Sohair Fahmy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sohair Fahmy

Journal of parasitic diseases, Feb 15, 2024

International Journal of Pharmacology, Jun 15, 2022

GSC biological and pharmaceutical sciences, Jan 30, 2023

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disru... more Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone microarchitecture: it can lead to compromised bone strength and increased risk of fractures. Secondary osteoporosis is mostly glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). According to traditional Chinese medicine, the kidney influences bone, and bone loss are associated with kidney and liver inadequacies. We tested Allolobophora caliginosa extract (EE) and Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid (CF) for anti-osteoporotic activity against GIOP. 28 male mice were separated randomly into two groups; the control received distilled water, and the second group received 1 mg/kg dexamethasone daily for 28 days. The second group was divided randomly into three groups. The first OP subgroup received distilled water orally every other day for 28 days. The other two OP subgroups received EE (45 mg/kg body weight) and CF (20 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. EE and CF preserved cortical and trabecular bone loss, decreased bone marrow space, and enhanced chondrocyte production. EE and CF maintained hepatic necrosis in the liver and decreased renal degeneration in the kidney caused by GIOP. In this study, Histological images showed that EE at 45 mg/kg was highly effective as an anti-osteoporotic against GIOP, while CF at 20 mg/kg was moderately effective.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B: biological sciences, May 17, 2022

PubMed, Aug 3, 2023

Background: Coelomic fluid, a pharmacologically active compound in earthworms, exhibits a range o... more Background: Coelomic fluid, a pharmacologically active compound in earthworms, exhibits a range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, the biological activities exerted by the coelomic fluid can be restrained by its low bioavailability and stability. Liposomes are progressively utilized as an entrapment system for natural bioactive compounds with poor bioavailability and stability, which could be appropriate for coelomic fluid. Thus, the present study was designed to fabricate, characterize, and evaluate the stability of liposomal formulation for Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid (ACCF) as a natural antioxidant compound. Methods: The ACCF-liposomes were developed with a subsequent characterization of their physicochemical attributes. The physical stability, ACCF release behavior, and gastrointestinal stability were evaluated in vitro. The biological activities of ACCF and its liposomal formulation were also determined. Results: The liposomal formulation of ACCF had a steady characteristic absorption band at 201 nm and a transmittance of 99.20 ± 0.10%. Its average hydrodynamic particle size was 98 nm, with a PDI of 0.29 ± 0.04 and a negative zeta potential (-38.66 ± 0.33mV). TEM further confirmed the formation of vesicular, spherical nano-liposomes with unilamellar configuration. Additionally, a remarkable entrapment efficiency percent (77.58 ± 0.82%) with a permeability rate equal to 3.20 ± 0.31% and a high retention rate (54.16 ± 2.20%) for ACCF-liposomes were observed. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) result demonstrated that ACCF successfully entrapped inside liposomes. The ACCF-liposomes exhibited a slow and controlled ACCF release in vitro. Regarding stability studies, the liposomal formulation enhanced the stability of ACCF during storage and at different pH. Furthermore, ACCF-liposomes are highly stable in intestinal digestion conditions comparable to gastric digestion. The current study disclosed that liposomal formulation potentiates the biological activities of ACCF, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic activities. Conclusion: These promising results offer a novel approach to increasing the bioaccessibility of ACCF, which may be crucial for the development of pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical-enriched functional foods.

IOP conference series, Jul 1, 2023

Universities are regarded as reference institutions for the expansion of cultural and environment... more Universities are regarded as reference institutions for the expansion of cultural and environmental activities. They are crucial to the advancement of sustainability as they advocate for a development pattern that would be compatible with ecological balance, biodiversity, and intergenerational fairness. In response to the rise in enrollment, CU has created a sustainable expansion plan for its campus. Because students will return to their communities and educate them about sustainability, universities are seen as the best places to apply the principle. Recently, Cairo University established a sustainability office as a governance framework to develop and implement sustainability action plans and to regularly measure and report overall progress towards its aim of a sustainable campus. This paper includes Cairo University's efforts to transform the campus into a more sustainable society using UI GreenMetric categories. The present study shows the extent of Cairo University's commitment to achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals, as well as Egypt's Vision 2030. In all areas, including setting and infrastructures, energy, water and wastes, Cairo University supports the fundamental principles of sustainability and green development.

GSC biological and pharmaceutical sciences, Apr 30, 2022

Background: Anodonta cygnea hemolymph has several pharmacological activities against inflammation... more Background: Anodonta cygnea hemolymph has several pharmacological activities against inflammation, bacteria and tumor. The current study aimed to explore the efficacy of A. cygnea hemolymph against the renal toxicity induced by Gentamicin (GM) in rats. Methods: The animals were divided randomly into three groups (six per group): control, GM and A. cygnea. Tissues toxicity established after injection of GM daily for eight days at dose 100 mg/kg. Kidney functions, liver functions, oxidative stress markers and histopathology of tissues investigated in the study. Results: A. cygnea treated rats showed a significant decrease in urea, creatinine, uric acid, ALT, AST, GGT and MDA levels while GSH and CAT levels increased. The histopathological of liver and kidney investigation showed partial restoration of renal architecture. Conclusion: This study showed the A. cygnea potency in improving the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of the rats following experimental induction of toxicity using Gentamycin.

Current nanomedicine, Jun 13, 2023

Background: Toxocara vitulorum is a common parasitic worm of buffalo and cattle, causing livestoc... more Background: Toxocara vitulorum is a common parasitic worm of buffalo and cattle, causing livestock mortality and morbidity worldwide. Several countries suffered substantial eco-nomic losses due to animal death and reduced meat and milk production. Therefore, it became nec-essary to discover a new alternative drug, especially with the emerging resistance to current medica-tions. The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of different concentrations of biobased silver nanoparticles on T. vitulorum adults. Methods: Different concentrations of silver nanoparticles were synthesised using lemon juice. Groups of male and female adult worms were incubated in 50, 100, and 200 mg/L silver nanoparti-cles for 48 h. The parasite motility, histology, and biochemical parameters were observed and com-pared to the control. Results: The results showed that silver nanoparticles decreased the worm motility, increased mor-tality rate, induced structural damage, caused collagen disruption, and showed elevated levels of as-partate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, total protein, urea, and creatinine, as well as reduced levels of acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles established a significant anthelmintic effect against T. vitulorum and could become one of the up-and-coming antiparasitic drugs in the future.

Advances in complementary & alternative medicine, Jan 11, 2019

Marine invertebrates have become attractive as nutraceutical and functional foods and as a source... more Marine invertebrates have become attractive as nutraceutical and functional foods and as a source material for the development of therapeutic drugs. The bioactivity of echinoderm, Holothuria arenicola extracts and their secondary metabolites has been identified by researchers as a promising potential rich source of natural drugs. H. arenicola is rich in several phenolic compounds, amino acids, alkaloids and other important nutraceutical compounds. The health benefits of H. arenicola are associated with its antioxidant, antifibrotic and antimicrobial effects. Thus, this review aims to elaborates and analyze the role of H. arenicola in the modulation of several organ-specific diseases.

Current nanomedicine, Dec 20, 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common health problem in the world. Silver nanoparticle... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common health problem in the world. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exposed great intrinsic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Chitosan is an oligosaccharide biopolymer with a great ability to lower hyperglycemia, and ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin with strong antioxidant activity. Objective: The present study aimed to estimate AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite (Ag-NCs) anti-diabetic properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Method: Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups (6 rats/group); control, diabetic, and Ag-NCs groups. Control group: after a single dose of citrate buffer at PH 4.5 (0.1 mol/L, i.p), the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic model was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p) for type 1 diabetes and the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic group was treated orally with Ag-NCs (0.25 mg/Kg body weight) daily for four weeks. Results: AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite group showed a reduction in the concentrations of glucose, NO, MDA, LDL, and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT. At the same time, it caused a general increase in insulin, albumin, TB, TC, TG, HDL, CAT, SOD, and GSH levels. The histopathological investigation illustrated regeneration of damaged pancreatic beta cells and a clear improvement in the hepatic architecture. Conclusion: The suggested mechanism of action for Ag-NCs in decreasing diabetic complications in the liver involved two pathways; the hypoglycemic activity and the antioxidant role of AgNPs, chitosan, and ascorbic acid.

Journal of Parasitic Diseases, Jan 20, 2022

Toxocara vitulorum is a common gastrointestinal nematode of buffaloes and cattle, primarily young... more Toxocara vitulorum is a common gastrointestinal nematode of buffaloes and cattle, primarily young calves. This parasitic infection is distributed worldwide, causing a huge economic loss due to reduced meat and milk production and animal mortality. Several studies have indicated that silver nanoparticles have an effective anthelmintic activity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic effects of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles on adult Toxocara vitulorum in vitro. Male and female adult worms were incubated for 48 h in 50, 100, and 200 mg/L silver nanoparticles synthesized using lemon juice. Oxidative stress markers, in addition to light and scanning electron microscopic studies of treated worms, were assessed following 48 h incubation in 200 mg/L silver nanoparticles. Light and scanning electron micrographs of treated worms revealed damage in the muscular layer, destruction of the cuticle, distortion in lips structure, and deformed excretory pore and sensory papillae. Also, oxidative stress markers recorded an increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide and decreased levels of glutathione reduced, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase after exposure to silver nanoparticles. In Conclusion, the current study demonstrated a substantial destructive effect of silver nanoparticles on adult Toxocara vitulorum, indicating its potential as an anthelmintic alternative to the more expensive drugs.

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, Apr 3, 2023

Background The present study assesses the role of polyherbal formula (LACTN) against sodium oxala... more Background The present study assesses the role of polyherbal formula (LACTN) against sodium oxalate (NaOx)stimulated urolithiasis prophylactic and curative. Forty-eight rats were separated into the following regimen's groups: Groups I, II, III, and IV (prophylactic groups). Group I (control group) received saline as vehicle. Group II (urolithiatic group) received 70 mg NaOx / kg b.wt, i.p. Groups III and IV received LACTN and cystone prophylactic (500 and 750 mg/kg b.wt, respectively) from 1st day to 7th day of urolithiasis induction. Groups V, VI, VII, and VIII (curative groups): these were divided into the prophylactic regimes, but LACTN and cystone were administered from 7th day to 14th day of urolithiasis induction. Results Urolithiatic rats co-/post-treated with LACTN and cystone elevated the urinary volume significantly (P < 0.05). Also, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in the serum and urine calcium and phosphate concentrations beside the increased magnesium value in urolithiatic rats co-/post-treated with LACTN. LACTN significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorates serum and urine creatinine, urea, and uric acid concentration. Moreover, urolithiatic rats co-/post-treated with LACTN significantly (P < 0.05) diminished MDA and increased GSH, GST, SOD, and CAT compared with urolithiatic rats. Conclusions LACTN has anti-lithogenesis effect that may be due to its ability to remove the already presenting stone and/or to prevent the generation of extra calcium oxalate crystals. This action may be due to its components' synergetic action that may provide encouraging combined formula to prevent/treat urolithiasis.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jan 30, 2023

International Journal of Morphology, Feb 1, 2022

Journal of complementary medicine & alternative healthcare, Jun 15, 2017

The present study was performed to evaluate the antioxidative efficacy of Ananas comosus fruit ex... more The present study was performed to evaluate the antioxidative efficacy of Ananas comosus fruit extract (ACFE) against sodium oxalate (NaOx) induced oxidative damage in rats. Thirty rats were divided mainly into control group and NaOx group (70mg/kgb.wt, i.p.). The last one was subdivided into 4 subgroups; rats received vehicle (untreated NaOx), and ACFE at 500, 750, and 1000mg/kg b.wt respectively concurrently with NaOx for seven days. ACFE improved the serum and urine creatinine, urea, uric acid levels. Further, ACFE reduced the renal LPO concentration and enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes. The present study concluded that the ameliorative effect of ACFE may be due to its chemical active substances such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes, and tannins. However, the antioxidative ability of ACFE-derived bioactive compounds should be further investigated as a natural remedy for kidney diseases.

Current Drug Delivery

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most serious gastrointestinal cancers in Africa and i... more Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most serious gastrointestinal cancers in Africa and its prevention is a pronounced challenge in contemporary medicine worldwide. Objective: The present study aimed to develop nanoemulsion drug delivery system using pomegranate polysaccharides (PGPs) as an alternative cancer remedy, and then the evaluated its biological activities. Methods: The PGPs yield and chemical composition were evaluated, and then a PGPs nanoemulsion (PGPs-NE) was prepared using the self-emulsification technique with an oil phase. The physicochemical characterization of PGPs-NE was then analyzed. The in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and antitumor potency of PGPs and PGPs-NE were also evaluated. Results: The PGPs yield was 10%. The total sugar and protein content of PGPs was 44.66 mg/dl and 19.83μg/ml, respectively. PGPs were mainly composed of five monosaccharides including fructose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose. Concerning physioche...

Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2021

The current study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and renoprot... more The current study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and renoprotective effects of echinochrome pigment extracted from sea urchin. The disk diffusion method was used for the antibacterial activity of echinochrome against four different bacterial strains; Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. While, acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced licking, and hot plate latency assays evaluate the analgesic activity. The biochemical and oxidative stress markers of kidneys, as well as the histopathological examination, were measured to evaluate the renoprotective activity of echinochrome for cecal ligation and puncture-induced renal injury in rats. Echinochrome pigment exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against all aforementioned bacterial species besides a powerful anti-inflammatory impact in vitro by the effective stabilization of the RBCs membrane and in vivo by decrease levels of serum IL6 and TNF-α. What's more, echinochrome showed a notable analgesic efficacy as well as an enhancement of the kidney's biochemical markers, oxidative stress status, and histopathological screening. Ech attenuated cecal ligation and puncture-induced renal injury by improving renal biomarkers, suppressing reactive oxygen species propagation as well as its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Sea urchins are rich in pharmacologically important quinone pigments, specifically echinochrome. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of echinochrome as a renal protective remedy in sepsis and clarify its biological activities. Echinochrome exhibited antibacterial activity in vitro against Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Our results revealed that echinochrome protects the kidney against damage caused by sepsis in rats. Echinochrome can use in the treatment of sepsis as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent.

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 2020

Background Cholestasis is the major cause of bile acid accumulation leading to liver damage. Chro... more Background Cholestasis is the major cause of bile acid accumulation leading to liver damage. Chronic infection of worms can modulate the immune response towards T helper (Th)2-related cytokines. The present study aims to evaluate the protective impact of an ascarid nematode Toxocara vitulorum extract (TvE) against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholangitis male wistar rat model compared to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as a standard drug. Results Pretreatment with TvE and/or UDCA induced a marked reduction in the levels of liver function tests and malondialdehyde, while antioxidant markers were increased compared to cholestatic rats. Pretreatment with either TvE or combination before cholangitis induction attenuated the predominant Th1-related cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) to Th2 (IL-13 and IL-10). TvE administration promoted higher expression levels of Bcl-2 protein and lower levels of caspase-3 compared to cholestatic rats. Conclusions Treatment with TvE has improved the ...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2020

The present study evaluates the prophylactic role of Ananas comosus ethanolic extract (ACEE) agai... more The present study evaluates the prophylactic role of Ananas comosus ethanolic extract (ACEE) against sodium oxalate (NaOx) - induced nephrolithiasis. Forty two rats were allocated into the following set of groups (6 rats/set group). Normal rats divided to two groups, one of them received distilled water (Control group) and the other received ACEE (1000 mg/kg body weight, p.o) for 7 consecutive days. Urolithiatic rat groups which divided into five subgroups injected with sodium oxalate (70 mg NaOx /kg body weight, i.p) for 7 days; and concurrently received oral administration of distilled water (Urolithiatic group, Vehicle), ACEE and Cystone. Interestingly, ACEE showed a beneficial effect in preventing stone formation. Significant reductions were obtained in the urinary and serum calcium and phosphate excretion along with an increase in magnesium excretion in urolithiatic rats treated with ACEE. Urolithiatic rats treated with ACEE and cystone significantly increased the urinary volum...