum dots were used to convey medicines to cancer cells. Hybrid polymer nanoparticles were utilized for the systemic delivery of small interfering RNA to malignant tumors and metastasis. They allowed non-invasive imaging to track in real-time the biodistribution of small interfering RNA in the whole body. They offer an opportunity to treat cancers by specifically silencing target genes. This review highlights the major nanotechnology approaches to effectively treat cancer and metast...
Journal of Immunology Research, 2019
A new method for the detection by flow cytometry of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and of ci... more A new method for the detection by flow cytometry of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and of circulating immune complexes (IC) containing endogenous DNA (IC-eDNA) is described. From each serum sample, two samples were taken, one was used to detect IC-eDNA. The other to detect anti-DNA antibodies was incubated with calf thymus DNA. ICs were isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation or by cryoprecipitation, after which immunoglobulins were labeled with FITC-conjugated anti-human globulin. Serum samples from 63 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, 32 incomplete lupus, and 87 control patients were tested. Detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies by flow cytometry had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity almost comparable to routine tests, the fluorescent enzyme immunoassay EliA™-dsDNA test, and the ultrasensitive Crithidia luciliae indirect immunofluorescence test. In 21 (33%) out of 63 SLE serum samples, IC-eDNA was detected. In these samples, free anti-dsDNA antibodies wer...
The Open Medical Devices Journal, 2018
Biomedical engineering handles the organization and functioning of medical devices in the hospita... more Biomedical engineering handles the organization and functioning of medical devices in the hospital. This is a strategic function of the hospital for its balance, development, and growth. This is a major focus in internal and external reports of the hospital. It's based on piloting of medical devices needs and the procedures of biomedical teams’ intervention. Multi-year projects of capital and operating expenditure in medical devices are planned as coherently as possible with the hospital's financial budgets. An information system is an essential tool for monitoring medical devices engineering and relationship with medical services.
The Open Immunology Journal, 2012
Phospholipids (PLs) are the target for the clearance of apoptotic cells, and for the innate defen... more Phospholipids (PLs) are the target for the clearance of apoptotic cells, and for the innate defense against malignant cancers or microbial infections. Several types of receptors for PLs were described on T lymphocytes, but not yet on B lymphocytes. To detect PLs binding lymphocytes two assays were used: a-FITC labelled liposomes, b-Petri dish coated with different PLs. The phenotype of lymphocytes was determined by FACS, using anti-CD mAb and anti-Ig polyclonal antibodies. Human lymphocytes bind PLs, the binding ratio decreases in the order phosphatidylserine (PS), cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. In healthy blood donors (n=17), 29% of B lymphocytes, 17% of NK cells, 9% of TCD4 + , and 4% of TCD8 + bind PS. Among B cells, the binding ratio varies with the subset, 49% for naïve cells (sIgM + sIgD +), 42% for sIgA + , and 15% for sIgG + B cells. PL binding was not affected by the CD5 phenotype of B lymphocytes, nor by the HIV status of the donors (n=16) or the presence in the sera of IgG anti-CL antibodies. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with proteases inhibited the binding of PL, suggesting that binding is due to surface proteins. For each type of lymphocytes the various kinds of surface proteins which bind lipids, pattern recognition receptors, surface immunoglobulins, the lipid antigen presenting molecules CD1, and the CD1-restricted lipid antigen reactive TCR of NKT cells, are discussed.
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie, 1995
Recombinant human annexin V was bound covalently to 9 nm maghemite (gamma Fe2O3) nanoparticles, y... more Recombinant human annexin V was bound covalently to 9 nm maghemite (gamma Fe2O3) nanoparticles, yielding annexin-ferrofluid (AnxFF), and used to separate annexin-bound red blood cells (RBC) in a magnetic field and estimate their percentage in various bloods. Annexin binding in normal human RBC increased proportionately with storage from 8% on day 2 to 42% on day 100. Enhanced AnxFF binding was associated with various pathologies. Thus, normal blood contained 10.7 +/- 5.9% AnxFF binding RBC; bloods with normal sedimentation rates (albeit with some disease necessitating analysis) contained 23.5 +/- 6.2%; those with high sedimentation rates contained 51.5 +/- 12.3%; sickle cell anaemia patients' blood contained 50.0 +/- 9.3%, and bloods from patients with other pathologies (deforming rheumatic disease, cancer necessitating chemotherapy, etc.) contained 58.6 +/- 7.6% AnxFF binding RBC. Enhanced Ca+2-dependent annexin binding reflects a loss of the asymmetric distribution of anionic ...
The Journal of Parasitology, 1995
Cerebral malaria-susceptible (C57BL/6) mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) developed... more Cerebral malaria-susceptible (C57BL/6) mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) developed low parasitemia and died from typical neurological symptoms between 8 to 10 days after infection. In contrast, nonsusceptible (BALB/c) mice developed high peripheral blood parasitemia and died 22-24 days later without neurological implications. Daily injections of fatty acids (FA) during the first 3 days after infection protected C57BL/6 mice from cerebral symptoms but had no effect on BALB/c mice. Thus, treated C57BL/6 mice developed hyperparasitemia and died 25 days after infection, like BALB/c mice. Red blood cells from C57BL/6 control mice were found to be more resistant to lysis by linoleic acid than those of BALB/c mice. Three days following infection with PbA, these differences disappeared. Treatment with FA prevented these changes. We concluded that the host's cells were altered soon after infection and that the nature and degree of alterations depended on the mouse strain, thus determining the eventual outcome of the infection. Likewise, the effects of FA might not be directed against the parasite but rather seem to act early after infection on these parasite-induced modifications of host cells.
Mohamed Moumaris, 2024
Recent years have seen significant progress in cancer treatment, notably through innovations like... more Recent years have seen significant progress in cancer treatment, notably through innovations like immunotherapy and genetic modifications. However, the diverse nature of cancer cells, especially in solid tumors, remains a significant hurdle. While successes have been notable in bloodrelated cancers, extending therapies like CAR T cell therapy to solid tumors is complex. CAR T therapy is effective against B-cell malignancies and faces challenges in solid tumors due to the need for specific cancer antigens. This editorial examines CAR T therapy, particularly in solid tumors, highlighting the urgent need for new treatment approaches. Targeting antigens like B7-H3 shows promise, but obstacles remain, including understanding the tumor microenvironment and identifying suitable antigens.
Mohamed Moumaris , 2024
Malaria remains a global health concern, causing 300- 500 million infections and 1.5-2.7 millio... more Malaria remains a global health concern, causing 300-
500 million infections and 1.5-2.7 million deaths each year,
primarily among young children in sub-Saharan Africa,
Southeast Asia, and Latin America. The disease is not easy to
prevent due to its complexity and drug resistance. Plasmodium
knowlesi, which infects both humans and macaques,
complicates diagnosis and treatment with its unique 24-hour
fever cycle and potential for severe symptoms. Plasmodium
knowlesi is especially problematic in areas where humans
and macaques interact, often misdiagnosed as Plasmodium
malariae, although PCR methods have improved accuracy.
Early detection and artemisinin-based combination
therapies (ACTs) are crucial, with severe cases requiring
urgent medical care. In Malaysia, Plasmodium knowlesi is
the leading cause of malaria, impacting forest workers and
underscoring the need for education and mosquito control.
Despite advances in molecular tools and genome sequencing,
malaria still leads to around half a million deaths annually.