Solomon Paul DR SRU - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Solomon Paul DR SRU
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, 2004
The glucose antimetabolite, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has previously been shown to be a radiosensi... more The glucose antimetabolite, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has previously been shown to be a radiosensitiser in certain tumours and a protector in dividing lymphocytes. Since the majority of lymphocytes under normal physiological conditions are in Go stage and could be considered to represent tumour-surrounding tissues, they were exposed in vitro to gamma radiation from a Co-60 teletherapy unit at a dose-rate of 1.0 Gy / minute, in the presence and absence of 2-DG. The doses studied ranged from control to 4.0 Gy. Whole blood cultures were set up and the various types of chromosomal aberrations were analysed. The results indicated that there was a decrease in the frequency of dicentric chromosomes from the dose of 0.1 Gy up to 4.0 Gy. In case of excessive acentric fragments there was reduction at the doses of 0.05, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 Gy. Surprisingly there was an increase of double-minute chromosomes in the doses of 0.05, and from 2.0 to 4.0 Gy. The total chromosomal aberrations showed decrease in the doses from 1.0 to 3.0 Gy. The study indicates that 2-DG could be used as a radio protectant at clinically useful dose of 2.0 Gy and the median dose-rate of 1.0 Gy / min, apart from discussing the reasons for the decrease and increase of the various chromosomal aberrations.
World Journal of Oncology, 2012
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, 2004
For risk assessment, it is necessary to evaluate the dose of human exposure to mutagens. Previous... more For risk assessment, it is necessary to evaluate the dose of human exposure to mutagens. Previous studies support the somatic mutation theory of carcinogenesis. It is therefore of great importance to have a simple mutation assay technique that enables screening of a large number of samples at low cost without much need for equipment inputs. Mutations at the human Glycophorin-A locus have been well documented in exposed populations and apart from providing lifetime dosimetry, it can also throw light on the condition of tumor suppressor genes whose integrity is of great value in the nature of carcinogenesis. Recently, it was thought that mutational mechanisms as that occurring at the human Glycophorin-A locus also can give rise to changes in tumor suppressor genes that are associated with oncogenes. They will reflect the probability of indication of tumor suppressor gene mutations. A study was conducted on control and samples from persons affected with an advanced stage of prostrate cancer. Glycophorin-A mutations were detected using the RS-1 assay. DNA from the same samples were prepared and were PCR amplified with the p53 gene at exons 6 and 7 and mutations looked at. Our results from the PCR amplified products matched perfectly with that of the results as obtained by the RS-1 assay. This proves that there is a correlation between between the Glycophorin-A mutations and mutations at the p53 gene and further makes the RS-1 assay a versatile technique for human health risk assements.
BioMed research international, 2017
This study was carried out to determine the chemoprotective potential of a polyherbal aqueous dec... more This study was carried out to determine the chemoprotective potential of a polyherbal aqueous decoction comprised of Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots), and Smilax glabra (rhizome) against bleomycin induced cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes. Isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were exposed to bleomycin at a dose of 40 µg/mL for 2 hrs in the presence or absence of different doses of the decoction (100, 300, and 600 µg/mL). Modulatory effect of the decoction on bleomycin induced cytogenetic damage was evaluated by (a) degree of chromosomal aberrations (CA), (b) formation of micronuclei (MN), and (c) induction of γH2AX foci in lymphocytes exposed to bleomycin. Lymphocytes pretreated with the decoction showed that a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in bleomycin induced (a) stable and unstable chromosome aberrations (CA), (b) MN formation, and (c) formation of γH2AX foci, when compared to lymphocytes treated only with bleomycin. The decoction by itself d...
Laboratory medicine, 2016
Microdeletions of the 7q11.23 Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region (WBSCR) are reported wit... more Microdeletions of the 7q11.23 Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region (WBSCR) are reported with a frequency of 1 in 10,000, whereas microduplications of the region, although expected to occur at the same frequency, are not widely reported. We evaluated a 9-year old Omani boy for idiopathic intellectual disability using genetic methods, including multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), for detection of microdeletions (P064-B3). MLPA analysis revealed that the boy has a rare microduplication of the WBSCR. Prominent clinical features include global developmental delay with pronounced speech delay, dysmorphic facies, and autistic features. Microduplications, in general, are reported at a lesser frequency, perhaps owing to their milder phenotype. Complete genetic assessment in children with idiopathic intellectual disability would help in identifying rare conditions such as duplication of the WBSCR.
World journal of radiology, Jan 28, 2015
The radiation is considered as a double edged sword, as its beneficial and detrimental effects ha... more The radiation is considered as a double edged sword, as its beneficial and detrimental effects have been demonstrated. The potential benefits are being exploited to its maximum by adopting safe handling of radionuclide stipulated by the regulatory agencies. While the occupational workers are monitored by personnel monitoring devices, for general publics, it is not a regular practice. However, it can be achieved by using biomarkers with a potential for the radiation triage and medical management. An ideal biomarker to adopt in those situations should be rapid, specific, sensitive, reproducible, and able to categorize the nature of exposure and could provide a reliable dose estimation irrespective of the time of the exposures. Since cytogenetic markers shown to have many advantages relatively than other markers, the origins of various chromosomal abnormalities induced by ionizing radiations along with dose-response curves generated in the laboratory are presented. Current status of th...
The Indian journal of medical research, 2016
Subtelomeres are prone to deleterious rearrangements owing to their proximity to unique sequences... more Subtelomeres are prone to deleterious rearrangements owing to their proximity to unique sequences on the one end and telomeric repetitive sequences, which increase their tendency to recombine, on the other end. These subtelomeric rearrangements resulting in segmental aneusomy are reported to contribute to the aetiology of idiopathic intellectual disability/developmental delay (ID/DD). We undertook this study to estimate the frequency of subtelomeric rearrangements in children with ID/DD. One hundred and twenty seven children with idiopathic ID/DD were tested for subtelomeric rearrangements using karyotyping and FISH. Blood samples were cultured, harvested, fixed and GTG-banded using the standard protocols. Rearrangements involving the subtelomeres were observed in 7.8 per cent of the tested samples. Detection of rearrangements visible at the resolution of the karyotype constituted 2.3 per cent, while those rearrangements detected only with FISH constituted 5.5 per cent. Five deletio...
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, 2007
The radiomimetic drug bleomycin induced chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) were st... more The radiomimetic drug bleomycin induced chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) were studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), as reference to normal cells and Glioma (BMG-1) as reference to tumor cells, with and without exposure to 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG, an analogue of glucose). Treatment with bleomycin increased both CA and MN frequency in a dose dependent manner in both cell types. The frequencies of CA are 2 fold higher than MN for a given concentration of bleomycin. Exposure to bleomycin predominantly induced exchange type chromosome aberrations. While in the presence of 2-DG the aberrations induced by bleomycin reduced significantly in PBL, the same was increased significantly in BMG cells (P<0.001) showing a protective effect and sensitizing effect on normal and tumor cells respectively. The dose modulatory factor (protection) for different concentration of bleomycin exposure varied between 0.38 and 0.72 for CA and 0.1 and 0.84 for MN in PBL. In the case of BMG-1 cells, the modulatory factor (sensitization) varied between 1.42 and 2.59 for CA, 1.25 and 1.66 for MN at different concentration of bleomycin exposure. The modulatory effect of 2-DG was also evidenced from the coefficients obtained for the dose-response curves of the aberrations studied. The paper discusses the types of aberrations induced by bleomycin and the mechanism involved for differential modifications of cytogenetic damage by 2-DG in normal (PBL) and tumor (Glioma) cells.
Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology, Jan 24, 2015
The extracellular environment is a complex network of functional and structural components that i... more The extracellular environment is a complex network of functional and structural components that impart chemical and mechanical stimuli that affect cellular function and fate. Cell differentiation on three dimensional scaffolds is also determined by the modulus of the substrate. Electrospun PCL nanofibers, which mimic the extra cellular matrix, have been developed with a wide variety of solvents and their combinations. The various studies have revealed that the solvents used influence the physical and mechanical properties, resulting in scaffolds with Young's modulus in the range of 1.8-15.4 MPa, more suitable for engineering of hard tissue like bone. The current study describes the use of benign binary solvent-generated fibrous scaffolds with a Young's modulus of 36.05 ± 13.08 kPa, which is almost 50 times lower than that of scaffolds derived from the commonly used solvents, characterized with myoblast, which can be further explored for applications in muscle and soft tissue...
Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997
Micronucleus (MN) dose-response curves have been studied in blood samples obtained from a healthy... more Micronucleus (MN) dose-response curves have been studied in blood samples obtained from a healthy volunteer with both a methotrexate synchronised culture and with a conventional culture method. The curve obtained with the synchronised culture, showed better response at higher doses compared to that obtained with the conventional procedure. Generally, MN frequency obtained at a dose of 4.0 Gy with the conventional procedure is lower, compared to that obtained with dicentric (DC) frequency. The present study also showed that MN frequency obtained at this dose was lower (0.79 +/- 0.09) compared to that obtained with DC frequency (0.91 +/- 0.10). However, DC frequency obtained with the synchronised culture was almost the same as that obtained with the conventional method, whereas acentric frequency showed an increase with the synchronised culture. The study showed that the ratios of MN frequency/total aberration frequency observed with the synchronised (0.63) and that obtained with the conventional culture (0.59) was more or less the same indicating that higher acentric frequency may be the cause for higher MN frequency in the synchronised culture. The present study indicates that methotrexate may not be the cause of higher acentric frequency in synchronised culture. A possible reason for the higher acentric frequency in the synchronised culture, is highlighted.
Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 1997
The frequency of micronuclei and acentrics obtained with different doses of 6°Co gamma radiation ... more The frequency of micronuclei and acentrics obtained with different doses of 6°Co gamma radiation was examined. When compared to acentric frequency the micronuclei frequency was found to be higher at about 115% for doses below 1 Gy. However, it dropped to about 65% as the dose was increased to 4 Gy. This paper discusses the causes for the reduced frequency of micronuclei at higher doses by taking into account the possibility of their being masked from view by the daughter nuclei in the binucleated cell. NUCL
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, 2004
The glucose antimetabolite, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has previously been shown to be a radiosensi... more The glucose antimetabolite, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has previously been shown to be a radiosensitiser in certain tumours and a protector in dividing lymphocytes. Since the majority of lymphocytes under normal physiological conditions are in Go stage and could be considered to represent tumour-surrounding tissues, they were exposed in vitro to gamma radiation from a Co-60 teletherapy unit at a dose-rate of 1.0 Gy / minute, in the presence and absence of 2-DG. The doses studied ranged from control to 4.0 Gy. Whole blood cultures were set up and the various types of chromosomal aberrations were analysed. The results indicated that there was a decrease in the frequency of dicentric chromosomes from the dose of 0.1 Gy up to 4.0 Gy. In case of excessive acentric fragments there was reduction at the doses of 0.05, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 Gy. Surprisingly there was an increase of double-minute chromosomes in the doses of 0.05, and from 2.0 to 4.0 Gy. The total chromosomal aberrations showed decrease in the doses from 1.0 to 3.0 Gy. The study indicates that 2-DG could be used as a radio protectant at clinically useful dose of 2.0 Gy and the median dose-rate of 1.0 Gy / min, apart from discussing the reasons for the decrease and increase of the various chromosomal aberrations.
World Journal of Oncology, 2012
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, 2004
For risk assessment, it is necessary to evaluate the dose of human exposure to mutagens. Previous... more For risk assessment, it is necessary to evaluate the dose of human exposure to mutagens. Previous studies support the somatic mutation theory of carcinogenesis. It is therefore of great importance to have a simple mutation assay technique that enables screening of a large number of samples at low cost without much need for equipment inputs. Mutations at the human Glycophorin-A locus have been well documented in exposed populations and apart from providing lifetime dosimetry, it can also throw light on the condition of tumor suppressor genes whose integrity is of great value in the nature of carcinogenesis. Recently, it was thought that mutational mechanisms as that occurring at the human Glycophorin-A locus also can give rise to changes in tumor suppressor genes that are associated with oncogenes. They will reflect the probability of indication of tumor suppressor gene mutations. A study was conducted on control and samples from persons affected with an advanced stage of prostrate cancer. Glycophorin-A mutations were detected using the RS-1 assay. DNA from the same samples were prepared and were PCR amplified with the p53 gene at exons 6 and 7 and mutations looked at. Our results from the PCR amplified products matched perfectly with that of the results as obtained by the RS-1 assay. This proves that there is a correlation between between the Glycophorin-A mutations and mutations at the p53 gene and further makes the RS-1 assay a versatile technique for human health risk assements.
BioMed research international, 2017
This study was carried out to determine the chemoprotective potential of a polyherbal aqueous dec... more This study was carried out to determine the chemoprotective potential of a polyherbal aqueous decoction comprised of Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots), and Smilax glabra (rhizome) against bleomycin induced cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes. Isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were exposed to bleomycin at a dose of 40 µg/mL for 2 hrs in the presence or absence of different doses of the decoction (100, 300, and 600 µg/mL). Modulatory effect of the decoction on bleomycin induced cytogenetic damage was evaluated by (a) degree of chromosomal aberrations (CA), (b) formation of micronuclei (MN), and (c) induction of γH2AX foci in lymphocytes exposed to bleomycin. Lymphocytes pretreated with the decoction showed that a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in bleomycin induced (a) stable and unstable chromosome aberrations (CA), (b) MN formation, and (c) formation of γH2AX foci, when compared to lymphocytes treated only with bleomycin. The decoction by itself d...
Laboratory medicine, 2016
Microdeletions of the 7q11.23 Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region (WBSCR) are reported wit... more Microdeletions of the 7q11.23 Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region (WBSCR) are reported with a frequency of 1 in 10,000, whereas microduplications of the region, although expected to occur at the same frequency, are not widely reported. We evaluated a 9-year old Omani boy for idiopathic intellectual disability using genetic methods, including multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), for detection of microdeletions (P064-B3). MLPA analysis revealed that the boy has a rare microduplication of the WBSCR. Prominent clinical features include global developmental delay with pronounced speech delay, dysmorphic facies, and autistic features. Microduplications, in general, are reported at a lesser frequency, perhaps owing to their milder phenotype. Complete genetic assessment in children with idiopathic intellectual disability would help in identifying rare conditions such as duplication of the WBSCR.
World journal of radiology, Jan 28, 2015
The radiation is considered as a double edged sword, as its beneficial and detrimental effects ha... more The radiation is considered as a double edged sword, as its beneficial and detrimental effects have been demonstrated. The potential benefits are being exploited to its maximum by adopting safe handling of radionuclide stipulated by the regulatory agencies. While the occupational workers are monitored by personnel monitoring devices, for general publics, it is not a regular practice. However, it can be achieved by using biomarkers with a potential for the radiation triage and medical management. An ideal biomarker to adopt in those situations should be rapid, specific, sensitive, reproducible, and able to categorize the nature of exposure and could provide a reliable dose estimation irrespective of the time of the exposures. Since cytogenetic markers shown to have many advantages relatively than other markers, the origins of various chromosomal abnormalities induced by ionizing radiations along with dose-response curves generated in the laboratory are presented. Current status of th...
The Indian journal of medical research, 2016
Subtelomeres are prone to deleterious rearrangements owing to their proximity to unique sequences... more Subtelomeres are prone to deleterious rearrangements owing to their proximity to unique sequences on the one end and telomeric repetitive sequences, which increase their tendency to recombine, on the other end. These subtelomeric rearrangements resulting in segmental aneusomy are reported to contribute to the aetiology of idiopathic intellectual disability/developmental delay (ID/DD). We undertook this study to estimate the frequency of subtelomeric rearrangements in children with ID/DD. One hundred and twenty seven children with idiopathic ID/DD were tested for subtelomeric rearrangements using karyotyping and FISH. Blood samples were cultured, harvested, fixed and GTG-banded using the standard protocols. Rearrangements involving the subtelomeres were observed in 7.8 per cent of the tested samples. Detection of rearrangements visible at the resolution of the karyotype constituted 2.3 per cent, while those rearrangements detected only with FISH constituted 5.5 per cent. Five deletio...
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, 2007
The radiomimetic drug bleomycin induced chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) were st... more The radiomimetic drug bleomycin induced chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) were studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), as reference to normal cells and Glioma (BMG-1) as reference to tumor cells, with and without exposure to 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG, an analogue of glucose). Treatment with bleomycin increased both CA and MN frequency in a dose dependent manner in both cell types. The frequencies of CA are 2 fold higher than MN for a given concentration of bleomycin. Exposure to bleomycin predominantly induced exchange type chromosome aberrations. While in the presence of 2-DG the aberrations induced by bleomycin reduced significantly in PBL, the same was increased significantly in BMG cells (P<0.001) showing a protective effect and sensitizing effect on normal and tumor cells respectively. The dose modulatory factor (protection) for different concentration of bleomycin exposure varied between 0.38 and 0.72 for CA and 0.1 and 0.84 for MN in PBL. In the case of BMG-1 cells, the modulatory factor (sensitization) varied between 1.42 and 2.59 for CA, 1.25 and 1.66 for MN at different concentration of bleomycin exposure. The modulatory effect of 2-DG was also evidenced from the coefficients obtained for the dose-response curves of the aberrations studied. The paper discusses the types of aberrations induced by bleomycin and the mechanism involved for differential modifications of cytogenetic damage by 2-DG in normal (PBL) and tumor (Glioma) cells.
Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology, Jan 24, 2015
The extracellular environment is a complex network of functional and structural components that i... more The extracellular environment is a complex network of functional and structural components that impart chemical and mechanical stimuli that affect cellular function and fate. Cell differentiation on three dimensional scaffolds is also determined by the modulus of the substrate. Electrospun PCL nanofibers, which mimic the extra cellular matrix, have been developed with a wide variety of solvents and their combinations. The various studies have revealed that the solvents used influence the physical and mechanical properties, resulting in scaffolds with Young's modulus in the range of 1.8-15.4 MPa, more suitable for engineering of hard tissue like bone. The current study describes the use of benign binary solvent-generated fibrous scaffolds with a Young's modulus of 36.05 ± 13.08 kPa, which is almost 50 times lower than that of scaffolds derived from the commonly used solvents, characterized with myoblast, which can be further explored for applications in muscle and soft tissue...
Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997
Micronucleus (MN) dose-response curves have been studied in blood samples obtained from a healthy... more Micronucleus (MN) dose-response curves have been studied in blood samples obtained from a healthy volunteer with both a methotrexate synchronised culture and with a conventional culture method. The curve obtained with the synchronised culture, showed better response at higher doses compared to that obtained with the conventional procedure. Generally, MN frequency obtained at a dose of 4.0 Gy with the conventional procedure is lower, compared to that obtained with dicentric (DC) frequency. The present study also showed that MN frequency obtained at this dose was lower (0.79 +/- 0.09) compared to that obtained with DC frequency (0.91 +/- 0.10). However, DC frequency obtained with the synchronised culture was almost the same as that obtained with the conventional method, whereas acentric frequency showed an increase with the synchronised culture. The study showed that the ratios of MN frequency/total aberration frequency observed with the synchronised (0.63) and that obtained with the conventional culture (0.59) was more or less the same indicating that higher acentric frequency may be the cause for higher MN frequency in the synchronised culture. The present study indicates that methotrexate may not be the cause of higher acentric frequency in synchronised culture. A possible reason for the higher acentric frequency in the synchronised culture, is highlighted.
Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 1997
The frequency of micronuclei and acentrics obtained with different doses of 6°Co gamma radiation ... more The frequency of micronuclei and acentrics obtained with different doses of 6°Co gamma radiation was examined. When compared to acentric frequency the micronuclei frequency was found to be higher at about 115% for doses below 1 Gy. However, it dropped to about 65% as the dose was increased to 4 Gy. This paper discusses the causes for the reduced frequency of micronuclei at higher doses by taking into account the possibility of their being masked from view by the daughter nuclei in the binucleated cell. NUCL