Song-miao Fan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Song-miao Fan
Atmosphere, May 28, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Nov 1, 2019
Mixed-phase clouds are frequently observed in the atmosphere. Here we present a parameterization ... more Mixed-phase clouds are frequently observed in the atmosphere. Here we present a parameterization for ice crystal concentration and ice nucleation rate based on parcel model simulations for mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds, as a complement to a previous parameterization for stratus clouds. The parcel model uses a singular (time independent) description for deposition nucleation and a time-dependent description for condensation nucleation and immersion freezing on mineral dust particles. The mineral dust and temperature-dependent parameterizations have been implemented in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory atmosphere model, version 4.0 (AM4.0) (new), while the standard AM4.0 (original) uses a temperature-dependent parameterization. Model simulations with the new and original AM4.0 show significant changes in cloud properties and radiative effects. In comparison to measurements, cloud-phase (i.e., liquid and ice partitioning) simulation appears to be improved in the new AM4.0. More supercooled liquid cloud is predicted in the new model, it is sustained even at temperatures lower than 2258C unlike in the original model. A more accurate accounting of ice nucleating particles and ice crystals is essential for improved cloud-phase simulation in the global atmosphere.
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 2018
In Part 2 of this two-part paper, documentation is provided of key aspects of a version of the AM... more In Part 2 of this two-part paper, documentation is provided of key aspects of a version of the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system models (CM4 and ESM4) under development at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The quality of the simulation in AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) mode has been provided in Part 1. Part 2 provides documentation of key components and some sensitivities to choices of model formulation and values of parameters, highlighting the convection parameterization and orographic gravity wave drag. The approach taken to tune the model's clouds to observations is a particular focal point. Care is taken to describe the extent to which aerosol effective forcing and Cess sensitivity have been tuned through the model development process, both of which are relevant to the ability of the model to simulate the evolution of temperatures over the last century when coupled to an ocean model.
Journal of Climate, 2017
The wintertime Arctic temperature (T; surface–400 hPa) decreased from 1979 to 1997 and increased ... more The wintertime Arctic temperature (T; surface–400 hPa) decreased from 1979 to 1997 and increased rapidly from 1998 to 2012, in contrast to the global mean surface air temperature. Here aspects of circulation variability that are associated with these temperature changes are examined using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and ERA-Interim products. It is found that the Nordic–Siberia seesaw of meridional winds near 70°N is associated with two-thirds of the variance of the Arctic winter mean T, possibly contributing to the cooling and warming trends. It is suggested here that the seesaw accounts for much of the difference in Arctic amplification between observations and climate models. Growth of sea ice in winter is hindered by southerly winds over the Nordic region (0°–60°E). Through modulation of the wind seesaw, the eastern Atlantic (EA) pattern is found to be significantly associated with Arctic and East Asia winter climate variations. In one phase of the EA pattern, a midlatitude North At...
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2017
In this study, two parameterizations of ice nucleation rate on dust particles are used in a parce... more In this study, two parameterizations of ice nucleation rate on dust particles are used in a parcel model to simulate aircraft measurements of ice crystal number concentration N i in the Arctic. The parcel model has detailed microphysics for droplet and ice nucleation, growth, and evaporation with prescribed vertical air velocities. Three dynamic regimes are considered, including large-scale ascent, cloud-top generating cells, and their combination. With observed meteorological conditions and aerosol concentrations, the parcel model predicts the number concentrations of size-resolved ice crystals, which may be compared to aircraft measurements. Model results show rapid changes with height/time in relative humidity, N i, and thermodynamic phase partitioning, which is not resolved in current climate and weather forecasting models. Parameterizations for ice number and nucleation rate in mixed-phase stratus clouds are thus developed based on the parcel model results to represent the time...
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), Jan 31, 2016
Although the adverse impact of fine particulate matter (i.e., PM2.5) on human health has been wel... more Although the adverse impact of fine particulate matter (i.e., PM2.5) on human health has been well acknowledged, little is known of the health effects of its specific constituents. Over the past decade, the annual average dust concentrations in Beijing were approximately ∼14 μg m(-3), a value that poses a great threat to the city's 20 million residents. In this study, we quantify the potential long-term health damages in Beijing resulting from the dust exposure that occurred from 2000 to 2011. Each year in Beijing, nearly 4000 (95% CI: 1000-7000) premature deaths may be associated with long-term dust exposure, and ∼20% of these deaths are attributed to lung cancer. A decomposition analysis of the inter-annual variability of premature deaths in Beijing indicates that dust concentrations determine the year-to-year tendency, whereas population growth and lung cancer mortality rates drive the increasing tendency of premature death. We suggest that if Beijing takes effective measures...
Modeling Wet Removal of Mineral Dust as Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Aerosols in the Atmosphere
ABSTRACT
Atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CH₄, CO₂, O₂ /
ABSTRACT
Impact of air pollution on deposition of mineral dust: Implications for ocean productivity
ABSTRACT
Net exchange of CO2 in middle altitude forests
Net exchange of CO[sub 2] in a mid-latitude forest
Science
ABSTRACT
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2013
Mineral dust aerosol is the main ice nucleus (IN) in the Arctic. Observed dust concentrations at ... more Mineral dust aerosol is the main ice nucleus (IN) in the Arctic. Observed dust concentrations at Alert, Canada, are lowest in winter and summer and highest in spring and autumn. In this study, we simulate transport and deposition of dust in a global chemical transport model. The model predicts the spring maximum caused by natural dust from desert sources in Asia and Sahara but underestimates the observations in autumn. Both natural and pollution sources contribute to the wintertime dust burden, as suggested by previous measurements of elemental compositions. Cloud parcel model simulations were carried out to study the impact of dust aerosol on the formation of mixed-phase and ice clouds in the Arctic lower troposphere. The liquid water path of low-level cloud is most sensitive to dust aerosol concentration from winter to early spring when air temperature is at its lowest in the annual cycle. The global and parcel models together suggest that low concentrations and acid coating of dust particles are favorable conditions for occurrence of mixed-phase clouds and that anthropogenic pollution can cause significant perturbations to Arctic IN and clouds in winter.
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1988
Estimation of release rates of CH4, N20 , and other trace gases from rice agriculture in China re... more Estimation of release rates of CH4, N20 , and other trace gases from rice agriculture in China requires that details of microbiology, rice field benthic fauna, fertilizer use, and how farmers farm be understood. The potential importance of natural fertilizer can be estimated, based on published biogas generator efficiency in rural China, with the result that CH 4 production from the fermentation of animal and human wastes prior to use as fertilizer may be comparable to that expected to be released from flooded rice fields. A review of agricultural practices in Anhui and Fujian Provinces indicates that marked seasonal and geographic variations in CH 4 and other trace gas releases to the atmosphere from Chinese agricultural areas are expected.
Tellus B, 1999
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) is an excellent tracer of large-scale atmospheric transport, because i... more Sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) is an excellent tracer of large-scale atmospheric transport, because it has slowly increasing sources mostly confined to northern midlatitudes, and has a lifetime of thousands of years. We have simulated the emissions, transport, and concentration of SF 6
Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2003
Spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations contain information about surf... more Spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations contain information about surface sources and sinks, which can be quantitatively interpreted through tracer transport inversion. Previous CO 2 inversion calculations obtained differing results due to different data, methods and transport models used. To isolate the sources of uncertainty, we have conducted a set of annual mean inversion experiments in which 17 different transport models or model variants were used to calculate regional carbon sources and sinks from the same data with a standardized method. Simulated transport is a significant source of uncertainty in these calculations, particularly in the response to prescribed "background" fluxes due to fossil fuel combustion, a balanced terrestrial biosphere, and air-sea gas exchange. Individual model-estimated fluxes are often a direct reflection of their response to these background fluxes. Models that generate strong surface maxima near background exchange locations tend to require larger uptake near those locations. Models with weak surface maxima tend to have less uptake in those same regions but may infer small sources downwind. In some cases, individual model flux estimates cannot be analyzed through simple relationships to background flux responses but are
Science, 1993
The spectrograph collects the radiation from an area of 3 ,urm in diameter of the sample through ... more The spectrograph collects the radiation from an area of 3 ,urm in diameter of the sample through a pinhole with 50 ,um in diameter. The temperature gradient over this area is only a few degrees. The error bars in Fig. 2 reflect the laser power fluctuation (root mean square is less than <0.5%). We followed the method suggested by Boehler et al. (2) in using a ruby crystal on the top of the sample as the isolator. The use of crystals eliminates the possibility of any significant reaction with the sample. In particular at the subsolidus temperature range of our study, reaction between the iron and the ruby was not a problem. A circular area with diameter of 3 tm was sampled by the spectrograph to get one pressure
Atmosphere-Biosphere Exchange of Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Ozone
The atmosphere-biosphere exchange was measured for CO_2 and O_3 in a tropical rain forest in the ... more The atmosphere-biosphere exchange was measured for CO_2 and O_3 in a tropical rain forest in the wet season of 1987, and for CO_2, CH_4 , and O_3 in a subarctic tundra in summer 1988. Photosynthesis and respiration were found to be in approximate balance in the rain forest. Net ecosystem uptake of CO_2 in the forest increased with intensity of light in the range of measurements. It is suggested that photosynthesis of a well-watered forest is primarily controlled by photosynthetically active radiation. Changes in the distribution of cloud cover, associated for example with El Nino, might induce globally significant changes in primary productivity and carbon storage. Soil moisture controls in tundra the distribution and association of vegetation types and the atmosphere -biosphere exchange of CO_2, although light intensity also influences the daily and seasonal net exchange of CO_2. Methane fluxes from the subarctic tundra averaged 25 +/- 1 (SE) mgCH_4/m ^2/d, representing 6 percent t...
Plant, Cell and Environment, 1996
O ur ohjective is to descrihe a multi-layer model of C.r canopy processes that effectively simula... more O ur ohjective is to descrihe a multi-layer model of C.r canopy processes that effectively simulates houri)' C02 :uul latent ener gy (U~) lluxcs in a mixed deciduous Quercus-Acer (oak-maple) st'.111d in c~ntral l\ l~1ssac~1u selts, US/\. The key hy pothesis J!OVe rnmg the b1oloA1cal component of the model is Urnt stomata! conductance (g,.) is var ied s o that d ail y carbon uptake per unit of foliar nit r oj:!en is maximized wit hin the limitations of ca1101>Y water avr1ilability. T he h ydraulic system is modelled as :m a nalo~ue to simple electr ical circuits in parallel. includinJ! a separate soil hydraulic resistance. plant resistance and plant capacitance for each c:m op y layer. Stomata! openin(! is initially controlled to conserve plant water stores and delay the o nset or water stress. Stomata! clos ure at :i threshold minimum l~1f water potential prevents xyle m cavitation and contr ols the maximum r:itc of wate r llux through the h ydraulic system. We show a strong correlat ion between predicted hourly C0 2 exchange rate (r2 = 0•86) and LE (r 2 = 0•87) with independent whole-forest measurements made by the eddy correlation method during the s ummer of 1992. Our theoretical derivation s hows that observed relationships between C0 2 assimilation a nd LE nux can he explained on the basis of s tomata! behaviour 01>timizing c:irhon gain, and provides mt exi>licit link hetwecn canopy structure, soil pro1>erties. atmos pheric conditions and stomatal conductance.
Biosphere/atmosphere CO2exchange in tundra ecosystems: Community characteristics and relationships with multispectral surface reflectance
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1992
JD_description.
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2008
Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing... more Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Atmosphere, May 28, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Nov 1, 2019
Mixed-phase clouds are frequently observed in the atmosphere. Here we present a parameterization ... more Mixed-phase clouds are frequently observed in the atmosphere. Here we present a parameterization for ice crystal concentration and ice nucleation rate based on parcel model simulations for mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds, as a complement to a previous parameterization for stratus clouds. The parcel model uses a singular (time independent) description for deposition nucleation and a time-dependent description for condensation nucleation and immersion freezing on mineral dust particles. The mineral dust and temperature-dependent parameterizations have been implemented in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory atmosphere model, version 4.0 (AM4.0) (new), while the standard AM4.0 (original) uses a temperature-dependent parameterization. Model simulations with the new and original AM4.0 show significant changes in cloud properties and radiative effects. In comparison to measurements, cloud-phase (i.e., liquid and ice partitioning) simulation appears to be improved in the new AM4.0. More supercooled liquid cloud is predicted in the new model, it is sustained even at temperatures lower than 2258C unlike in the original model. A more accurate accounting of ice nucleating particles and ice crystals is essential for improved cloud-phase simulation in the global atmosphere.
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 2018
In Part 2 of this two-part paper, documentation is provided of key aspects of a version of the AM... more In Part 2 of this two-part paper, documentation is provided of key aspects of a version of the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system models (CM4 and ESM4) under development at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The quality of the simulation in AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) mode has been provided in Part 1. Part 2 provides documentation of key components and some sensitivities to choices of model formulation and values of parameters, highlighting the convection parameterization and orographic gravity wave drag. The approach taken to tune the model's clouds to observations is a particular focal point. Care is taken to describe the extent to which aerosol effective forcing and Cess sensitivity have been tuned through the model development process, both of which are relevant to the ability of the model to simulate the evolution of temperatures over the last century when coupled to an ocean model.
Journal of Climate, 2017
The wintertime Arctic temperature (T; surface–400 hPa) decreased from 1979 to 1997 and increased ... more The wintertime Arctic temperature (T; surface–400 hPa) decreased from 1979 to 1997 and increased rapidly from 1998 to 2012, in contrast to the global mean surface air temperature. Here aspects of circulation variability that are associated with these temperature changes are examined using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and ERA-Interim products. It is found that the Nordic–Siberia seesaw of meridional winds near 70°N is associated with two-thirds of the variance of the Arctic winter mean T, possibly contributing to the cooling and warming trends. It is suggested here that the seesaw accounts for much of the difference in Arctic amplification between observations and climate models. Growth of sea ice in winter is hindered by southerly winds over the Nordic region (0°–60°E). Through modulation of the wind seesaw, the eastern Atlantic (EA) pattern is found to be significantly associated with Arctic and East Asia winter climate variations. In one phase of the EA pattern, a midlatitude North At...
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2017
In this study, two parameterizations of ice nucleation rate on dust particles are used in a parce... more In this study, two parameterizations of ice nucleation rate on dust particles are used in a parcel model to simulate aircraft measurements of ice crystal number concentration N i in the Arctic. The parcel model has detailed microphysics for droplet and ice nucleation, growth, and evaporation with prescribed vertical air velocities. Three dynamic regimes are considered, including large-scale ascent, cloud-top generating cells, and their combination. With observed meteorological conditions and aerosol concentrations, the parcel model predicts the number concentrations of size-resolved ice crystals, which may be compared to aircraft measurements. Model results show rapid changes with height/time in relative humidity, N i, and thermodynamic phase partitioning, which is not resolved in current climate and weather forecasting models. Parameterizations for ice number and nucleation rate in mixed-phase stratus clouds are thus developed based on the parcel model results to represent the time...
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), Jan 31, 2016
Although the adverse impact of fine particulate matter (i.e., PM2.5) on human health has been wel... more Although the adverse impact of fine particulate matter (i.e., PM2.5) on human health has been well acknowledged, little is known of the health effects of its specific constituents. Over the past decade, the annual average dust concentrations in Beijing were approximately ∼14 μg m(-3), a value that poses a great threat to the city's 20 million residents. In this study, we quantify the potential long-term health damages in Beijing resulting from the dust exposure that occurred from 2000 to 2011. Each year in Beijing, nearly 4000 (95% CI: 1000-7000) premature deaths may be associated with long-term dust exposure, and ∼20% of these deaths are attributed to lung cancer. A decomposition analysis of the inter-annual variability of premature deaths in Beijing indicates that dust concentrations determine the year-to-year tendency, whereas population growth and lung cancer mortality rates drive the increasing tendency of premature death. We suggest that if Beijing takes effective measures...
Modeling Wet Removal of Mineral Dust as Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Aerosols in the Atmosphere
ABSTRACT
Atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CH₄, CO₂, O₂ /
ABSTRACT
Impact of air pollution on deposition of mineral dust: Implications for ocean productivity
ABSTRACT
Net exchange of CO2 in middle altitude forests
Net exchange of CO[sub 2] in a mid-latitude forest
Science
ABSTRACT
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2013
Mineral dust aerosol is the main ice nucleus (IN) in the Arctic. Observed dust concentrations at ... more Mineral dust aerosol is the main ice nucleus (IN) in the Arctic. Observed dust concentrations at Alert, Canada, are lowest in winter and summer and highest in spring and autumn. In this study, we simulate transport and deposition of dust in a global chemical transport model. The model predicts the spring maximum caused by natural dust from desert sources in Asia and Sahara but underestimates the observations in autumn. Both natural and pollution sources contribute to the wintertime dust burden, as suggested by previous measurements of elemental compositions. Cloud parcel model simulations were carried out to study the impact of dust aerosol on the formation of mixed-phase and ice clouds in the Arctic lower troposphere. The liquid water path of low-level cloud is most sensitive to dust aerosol concentration from winter to early spring when air temperature is at its lowest in the annual cycle. The global and parcel models together suggest that low concentrations and acid coating of dust particles are favorable conditions for occurrence of mixed-phase clouds and that anthropogenic pollution can cause significant perturbations to Arctic IN and clouds in winter.
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1988
Estimation of release rates of CH4, N20 , and other trace gases from rice agriculture in China re... more Estimation of release rates of CH4, N20 , and other trace gases from rice agriculture in China requires that details of microbiology, rice field benthic fauna, fertilizer use, and how farmers farm be understood. The potential importance of natural fertilizer can be estimated, based on published biogas generator efficiency in rural China, with the result that CH 4 production from the fermentation of animal and human wastes prior to use as fertilizer may be comparable to that expected to be released from flooded rice fields. A review of agricultural practices in Anhui and Fujian Provinces indicates that marked seasonal and geographic variations in CH 4 and other trace gas releases to the atmosphere from Chinese agricultural areas are expected.
Tellus B, 1999
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) is an excellent tracer of large-scale atmospheric transport, because i... more Sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) is an excellent tracer of large-scale atmospheric transport, because it has slowly increasing sources mostly confined to northern midlatitudes, and has a lifetime of thousands of years. We have simulated the emissions, transport, and concentration of SF 6
Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2003
Spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations contain information about surf... more Spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations contain information about surface sources and sinks, which can be quantitatively interpreted through tracer transport inversion. Previous CO 2 inversion calculations obtained differing results due to different data, methods and transport models used. To isolate the sources of uncertainty, we have conducted a set of annual mean inversion experiments in which 17 different transport models or model variants were used to calculate regional carbon sources and sinks from the same data with a standardized method. Simulated transport is a significant source of uncertainty in these calculations, particularly in the response to prescribed "background" fluxes due to fossil fuel combustion, a balanced terrestrial biosphere, and air-sea gas exchange. Individual model-estimated fluxes are often a direct reflection of their response to these background fluxes. Models that generate strong surface maxima near background exchange locations tend to require larger uptake near those locations. Models with weak surface maxima tend to have less uptake in those same regions but may infer small sources downwind. In some cases, individual model flux estimates cannot be analyzed through simple relationships to background flux responses but are
Science, 1993
The spectrograph collects the radiation from an area of 3 ,urm in diameter of the sample through ... more The spectrograph collects the radiation from an area of 3 ,urm in diameter of the sample through a pinhole with 50 ,um in diameter. The temperature gradient over this area is only a few degrees. The error bars in Fig. 2 reflect the laser power fluctuation (root mean square is less than <0.5%). We followed the method suggested by Boehler et al. (2) in using a ruby crystal on the top of the sample as the isolator. The use of crystals eliminates the possibility of any significant reaction with the sample. In particular at the subsolidus temperature range of our study, reaction between the iron and the ruby was not a problem. A circular area with diameter of 3 tm was sampled by the spectrograph to get one pressure
Atmosphere-Biosphere Exchange of Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Ozone
The atmosphere-biosphere exchange was measured for CO_2 and O_3 in a tropical rain forest in the ... more The atmosphere-biosphere exchange was measured for CO_2 and O_3 in a tropical rain forest in the wet season of 1987, and for CO_2, CH_4 , and O_3 in a subarctic tundra in summer 1988. Photosynthesis and respiration were found to be in approximate balance in the rain forest. Net ecosystem uptake of CO_2 in the forest increased with intensity of light in the range of measurements. It is suggested that photosynthesis of a well-watered forest is primarily controlled by photosynthetically active radiation. Changes in the distribution of cloud cover, associated for example with El Nino, might induce globally significant changes in primary productivity and carbon storage. Soil moisture controls in tundra the distribution and association of vegetation types and the atmosphere -biosphere exchange of CO_2, although light intensity also influences the daily and seasonal net exchange of CO_2. Methane fluxes from the subarctic tundra averaged 25 +/- 1 (SE) mgCH_4/m ^2/d, representing 6 percent t...
Plant, Cell and Environment, 1996
O ur ohjective is to descrihe a multi-layer model of C.r canopy processes that effectively simula... more O ur ohjective is to descrihe a multi-layer model of C.r canopy processes that effectively simulates houri)' C02 :uul latent ener gy (U~) lluxcs in a mixed deciduous Quercus-Acer (oak-maple) st'.111d in c~ntral l\ l~1ssac~1u selts, US/\. The key hy pothesis J!OVe rnmg the b1oloA1cal component of the model is Urnt stomata! conductance (g,.) is var ied s o that d ail y carbon uptake per unit of foliar nit r oj:!en is maximized wit hin the limitations of ca1101>Y water avr1ilability. T he h ydraulic system is modelled as :m a nalo~ue to simple electr ical circuits in parallel. includinJ! a separate soil hydraulic resistance. plant resistance and plant capacitance for each c:m op y layer. Stomata! openin(! is initially controlled to conserve plant water stores and delay the o nset or water stress. Stomata! clos ure at :i threshold minimum l~1f water potential prevents xyle m cavitation and contr ols the maximum r:itc of wate r llux through the h ydraulic system. We show a strong correlat ion between predicted hourly C0 2 exchange rate (r2 = 0•86) and LE (r 2 = 0•87) with independent whole-forest measurements made by the eddy correlation method during the s ummer of 1992. Our theoretical derivation s hows that observed relationships between C0 2 assimilation a nd LE nux can he explained on the basis of s tomata! behaviour 01>timizing c:irhon gain, and provides mt exi>licit link hetwecn canopy structure, soil pro1>erties. atmos pheric conditions and stomatal conductance.
Biosphere/atmosphere CO2exchange in tundra ecosystems: Community characteristics and relationships with multispectral surface reflectance
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1992
JD_description.
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2008
Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing... more Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.