Somrudee Saiyudthong - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Somrudee Saiyudthong

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of aromatherapy massage with lime essential oil on stress

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanisms underlying the antidepressant properties of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Research paper thumbnail of ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อความเครียดของนักศึกษาสาธารณสุขศาสตร์ ในวิทยาลัยสหเวชศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสวนสุนันทา ศูนย์การศึกษาจังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม

The purpose of this research was to study stress levels and the factors influenced stress levels ... more The purpose of this research was to study stress levels and the factors influenced stress levels of Public Health Students in College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samutsongkhram campus. The samples of this study consisted of 189 Public Health Student on 1-3 level of undergraduate students, Academic year 2018. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by frequency percentages Chi – square test and Logistic regression analysis. The result found the students 49% had severe stress level. The factors associated with stress level of Public Health Student in College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samutsongkhram campus were the personal factors such as personality and the study factors such as level of undergraduate students that a significance level at 0.005 and 0.001 respectively. After analyzed the linear logistic regression analysis with Forward Stepwise method. The results showed that the second level of underg...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Inhaling Bergamot Oil on Depression-Related Behaviors in Chronic Stressed Rats

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2015

BACKGROUND Bergamot essential oil (BEO) possesses sedation and anxiolytic properties similar to d... more BACKGROUND Bergamot essential oil (BEO) possesses sedation and anxiolytic properties similar to diazepam. After long period of exposure to stressors, including restrained stress, depressive-like behavior can be produced. BEO has been suggested to reduce depression. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting this property. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of BEO in chronic stressed rats on: 1) behavior related depressive disorder, 2) hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis response, and iii) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in hippocampus. MATERIAL AND METHOD Male Wistar rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were induced chronic restrained stress 15 minutes dailyfor two weeks. For the next two weeks, these rats were divided intofour groups, control-i.p., fluoxetine-i.p., control-inhale, and BEO-inhale. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg i.p.) or saline was intraperitoneally administered daily while 2.5% BEO or saline was inhaled daily. At the end of the treatment, rats ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between ECL and ELISA for the detection of salivary cortisol and determination of the relationship between cortisol in saliva and serum measured by ECL

Salivary cortisol has been increasingly used as a stress biomarker since saliva sampling induces ... more Salivary cortisol has been increasingly used as a stress biomarker since saliva sampling induces less additional stress than blood sampling. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been commonly used to measure salivary cortisol in stress related research. Recently, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), a routine immunoassay analyser, has been suggested to measure salivary cortisol. Therefore, the aims of this study are: (1) to compare salivary cortisol level measured by ELISA and ECL and (2) to determine the relationship between salivary cortisol and serum cortisol measured by ECL. Both salivary and serum samples were collected from 83 volunteers for cortisol measurement by ECL analysis. The salivary cortisol value was 3% of that of the serum cortisol. For ECL, the positive correlation between salivary and serum cortisol levels was significant (r = 0.84; p < 0.001). The measurement by two different methods did not show any significant difference (p = 0.5497). The correlation of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effects of barakol and serotonergic drugs on exploratory behaviour in rats

Barakol (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an active ingredient extracted from Cassia siamea, has been shown to ha... more Barakol (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an active ingredient extracted from Cassia siamea, has been shown to have anxiolytic properties on the elevated plus-maze at a low dose similar to diazepam and to increase exploratory and locomotor behaviour. Drugs increasing serotonergic function also alter exploratory activity. The mechanism underlying the effects of barakol on exploratory behaviour has not been studied, therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate exploratory activity in rats treated with barakol compared with drugs known to have specific action on the 5HT system. Exploratory behaviours were monitored in the rat using the holeboard model. The results show that the 5HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P<0.05) decreased exploratory behaviours including rearing, number of head dips and time spent head dipping and the effects were antagonised by the selective 5HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Paroxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) also sig...

Research paper thumbnail of PS120. Effects of linalool on chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviour and BDNF protein in the hippocampus of rats

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, May 27, 2016

Cytokine levels were generally changed in both depressed patients and animal models. Altered pept... more Cytokine levels were generally changed in both depressed patients and animal models. Altered peptide ligand (APL) of myelin basic protein (MBP) regulates levels of various cytokines,

Research paper thumbnail of Subchronic Administration of Linalool Decreases Depressive-Like Behaviour in Restrained Rats

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linalool in chronically stress... more Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linalool in chronically stressed rats on their behaviour as related to depressive disorders and BDNF (brain-derived neurotropic factor) protein in the hippocampus. Methods: Either Tween 80 or linalool (50, 160, 500 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rats, daily, for two weeks. Some rats were housed in home cages but the others were induced with chronic restrained stress (15 min daily). At the end of the treatment, the rats were assessed for depressive-like behaviour using the forced swimming test. At the end of the behaviour test, the animals were immediately decapitated and the hippocampus of each animal was removed for the measurement of the BDNF protein by ELISA. Result: The immobility time was significantly increased (p < 0.05) but time of climbing was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The restrained rats treated with linalool, 500 mg/kg, displayed immobility times less than those of their controls (p < 0.05) while these rats showed significantly more climbing than in the control rats (p < 0.05). Linalool showed no effect on the BDNF protein in the hippocampus. Conclusions: linalool decreases behaviour related to depressive disorders but it has no effect on the BDNF protein in chronic restrained stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effects of barakol and serotonergic drugs on exploratory behaviour in rats

Barakol (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an active ingredient extracted from Cassia siamea, has been shown to ha... more Barakol (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an active ingredient extracted from Cassia siamea, has been shown to have anxiolytic properties on the elevated plus-maze at a low dose similar to diazepam and to increase exploratory and locomotor behaviour. Drugs increasing serotonergic function also alter exploratory activity. The mechanism underlying the effects of barakol on exploratory behaviour has not been studied, therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate exploratory activity in rats treated with barakol compared with drugs known to have specific action on the 5HT system. Exploratory behaviours were monitored in the rat using the holeboard model. The results show that the 5HT 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P<0.05) decreased exploratory behaviours including rearing, number of head dips and time spent head dipping and the effects were antagonised by the selective 5HT 1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Paroxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) also s...

Research paper thumbnail of The comparative study of depression between gifted children and normal children

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2010

Gifted children have more depression than normal children because of their expectation to be the ... more Gifted children have more depression than normal children because of their expectation to be the first. Compare depression between gifted children and normal children. The subjects, aged 9-12 years from Patai School, were 40 gifted children and 40 normal children. Their depression conditions were evaluated by using CDI score and taking saliva sample for cortisol measurement. The prevalence of depression by CDI score in 40 gifted children was 37.5% and the prevalence of depression by CDI score in normal children was 27.5%. The data was analysed by Chi-square test and the result was not statistical significant (p > 0.05). The mean salivary cortisol level in 39 gifted children was 4.91 nmol/l (SD = 2.12) and the average salivary cortisol level in 38 normal children was 4.14 nmol/l (SD = 1.92). The data was analysed by unpaired t-test and the result was not statistical significant (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between salivary cortisol and CDI score (r = -0.194). Gifted chi...

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effect of vetiver oil on stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, c-fos expression and corticosterone release

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effect of vetiver oil on stress-induced anxiety-like behaviour, c- fos expression and corticosterone release

2nd Annual International Conference on Neuroscience and Neurobiology Research (CNN 2014), 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Anxiety-like behaviour and c-fos expression in rats that inhaled vetiver essential oil

Natural Product Research, 2015

Vetiver essential oil (VEO) has been used in aromatherapy for relaxation. This study aimed to inv... more Vetiver essential oil (VEO) has been used in aromatherapy for relaxation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VEO on an anxiety-related behavioural model (the elevated plus-maze, EPM) and immediate-early gene c-fos in amygdala, known to be involved in anxiety. Male Wistar rats were administered diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) for 30 min or inhalated with VEO (1%, 2.5% or 5% w/w) for 7 min prior to exposure to the EPM. Then, the effects of 2.5% VEO, the anxiolytic dose, on c-fos expression in amygdala were investigated. The rats given either 2.5% VEO or diazepam exhibited an anxiolytic-like profile in the EPM. VEO and diazepam significantly increased c-fos expression in the lateral division of the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeL). Therefore, the anxiolytic properties of VEO might be associated with altering neuronal activation in CeL. However, future studies are needed to investigate the precise mechanism of action of VEO.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxiety-related behaviour and corticosterone level in rats

Phytotherapy Research, 2011

Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright &amp;amp;amp;am... more Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Arn. (Rutaceae), is used widely in aromatherapy to reduce stress and anxiety despite limited scientific evidence. A previous study showed that BEO significantly increased gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in rat hippocampus, suggesting potential anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BEO (1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% w/w) administered to rats on both anxiety-related behaviours (the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board tests) and stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone in comparison with the effects of diazepam. Inhalation of BEO (1% and 2.5%) and injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the percentage of open arm entries on the EPM. The percentage time spent in the open arms was also significantly enhanced following administration of either BEO (2.5% and 5%) or diazepam. Total arm entries were significantly increased with the highest dose (5%), suggesting an increase in locomotor activity. In the hole-board test, 2.5% BEO and diazepam significantly increased the number of head dips. 2.5% BEO and diazepam attenuated the corticosterone response to acute stress caused by exposure to the EPM. In conclusion, both BEO and diazepam exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviours and attenuated HPA axis activity by reducing the corticosterone response to stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxiety‐related behaviour and corticosterone level in rats

Phytotherapy Research, 2011

Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright &amp;amp;amp;am... more Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Arn. (Rutaceae), is used widely in aromatherapy to reduce stress and anxiety despite limited scientific evidence. A previous study showed that BEO significantly increased gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in rat hippocampus, suggesting potential anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BEO (1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% w/w) administered to rats on both anxiety-related behaviours (the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board tests) and stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone in comparison with the effects of diazepam. Inhalation of BEO (1% and 2.5%) and injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the percentage of open arm entries on the EPM. The percentage time spent in the open arms was also significantly enhanced following administration of either BEO (2.5% and 5%) or diazepam. Total arm entries were significantly increased with the highest dose (5%), suggesting an increase in locomotor activity. In the hole-board test, 2.5% BEO and diazepam significantly increased the number of head dips. 2.5% BEO and diazepam attenuated the corticosterone response to acute stress caused by exposure to the EPM. In conclusion, both BEO and diazepam exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviours and attenuated HPA axis activity by reducing the corticosterone response to stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of aromatherapy massage with lime essential oil on stress

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanisms underlying the antidepressant properties of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Research paper thumbnail of ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อความเครียดของนักศึกษาสาธารณสุขศาสตร์ ในวิทยาลัยสหเวชศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสวนสุนันทา ศูนย์การศึกษาจังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม

The purpose of this research was to study stress levels and the factors influenced stress levels ... more The purpose of this research was to study stress levels and the factors influenced stress levels of Public Health Students in College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samutsongkhram campus. The samples of this study consisted of 189 Public Health Student on 1-3 level of undergraduate students, Academic year 2018. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by frequency percentages Chi – square test and Logistic regression analysis. The result found the students 49% had severe stress level. The factors associated with stress level of Public Health Student in College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samutsongkhram campus were the personal factors such as personality and the study factors such as level of undergraduate students that a significance level at 0.005 and 0.001 respectively. After analyzed the linear logistic regression analysis with Forward Stepwise method. The results showed that the second level of underg...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Inhaling Bergamot Oil on Depression-Related Behaviors in Chronic Stressed Rats

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2015

BACKGROUND Bergamot essential oil (BEO) possesses sedation and anxiolytic properties similar to d... more BACKGROUND Bergamot essential oil (BEO) possesses sedation and anxiolytic properties similar to diazepam. After long period of exposure to stressors, including restrained stress, depressive-like behavior can be produced. BEO has been suggested to reduce depression. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting this property. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of BEO in chronic stressed rats on: 1) behavior related depressive disorder, 2) hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis response, and iii) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in hippocampus. MATERIAL AND METHOD Male Wistar rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were induced chronic restrained stress 15 minutes dailyfor two weeks. For the next two weeks, these rats were divided intofour groups, control-i.p., fluoxetine-i.p., control-inhale, and BEO-inhale. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg i.p.) or saline was intraperitoneally administered daily while 2.5% BEO or saline was inhaled daily. At the end of the treatment, rats ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between ECL and ELISA for the detection of salivary cortisol and determination of the relationship between cortisol in saliva and serum measured by ECL

Salivary cortisol has been increasingly used as a stress biomarker since saliva sampling induces ... more Salivary cortisol has been increasingly used as a stress biomarker since saliva sampling induces less additional stress than blood sampling. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been commonly used to measure salivary cortisol in stress related research. Recently, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), a routine immunoassay analyser, has been suggested to measure salivary cortisol. Therefore, the aims of this study are: (1) to compare salivary cortisol level measured by ELISA and ECL and (2) to determine the relationship between salivary cortisol and serum cortisol measured by ECL. Both salivary and serum samples were collected from 83 volunteers for cortisol measurement by ECL analysis. The salivary cortisol value was 3% of that of the serum cortisol. For ECL, the positive correlation between salivary and serum cortisol levels was significant (r = 0.84; p < 0.001). The measurement by two different methods did not show any significant difference (p = 0.5497). The correlation of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effects of barakol and serotonergic drugs on exploratory behaviour in rats

Barakol (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an active ingredient extracted from Cassia siamea, has been shown to ha... more Barakol (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an active ingredient extracted from Cassia siamea, has been shown to have anxiolytic properties on the elevated plus-maze at a low dose similar to diazepam and to increase exploratory and locomotor behaviour. Drugs increasing serotonergic function also alter exploratory activity. The mechanism underlying the effects of barakol on exploratory behaviour has not been studied, therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate exploratory activity in rats treated with barakol compared with drugs known to have specific action on the 5HT system. Exploratory behaviours were monitored in the rat using the holeboard model. The results show that the 5HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P<0.05) decreased exploratory behaviours including rearing, number of head dips and time spent head dipping and the effects were antagonised by the selective 5HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Paroxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) also sig...

Research paper thumbnail of PS120. Effects of linalool on chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviour and BDNF protein in the hippocampus of rats

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, May 27, 2016

Cytokine levels were generally changed in both depressed patients and animal models. Altered pept... more Cytokine levels were generally changed in both depressed patients and animal models. Altered peptide ligand (APL) of myelin basic protein (MBP) regulates levels of various cytokines,

Research paper thumbnail of Subchronic Administration of Linalool Decreases Depressive-Like Behaviour in Restrained Rats

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linalool in chronically stress... more Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linalool in chronically stressed rats on their behaviour as related to depressive disorders and BDNF (brain-derived neurotropic factor) protein in the hippocampus. Methods: Either Tween 80 or linalool (50, 160, 500 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rats, daily, for two weeks. Some rats were housed in home cages but the others were induced with chronic restrained stress (15 min daily). At the end of the treatment, the rats were assessed for depressive-like behaviour using the forced swimming test. At the end of the behaviour test, the animals were immediately decapitated and the hippocampus of each animal was removed for the measurement of the BDNF protein by ELISA. Result: The immobility time was significantly increased (p < 0.05) but time of climbing was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The restrained rats treated with linalool, 500 mg/kg, displayed immobility times less than those of their controls (p < 0.05) while these rats showed significantly more climbing than in the control rats (p < 0.05). Linalool showed no effect on the BDNF protein in the hippocampus. Conclusions: linalool decreases behaviour related to depressive disorders but it has no effect on the BDNF protein in chronic restrained stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effects of barakol and serotonergic drugs on exploratory behaviour in rats

Barakol (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an active ingredient extracted from Cassia siamea, has been shown to ha... more Barakol (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an active ingredient extracted from Cassia siamea, has been shown to have anxiolytic properties on the elevated plus-maze at a low dose similar to diazepam and to increase exploratory and locomotor behaviour. Drugs increasing serotonergic function also alter exploratory activity. The mechanism underlying the effects of barakol on exploratory behaviour has not been studied, therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate exploratory activity in rats treated with barakol compared with drugs known to have specific action on the 5HT system. Exploratory behaviours were monitored in the rat using the holeboard model. The results show that the 5HT 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P<0.05) decreased exploratory behaviours including rearing, number of head dips and time spent head dipping and the effects were antagonised by the selective 5HT 1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Paroxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) also s...

Research paper thumbnail of The comparative study of depression between gifted children and normal children

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2010

Gifted children have more depression than normal children because of their expectation to be the ... more Gifted children have more depression than normal children because of their expectation to be the first. Compare depression between gifted children and normal children. The subjects, aged 9-12 years from Patai School, were 40 gifted children and 40 normal children. Their depression conditions were evaluated by using CDI score and taking saliva sample for cortisol measurement. The prevalence of depression by CDI score in 40 gifted children was 37.5% and the prevalence of depression by CDI score in normal children was 27.5%. The data was analysed by Chi-square test and the result was not statistical significant (p > 0.05). The mean salivary cortisol level in 39 gifted children was 4.91 nmol/l (SD = 2.12) and the average salivary cortisol level in 38 normal children was 4.14 nmol/l (SD = 1.92). The data was analysed by unpaired t-test and the result was not statistical significant (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between salivary cortisol and CDI score (r = -0.194). Gifted chi...

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effect of vetiver oil on stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, c-fos expression and corticosterone release

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effect of vetiver oil on stress-induced anxiety-like behaviour, c- fos expression and corticosterone release

2nd Annual International Conference on Neuroscience and Neurobiology Research (CNN 2014), 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Anxiety-like behaviour and c-fos expression in rats that inhaled vetiver essential oil

Natural Product Research, 2015

Vetiver essential oil (VEO) has been used in aromatherapy for relaxation. This study aimed to inv... more Vetiver essential oil (VEO) has been used in aromatherapy for relaxation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VEO on an anxiety-related behavioural model (the elevated plus-maze, EPM) and immediate-early gene c-fos in amygdala, known to be involved in anxiety. Male Wistar rats were administered diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) for 30 min or inhalated with VEO (1%, 2.5% or 5% w/w) for 7 min prior to exposure to the EPM. Then, the effects of 2.5% VEO, the anxiolytic dose, on c-fos expression in amygdala were investigated. The rats given either 2.5% VEO or diazepam exhibited an anxiolytic-like profile in the EPM. VEO and diazepam significantly increased c-fos expression in the lateral division of the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeL). Therefore, the anxiolytic properties of VEO might be associated with altering neuronal activation in CeL. However, future studies are needed to investigate the precise mechanism of action of VEO.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxiety-related behaviour and corticosterone level in rats

Phytotherapy Research, 2011

Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright &amp;amp;amp;am... more Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Arn. (Rutaceae), is used widely in aromatherapy to reduce stress and anxiety despite limited scientific evidence. A previous study showed that BEO significantly increased gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in rat hippocampus, suggesting potential anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BEO (1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% w/w) administered to rats on both anxiety-related behaviours (the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board tests) and stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone in comparison with the effects of diazepam. Inhalation of BEO (1% and 2.5%) and injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the percentage of open arm entries on the EPM. The percentage time spent in the open arms was also significantly enhanced following administration of either BEO (2.5% and 5%) or diazepam. Total arm entries were significantly increased with the highest dose (5%), suggesting an increase in locomotor activity. In the hole-board test, 2.5% BEO and diazepam significantly increased the number of head dips. 2.5% BEO and diazepam attenuated the corticosterone response to acute stress caused by exposure to the EPM. In conclusion, both BEO and diazepam exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviours and attenuated HPA axis activity by reducing the corticosterone response to stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxiety‐related behaviour and corticosterone level in rats

Phytotherapy Research, 2011

Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright &amp;amp;amp;am... more Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Arn. (Rutaceae), is used widely in aromatherapy to reduce stress and anxiety despite limited scientific evidence. A previous study showed that BEO significantly increased gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in rat hippocampus, suggesting potential anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BEO (1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% w/w) administered to rats on both anxiety-related behaviours (the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board tests) and stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone in comparison with the effects of diazepam. Inhalation of BEO (1% and 2.5%) and injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the percentage of open arm entries on the EPM. The percentage time spent in the open arms was also significantly enhanced following administration of either BEO (2.5% and 5%) or diazepam. Total arm entries were significantly increased with the highest dose (5%), suggesting an increase in locomotor activity. In the hole-board test, 2.5% BEO and diazepam significantly increased the number of head dips. 2.5% BEO and diazepam attenuated the corticosterone response to acute stress caused by exposure to the EPM. In conclusion, both BEO and diazepam exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviours and attenuated HPA axis activity by reducing the corticosterone response to stress.