Sonia Malik - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sonia Malik
The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 2021
The physical characteristics which are known to affect the ovarian reserve are age, body mass ind... more The physical characteristics which are known to affect the ovarian reserve are age, body mass index (BMI), occupational exposures, age at menarche and menstrual cycle length. A correlation between different physical characteristics and the ovarian reserve will help to identify areas which need to be tackled to increase the chances of fertility of women in India. In this retrospective, observational study, namely the MOTHER Study, data of women between 18 and 45 years of age, attending the selected fertility centers across different states in India were taken for evaluation. Demographic information along with information on factors potentially related to fertility like age of menarche, menstrual cycle length and occupational factors were collected by review of medical records at screening visit. Most recent AMH assay and antral follicle count (AFC) where the subject has not taken any contraceptives 12 months prior to the test were collected. Age of woman, years of marriage, years of infertility and smoking have shown effect on ovarian reserve testing like AMH and AFC. The other physical characteristics which were evaluated and considered to affect the ovarian reserve like body mass index BMI, occupational exposures, age at menarche and menstrual cycle length have not shown statistically significant correlation. Age of woman and years of infertility are inversely proportional to ovarian reserve markers, namely AMH and AFC. Addictions like smoking and alcohol affect ovarian reserve.
Fertility Science and Research
Introduction: Semen analysis is the gold standard for determining male partner fertility but it d... more Introduction: Semen analysis is the gold standard for determining male partner fertility but it does not provide any information about the genetic make-up of the sperm, which is essential for normal embryo development. High sperm DNA fragmentation is also found in men with normal semen parameters. Sperm with high DNA damage leads to nuclear instability in the embryo, resulting in developmental arrest, implantation failure, higher miscarriage rate, genetic mutations causing abnormalities in the offspring and increased susceptibility to childhood cancers. European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE 2017) guidelines recommend sperm DNA fragmentation testing for men whose partners experience recurrent pregnancy loss. In 25th annual meeting of ESHRE it was discussed that daily sex helps to reduce sperm DNA damage and improve fertility. The basis for this is that daily ejaculations reduce the exposure of sperms to reactive oxygen species in testicular ducts and epididymis; hence less DNA damage and improvement in DNA fragmentation index. Extrapolating this, it is hypothesized that a reduction in DFI will be observed when analysing semen obtained after daily ejaculation for four days. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of daily ejaculation for four consecutive days in improving the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Materials and Methods: Out of 170 semen samples, 65 patients had DFI of > 30% in a routine workup of male factor in an infertile couple and were recruited. Of these 56 opted for participating in this study. The initial semen sample was collected after an abstinence of 2-3 days. These patients were then asked to ejaculate daily for four consecutive days. During this period, no medication or any lifestyle modification was advised to these patients. Repeat semen sample was then collected on fifth day and DNA fragmentation index was calculated using the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.52 years (range 29–50 years). The Indications for raised DFI were: age > 35 years (41%), BMI >25 (30.35%), defective spermatogenesis (31%), diabetes (5.35%), varicocoele (5.35%), smoking (32.14%). The mean DFI in the initial sample was 57.36 ± 17.54 and the mean DFI in the repeat sample was 32.33 ± 21.62. The reduction in the DFI was statistically significant with a P-value of
Manual of Clinical Dilemma in Mature Women
US Endocrinology
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The World Journal of Men's Health
Despite advances in the field of male reproductive health, idiopathic male infertility, in which ... more Despite advances in the field of male reproductive health, idiopathic male infertility, in which a man has altered semen characteristics without an identifiable cause and there is no female factor infertility, remains a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) plays an independent role in the etiology of male infertility, with 30% to 80% of infertile men having elevated seminal reactive oxygen species levels. OS can negatively affect fertility via a number of pathways, including interference with capacitation and possible damage to sperm membrane and DNA, which may impair the sperm's potential to fertilize an egg and develop into a healthy embryo. Adequate evaluation of male reproductive potential should therefore include an assessment of sperm OS. We propose the term Male Oxidative Stress Infertility, or MOSI, as a novel descriptor for infertile men with abnormal semen characteristics and OS, including many patients who were previously classified as having idiopathic male infertility. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) can be a useful clinical biomarker for the classification of MOSI, as it takes into account the levels of both oxidants and reductants (antioxidants). Current treatment protocols for OS, including the use of antioxidants, are not evidence-based and have the potential for complications and increased healthcare-related expenditures. Utilizing an easy, reproducible, and cost-effective
Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
Context: Increased circulating insulin levels contribute to hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovaria... more Context: Increased circulating insulin levels contribute to hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which causes a derangement in folliculogenesis, thus contributing to polycystic morphogenesis of the ovaries and a higher than normal anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). A high AMH is an indicator of either stubborn anovulation or a predictor of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Hence, it is postulated that the use of insulin sensitizers will reduce insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and subsequently serum AMH levels and will convert anovulatory cycles to ovulatory. Aim: To study the effect of insulin sensitizers on raised serum AMH levels in infertile women with PCOS. Settings and Design: This was a prospective interventional randomized single tertiary center study. Methodology: The study was conducted from August 2015 to April 2016. Infertile patients with PCOS as defined by the Rotterdam criteria with raised AMH (>5 ng/ml) levels were enrolled in the study under strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample size was 105 patients. Cycle regularity, day 2–antral follicle count (AFC), luteinizing hormone, AMH levels, modified Ferriman–Gallwey score (mFGS), and acne score were recorded before starting the intervention. Patients were randomized into three equal groups of 35 each. Group A received metformin alone, Group B metformin plus myoinositol, and Group C only myoinositol. After completion of 3 months of pretreatment, the same parameters were rechecked. Statistical Analysis Used: Univariate analysis and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 105 patients, 95 completed treatment and the rest 10 dropped out. There was a reduction in AMH in all groups of insulin sensitizers with significant fall in the metformin only group. Cycle regularity, reduction in AFC, mFGS, and grade of acne were also obtained. Conclusions: Therapy with insulin sensitizers in PCOS women with raised AMH reduces the AMH levels, converts irregular menstrual cycles to regular, and reduces clinical hyperandrogenism.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Frozen embryo replacement cycles are commonly performed in all ART centres for various indication... more Frozen embryo replacement cycles are commonly performed in all ART centres for various indications. In FER cycles, aim is to achieve the synchronization between the endometrium and the embryo. It can be undertaken in a natural or in an artificially prepared endometrium. Artificial preparation utilizes either the ovulation induction agents or hormones. Luteinized unruptured follicle is commonly encountered nowadays due to better resonance USG machines and frequent monitoring. It is still unclear among the practitioners whether to perform an embryo transfer in LUF. In this case report, authors are highlighting that in case of FER cycles using ovulation induction agent, despite inability to ovulate (LUF), if authors are able to achieve optimum synchronization between endometrium and the embryo using USG and serum hormonal levels, successful outcome could be expected.
Fertility Science and Research
Sonia Malik, Sohani Verma, Kuldeep Jain, Pankaj Talwar, Bharati Dhorepatil, Gouri Devi, Umesh Jin... more Sonia Malik, Sohani Verma, Kuldeep Jain, Pankaj Talwar, Bharati Dhorepatil, Gouri Devi, Umesh Jindal, Sudha Prasad, Kanad Dev Nayar, Neena Malhotra, Neeta Singh, Geeta Radhakrishnan, Rashmi Sharma, Leena Wadhwa, Nomita Chandhiok, Gita Khanna, Sushma Sinha, Pondicherry Marudachalam Gopinath Past president, Indian Fertility Society, FS Secretariat, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, MAMC, Lok Nayak Hospital, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, New Delhi-110002 PCOS Working GroupIndian Fertility Society, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, New Delhi-110002, India
Fertility Science and Research, 2015
Despite the tremendous advancements made, absolute uterine factor infertility (absence of the ute... more Despite the tremendous advancements made, absolute uterine factor infertility (absence of the uterus or the presence of a nonfunctional uterus) is one of the few spheres where still there is a lot of scope for research and growth. One option for this group of patients is a uterine transplant. Uterine transplant is a type of an ephemeral/quality of life-enhancing transplant. This article reviews the beginning, research in animals, application in humans, donor and recipient selection, technical details, and fi nally the ethical aspects of its application in the Indian context.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2016
Role of progesterone in reproductive medicine is evolving with its suggested clinical role for th... more Role of progesterone in reproductive medicine is evolving with its suggested clinical role for the hormonal and nonhormonal actions in reproductive medicine. The main function of progesterone is to induce 'secretory' changes in endometrium that is further complimented by its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. It positively modulates PIBF, NK cells and HOXA 10 genes for better implantation. MHRA recommends Serum Progesterone levels ≥14ng/ml in the mid-luteal phase for supporting pregnancy adequately. Oral Natural Micronized Progesterone SR formulation represents a therapeutic advance in this direction offering 'therapeutic compliance' with oral formulation while avoiding the local side effects related to long-term patient compliance in reproductive disorders. The formulation offers round the clock efficiency and efficacy with single dose administration thereby improving patient convenience and compliance. This formulation has been marketed globally since ...
Gynecological Endoscopy and Infertility, 2005
Step by Step Vaginal Delivery, 2008
Fertility and Sterility, 2013
Textbook of Gynecology, 2011
Clinical Practice Guidelines on Menopause, 2015
Indian Journal of Public Health Research Development, 2011
Since ancient times, unethical athletes have attempted to gain an unfair competitive advantage th... more Since ancient times, unethical athletes have attempted to gain an unfair competitive advantage through the use of doping substances. Doping with endocrine drugs is quite prevalent in amateur and professional athletes. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ...
The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 2021
The physical characteristics which are known to affect the ovarian reserve are age, body mass ind... more The physical characteristics which are known to affect the ovarian reserve are age, body mass index (BMI), occupational exposures, age at menarche and menstrual cycle length. A correlation between different physical characteristics and the ovarian reserve will help to identify areas which need to be tackled to increase the chances of fertility of women in India. In this retrospective, observational study, namely the MOTHER Study, data of women between 18 and 45 years of age, attending the selected fertility centers across different states in India were taken for evaluation. Demographic information along with information on factors potentially related to fertility like age of menarche, menstrual cycle length and occupational factors were collected by review of medical records at screening visit. Most recent AMH assay and antral follicle count (AFC) where the subject has not taken any contraceptives 12 months prior to the test were collected. Age of woman, years of marriage, years of infertility and smoking have shown effect on ovarian reserve testing like AMH and AFC. The other physical characteristics which were evaluated and considered to affect the ovarian reserve like body mass index BMI, occupational exposures, age at menarche and menstrual cycle length have not shown statistically significant correlation. Age of woman and years of infertility are inversely proportional to ovarian reserve markers, namely AMH and AFC. Addictions like smoking and alcohol affect ovarian reserve.
Fertility Science and Research
Introduction: Semen analysis is the gold standard for determining male partner fertility but it d... more Introduction: Semen analysis is the gold standard for determining male partner fertility but it does not provide any information about the genetic make-up of the sperm, which is essential for normal embryo development. High sperm DNA fragmentation is also found in men with normal semen parameters. Sperm with high DNA damage leads to nuclear instability in the embryo, resulting in developmental arrest, implantation failure, higher miscarriage rate, genetic mutations causing abnormalities in the offspring and increased susceptibility to childhood cancers. European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE 2017) guidelines recommend sperm DNA fragmentation testing for men whose partners experience recurrent pregnancy loss. In 25th annual meeting of ESHRE it was discussed that daily sex helps to reduce sperm DNA damage and improve fertility. The basis for this is that daily ejaculations reduce the exposure of sperms to reactive oxygen species in testicular ducts and epididymis; hence less DNA damage and improvement in DNA fragmentation index. Extrapolating this, it is hypothesized that a reduction in DFI will be observed when analysing semen obtained after daily ejaculation for four days. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of daily ejaculation for four consecutive days in improving the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Materials and Methods: Out of 170 semen samples, 65 patients had DFI of > 30% in a routine workup of male factor in an infertile couple and were recruited. Of these 56 opted for participating in this study. The initial semen sample was collected after an abstinence of 2-3 days. These patients were then asked to ejaculate daily for four consecutive days. During this period, no medication or any lifestyle modification was advised to these patients. Repeat semen sample was then collected on fifth day and DNA fragmentation index was calculated using the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.52 years (range 29–50 years). The Indications for raised DFI were: age > 35 years (41%), BMI >25 (30.35%), defective spermatogenesis (31%), diabetes (5.35%), varicocoele (5.35%), smoking (32.14%). The mean DFI in the initial sample was 57.36 ± 17.54 and the mean DFI in the repeat sample was 32.33 ± 21.62. The reduction in the DFI was statistically significant with a P-value of
Manual of Clinical Dilemma in Mature Women
US Endocrinology
<p />
The World Journal of Men's Health
Despite advances in the field of male reproductive health, idiopathic male infertility, in which ... more Despite advances in the field of male reproductive health, idiopathic male infertility, in which a man has altered semen characteristics without an identifiable cause and there is no female factor infertility, remains a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) plays an independent role in the etiology of male infertility, with 30% to 80% of infertile men having elevated seminal reactive oxygen species levels. OS can negatively affect fertility via a number of pathways, including interference with capacitation and possible damage to sperm membrane and DNA, which may impair the sperm's potential to fertilize an egg and develop into a healthy embryo. Adequate evaluation of male reproductive potential should therefore include an assessment of sperm OS. We propose the term Male Oxidative Stress Infertility, or MOSI, as a novel descriptor for infertile men with abnormal semen characteristics and OS, including many patients who were previously classified as having idiopathic male infertility. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) can be a useful clinical biomarker for the classification of MOSI, as it takes into account the levels of both oxidants and reductants (antioxidants). Current treatment protocols for OS, including the use of antioxidants, are not evidence-based and have the potential for complications and increased healthcare-related expenditures. Utilizing an easy, reproducible, and cost-effective
Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
Context: Increased circulating insulin levels contribute to hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovaria... more Context: Increased circulating insulin levels contribute to hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which causes a derangement in folliculogenesis, thus contributing to polycystic morphogenesis of the ovaries and a higher than normal anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). A high AMH is an indicator of either stubborn anovulation or a predictor of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Hence, it is postulated that the use of insulin sensitizers will reduce insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and subsequently serum AMH levels and will convert anovulatory cycles to ovulatory. Aim: To study the effect of insulin sensitizers on raised serum AMH levels in infertile women with PCOS. Settings and Design: This was a prospective interventional randomized single tertiary center study. Methodology: The study was conducted from August 2015 to April 2016. Infertile patients with PCOS as defined by the Rotterdam criteria with raised AMH (>5 ng/ml) levels were enrolled in the study under strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample size was 105 patients. Cycle regularity, day 2–antral follicle count (AFC), luteinizing hormone, AMH levels, modified Ferriman–Gallwey score (mFGS), and acne score were recorded before starting the intervention. Patients were randomized into three equal groups of 35 each. Group A received metformin alone, Group B metformin plus myoinositol, and Group C only myoinositol. After completion of 3 months of pretreatment, the same parameters were rechecked. Statistical Analysis Used: Univariate analysis and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 105 patients, 95 completed treatment and the rest 10 dropped out. There was a reduction in AMH in all groups of insulin sensitizers with significant fall in the metformin only group. Cycle regularity, reduction in AFC, mFGS, and grade of acne were also obtained. Conclusions: Therapy with insulin sensitizers in PCOS women with raised AMH reduces the AMH levels, converts irregular menstrual cycles to regular, and reduces clinical hyperandrogenism.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Frozen embryo replacement cycles are commonly performed in all ART centres for various indication... more Frozen embryo replacement cycles are commonly performed in all ART centres for various indications. In FER cycles, aim is to achieve the synchronization between the endometrium and the embryo. It can be undertaken in a natural or in an artificially prepared endometrium. Artificial preparation utilizes either the ovulation induction agents or hormones. Luteinized unruptured follicle is commonly encountered nowadays due to better resonance USG machines and frequent monitoring. It is still unclear among the practitioners whether to perform an embryo transfer in LUF. In this case report, authors are highlighting that in case of FER cycles using ovulation induction agent, despite inability to ovulate (LUF), if authors are able to achieve optimum synchronization between endometrium and the embryo using USG and serum hormonal levels, successful outcome could be expected.
Fertility Science and Research
Sonia Malik, Sohani Verma, Kuldeep Jain, Pankaj Talwar, Bharati Dhorepatil, Gouri Devi, Umesh Jin... more Sonia Malik, Sohani Verma, Kuldeep Jain, Pankaj Talwar, Bharati Dhorepatil, Gouri Devi, Umesh Jindal, Sudha Prasad, Kanad Dev Nayar, Neena Malhotra, Neeta Singh, Geeta Radhakrishnan, Rashmi Sharma, Leena Wadhwa, Nomita Chandhiok, Gita Khanna, Sushma Sinha, Pondicherry Marudachalam Gopinath Past president, Indian Fertility Society, FS Secretariat, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, MAMC, Lok Nayak Hospital, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, New Delhi-110002 PCOS Working GroupIndian Fertility Society, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, New Delhi-110002, India
Fertility Science and Research, 2015
Despite the tremendous advancements made, absolute uterine factor infertility (absence of the ute... more Despite the tremendous advancements made, absolute uterine factor infertility (absence of the uterus or the presence of a nonfunctional uterus) is one of the few spheres where still there is a lot of scope for research and growth. One option for this group of patients is a uterine transplant. Uterine transplant is a type of an ephemeral/quality of life-enhancing transplant. This article reviews the beginning, research in animals, application in humans, donor and recipient selection, technical details, and fi nally the ethical aspects of its application in the Indian context.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2016
Role of progesterone in reproductive medicine is evolving with its suggested clinical role for th... more Role of progesterone in reproductive medicine is evolving with its suggested clinical role for the hormonal and nonhormonal actions in reproductive medicine. The main function of progesterone is to induce 'secretory' changes in endometrium that is further complimented by its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. It positively modulates PIBF, NK cells and HOXA 10 genes for better implantation. MHRA recommends Serum Progesterone levels ≥14ng/ml in the mid-luteal phase for supporting pregnancy adequately. Oral Natural Micronized Progesterone SR formulation represents a therapeutic advance in this direction offering 'therapeutic compliance' with oral formulation while avoiding the local side effects related to long-term patient compliance in reproductive disorders. The formulation offers round the clock efficiency and efficacy with single dose administration thereby improving patient convenience and compliance. This formulation has been marketed globally since ...
Gynecological Endoscopy and Infertility, 2005
Step by Step Vaginal Delivery, 2008
Fertility and Sterility, 2013
Textbook of Gynecology, 2011
Clinical Practice Guidelines on Menopause, 2015
Indian Journal of Public Health Research Development, 2011
Since ancient times, unethical athletes have attempted to gain an unfair competitive advantage th... more Since ancient times, unethical athletes have attempted to gain an unfair competitive advantage through the use of doping substances. Doping with endocrine drugs is quite prevalent in amateur and professional athletes. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ...