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Papers by Sofia Lizarralde Oliver
O artigo apresenta a relevância dos conceitos de Clima Urbano e de Ritmo Climatico para pesquisas... more O artigo apresenta a relevância dos conceitos de Clima Urbano e de Ritmo Climatico para pesquisas em Geografia da Saude a partir de tres estudos de caso. O primeiro destaca exemplos de estudos feitos em climas urbanos de diferentes locais em que os referenciais foram aplicados, mostrando a relacao entre o ritmo climatico e efeitos temporais a saude da populacao. Ilustra com o caso de internacoes hospitalares de idosos por doencas circulatorias em regiao da cidade de Sao Paulo, que segue um ritmo temporal relacionado a elementos do clima. O segundo caso descreve resultados de pesquisa realizada na cidade de Araraquara, de porte medio, no estado de Sao Paulo, em que elementos climaticos, como temperatura, precipitacao, umidade e vento tiveram papel importante no desencadear de epidemias de dengue. O terceiro caso estudado e o da relacao entre o ritmo climatico e a proliferacao de algas cianoficeas na represa Guarapiranga, responsavel pelo abastecimento de ate 50% da populacao paulista...
Revista de Saúde Pública, 2020
The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for prevent... more The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for preventing acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our arguments respond to an article, published in Italy, that describes the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in older Italian women and raises the possible preventive and therapeutic role of optimal vitamin D levels. Based on literature review, we highlight the findings regarding the protective role of vitamin D for infectious diseases of the respiratory system. However, randomized controlled trials are currently lacking. Adequate vitamin D status is obtained from sun exposure and foods rich in vitamin D. Studies in Brazil have shown that hypovitaminosis D is quite common in spite of high insolation. Authors recommend ecological, epidemiological and randomized controlled trials studies to verify this hypothesis.
Revista de Saúde Pública, 2020
Almost half of the Brazilian population has no access to sewage collection and treatment. Untreat... more Almost half of the Brazilian population has no access to sewage collection and treatment. Untreated effluents discharged in waters of reservoirs for human supply favor the flowering of cyanobacteria – and these microorganisms produce toxins, such as saxitoxin, which is a very potent neurotoxin present in reservoirs in the Northeast region. A recent study confirmed that chronic ingestion of neurotoxin-infected water associated with Zika virus infection could lead to a microcephaly-like outcome in pregnant mice. Cyanobacteria benefit from hot weather and organic matter in water, a condition that has been intensified by climate change, according to our previous studies. Considering the new findings, we emphasize that zika arbovirus is widespread and worsened when associated with climate change, especially in middle- or low-income countries with low levels of sanitation coverage.
Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science, 2020
Urbanization in river basins contributes to the anthropogenic eutrophication of their water bodie... more Urbanization in river basins contributes to the anthropogenic eutrophication of their water bodies, leading to the proliferation of toxic algae such as cyanobacteria. There is a characteristic pattern of seasonality in algal blooms and cyanobacterial communities, although these algae may be present or even dominant for most of the year, causing practical problems associated with high cyanobacterial biomass and potential health threats. The increased concentration of toxins originating from these algae, cyanotoxins, in water-supply reservoirs puts the population at serious risk, since they are not removed by conventional treatment and filtration. This study analyzed possible associations between climate elements and cyanobacteria biomass in the Guarapiranga dam reservoir, located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Meteorological variables were studied exclusively in relation to the cyanobacteria biomass, in order to perceive the influence of weather and climate in this ...
Ambiente & Sociedade, 2018
In response to innumerable global challenges in a world ever more complex and interconnected, inc... more In response to innumerable global challenges in a world ever more complex and interconnected, including a number of public health challenges, the United Nations launched the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; a guideline intended to deal with these issues. Foreseeing their huge complexity, the UNLEASH initiative was created with a vision to gather, on a yearly basis until 2030, 1.000 young talents from all over the world to co-create disruptive solutions for the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The School of Public Health of the University of São Paulo was selected as the only educational institution partner in South America and was invited to select and send students to the launching event in Denmark in August 2017. The aim of this study is to address and reflect on the seven SDGs (health, food, water, energy, urban sustainability, sustainable consumption and production and education) that were explored in this first event and relate the students’ experiences of this ...
Climate Change Management, 2016
Ambiente & Sociedade, 2018
In a world ever more complex and interconnected, it is not surprising that the problems that bli... more In a world ever more complex and interconnected, it is not surprising that the
problems that blight humanity manifest in a similar way. Hunger, poverty, inequality,
access to a decent education, health and well-being, basic sanitation, climate change,
among others, are issues that directly or indirectly affect the health and quality of life of our population.
Since 1992, the United Nations (UN) has been working on strategies to further
the sustainable development of our planet. In 2000, it launched an ambitious 15 year-
-long program, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), with an overall objective to
address health and combat poverty with the guidance and structure of eight overarching goals. It was the most successful health and anti-poverty initiative ever conducted; however, inequalities persisted and the progress made was uneven (UNITED NATIONS, 2015a). This was a huge opportunity to learn from previous challenges and led the UN to conduct the largest consultation program in its history, aiming to gauge opinion on what the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) should look like. At the Rio+20 Summit in 2012, it was decided that an open working group should come up with a draft agenda.
The working group, with representatives from 70 countries, had its first meeting in March 2013 and published its final draft, with its 17 core goals and 169 targets, on July 2014. In September 2015, the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, a bold and ambitious strategy to end poverty by 2030 and pursue a sustainable future, was unanimously adopted by all 193 member states of the UN. The Agenda seeks to promote health and well-being, gender equality, end poverty and hunger, provide equal opportunities for all, protect the planet, manage natural resources, enhance our quality of life and develop countries equally and sustainably (UNITED NATIONS, 2015b).
O artigo apresenta a relevância dos conceitos de Clima Urbano e de Ritmo Climatico para pesquisas... more O artigo apresenta a relevância dos conceitos de Clima Urbano e de Ritmo Climatico para pesquisas em Geografia da Saude a partir de tres estudos de caso. O primeiro destaca exemplos de estudos feitos em climas urbanos de diferentes locais em que os referenciais foram aplicados, mostrando a relacao entre o ritmo climatico e efeitos temporais a saude da populacao. Ilustra com o caso de internacoes hospitalares de idosos por doencas circulatorias em regiao da cidade de Sao Paulo, que segue um ritmo temporal relacionado a elementos do clima. O segundo caso descreve resultados de pesquisa realizada na cidade de Araraquara, de porte medio, no estado de Sao Paulo, em que elementos climaticos, como temperatura, precipitacao, umidade e vento tiveram papel importante no desencadear de epidemias de dengue. O terceiro caso estudado e o da relacao entre o ritmo climatico e a proliferacao de algas cianoficeas na represa Guarapiranga, responsavel pelo abastecimento de ate 50% da populacao paulista...
Revista de Saúde Pública, 2020
The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for prevent... more The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for preventing acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our arguments respond to an article, published in Italy, that describes the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in older Italian women and raises the possible preventive and therapeutic role of optimal vitamin D levels. Based on literature review, we highlight the findings regarding the protective role of vitamin D for infectious diseases of the respiratory system. However, randomized controlled trials are currently lacking. Adequate vitamin D status is obtained from sun exposure and foods rich in vitamin D. Studies in Brazil have shown that hypovitaminosis D is quite common in spite of high insolation. Authors recommend ecological, epidemiological and randomized controlled trials studies to verify this hypothesis.
Revista de Saúde Pública, 2020
Almost half of the Brazilian population has no access to sewage collection and treatment. Untreat... more Almost half of the Brazilian population has no access to sewage collection and treatment. Untreated effluents discharged in waters of reservoirs for human supply favor the flowering of cyanobacteria – and these microorganisms produce toxins, such as saxitoxin, which is a very potent neurotoxin present in reservoirs in the Northeast region. A recent study confirmed that chronic ingestion of neurotoxin-infected water associated with Zika virus infection could lead to a microcephaly-like outcome in pregnant mice. Cyanobacteria benefit from hot weather and organic matter in water, a condition that has been intensified by climate change, according to our previous studies. Considering the new findings, we emphasize that zika arbovirus is widespread and worsened when associated with climate change, especially in middle- or low-income countries with low levels of sanitation coverage.
Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science, 2020
Urbanization in river basins contributes to the anthropogenic eutrophication of their water bodie... more Urbanization in river basins contributes to the anthropogenic eutrophication of their water bodies, leading to the proliferation of toxic algae such as cyanobacteria. There is a characteristic pattern of seasonality in algal blooms and cyanobacterial communities, although these algae may be present or even dominant for most of the year, causing practical problems associated with high cyanobacterial biomass and potential health threats. The increased concentration of toxins originating from these algae, cyanotoxins, in water-supply reservoirs puts the population at serious risk, since they are not removed by conventional treatment and filtration. This study analyzed possible associations between climate elements and cyanobacteria biomass in the Guarapiranga dam reservoir, located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Meteorological variables were studied exclusively in relation to the cyanobacteria biomass, in order to perceive the influence of weather and climate in this ...
Ambiente & Sociedade, 2018
In response to innumerable global challenges in a world ever more complex and interconnected, inc... more In response to innumerable global challenges in a world ever more complex and interconnected, including a number of public health challenges, the United Nations launched the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; a guideline intended to deal with these issues. Foreseeing their huge complexity, the UNLEASH initiative was created with a vision to gather, on a yearly basis until 2030, 1.000 young talents from all over the world to co-create disruptive solutions for the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The School of Public Health of the University of São Paulo was selected as the only educational institution partner in South America and was invited to select and send students to the launching event in Denmark in August 2017. The aim of this study is to address and reflect on the seven SDGs (health, food, water, energy, urban sustainability, sustainable consumption and production and education) that were explored in this first event and relate the students’ experiences of this ...
Climate Change Management, 2016
Ambiente & Sociedade, 2018
In a world ever more complex and interconnected, it is not surprising that the problems that bli... more In a world ever more complex and interconnected, it is not surprising that the
problems that blight humanity manifest in a similar way. Hunger, poverty, inequality,
access to a decent education, health and well-being, basic sanitation, climate change,
among others, are issues that directly or indirectly affect the health and quality of life of our population.
Since 1992, the United Nations (UN) has been working on strategies to further
the sustainable development of our planet. In 2000, it launched an ambitious 15 year-
-long program, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), with an overall objective to
address health and combat poverty with the guidance and structure of eight overarching goals. It was the most successful health and anti-poverty initiative ever conducted; however, inequalities persisted and the progress made was uneven (UNITED NATIONS, 2015a). This was a huge opportunity to learn from previous challenges and led the UN to conduct the largest consultation program in its history, aiming to gauge opinion on what the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) should look like. At the Rio+20 Summit in 2012, it was decided that an open working group should come up with a draft agenda.
The working group, with representatives from 70 countries, had its first meeting in March 2013 and published its final draft, with its 17 core goals and 169 targets, on July 2014. In September 2015, the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, a bold and ambitious strategy to end poverty by 2030 and pursue a sustainable future, was unanimously adopted by all 193 member states of the UN. The Agenda seeks to promote health and well-being, gender equality, end poverty and hunger, provide equal opportunities for all, protect the planet, manage natural resources, enhance our quality of life and develop countries equally and sustainably (UNITED NATIONS, 2015b).