Sonia Saraswat - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sonia Saraswat

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances, 2012

Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, Mar 1, 2014

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in sperm motility. The physiological genera... more Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in sperm motility. The physiological generation at low concentration induces beneficial effects on sperm functions and plays a significant role in sperm metabolism. Meanwhile, the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species can overwhelm protective mechanism and triggers changes in lipid and protein layers of sperm plasma membrane, which induces lipid damage, protein damage, DNA damage, motility impairment and alteration in capacitation and acrosome reaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be measured by variable biomarkers as melondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, individual free radicals, etc. The quantification of free radicals in livestock semen is also briefly reported.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances, 2012

Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 2012

The effects of different levels of three antioxidants viz., reduced glutathione (3, 5, 7 and 9 mM... more The effects of different levels of three antioxidants viz., reduced glutathione (3, 5, 7 and 9 mM), ascorbic acid (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10mM), a-tocopherol (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 mM) were evaluated individually on initial, post-equilibration and post-thaw progressive motility in Sirohi buck semen. Ten ejaculates having the volume ≥ 0.5 ml, mass motility ≥ +3.0 and the initial progressive motility ≥ 60.00% were processed for freezing for each antioxidant fortification. The addition of all three additives improved the mean per cent initial, post-equilibration and post-thaw progressive motility of spermatozoa. The-post thaw progressive motility for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mM concentration of reduced glutathione was recorded as 26.50, 24.90, 28.50, 32.00 and 28.80%, respectively. Similarly, the post-thaw progressive motility on addition of ascorbic acid at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 mM level was 23.60, 25.00, 26.60, 30.40, 37.00 and 36.90%, respectively. The post-thaw progressive motility at 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 mM level of a-tocopherol was 23.10, 26.20, 26.70, 32.00, 37.00 and 26.70%, respectively. The results indicated that individual antioxidant levels of 7 mM reduced glutathione, 9 mM ascorbic acid and 4.5 mM atocopherol showed higher post-thaw progressive motility of Sirohi buck semen compared to other levels studied.

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Animal, Apr 1, 2021

Two types of rat pituitary tumour cells secreting both prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) we... more Two types of rat pituitary tumour cells secreting both prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) were cultured in vitro either on plastic dishes or on surfaces coated with an extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from bovine corneal endothelium. The presence of ECM caused an increase in Prl but a decrease in GH. On one cell line the Prl response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) was increased by ECM. There was an increase in the rate of spread of the cultures, an increase in cell protein, and DNA synthesis and a change in cell morphology when ECM was used. It is suggested that these observations can be explained by a sensitizing action of ECM to growth factors present in serum.

Reproduction in Domestic Animals, Sep 21, 2016

During the last decades, physiological effects of oestrogens have been increasingly explored by s... more During the last decades, physiological effects of oestrogens have been increasingly explored by scientists and biotechnologists. Estrogens exert a wide range of effects on a large variety of cell types. Oestrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Estrogen receptor alpha is a nuclear receptor activated by the hormone oestrogen. In male, ERα is encoded by the gene estrogen receptor gene 1 (ESR1), responsible for better fertility. The ESR1 is involved in the reabsorption of luminal fluid during the transit of spermatozoa from the testis to the head of the epididymis which is important for their survival and maturation during epididymal storage. The absence of ESR1 leads to reduced epididymal sperm content, reduced sperm motility and fertilizing ability. Therefore, this is a good startby to study the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene in high-fertile (G1) and low-fertile (G2) bucks of Jamunapari and Barbari breeds identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the tissues by TRIzol method. The identification and expression pattern of caprine ESR1 gene was analysed by real-time PCR (Roche LC-480). Our work shows that the relative quantification by RT-PCR indicates more fold in head of epididymis as compared to spleen of caprine ESR1 gene. Furthermore, the RT-PCR indicated that fertile bucks of Jamunapari breed have more fold value as compared to Barbari breed in respect of reproductive organ.

Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 2015

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different equilibration periods on the postthaw... more A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different equilibration periods on the postthaw seminal traits of buck semen collected at weekly intervals from the adult Jamunapari bucks (2–3 years old), maintained under intensive system of management at Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom. A total of 17 ejaculates were processed for freezing having the volume ≥ 1.0 ml and mass activity of +4.0 and above. The ejaculates were processed for conventional freezing in two step dilution to maintain the final dilution rate of 1: 10 having 6% glycerol and 10% egg yolk levels. The samples were kept for 4 h in cold handling cabinet and at each hour of equilibration period (1, 2, 3, 4 h), samples were packaged in 0.25 ml French mini straws and frozen in horizontal vapour freezing. Pre-freeze/equilibration progressive motility, live and total abnormal sperm count were done at the end of each h of equilibration period. Then samples were thawed at 40°C for 45 sec after 24 h of storage and the post-thaw progressive motility, live and total abnormal sperm count were carried out. The pre-freeze and post-thaw progressive motility at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h of equilibration periods were 83.24±1.05 and 30.59±2.42, 81.76±0.85 and 31.47±1.76, 74.71±1.39 and 33.24±2.10, 70.59±1.28 and 28.82±1.99%, respectively. The respective values for live sperm count were 88.44±1.21 and 46.02±2.83, 80.85±5.36 and 41.95±1.56, 81.90±2.06 and 43.57±3.53, 80.37±2.32 and 41.01±3.02%. The total abnormal sperm ranged from 0.91 to1.74% before freezing and 2.18 to 2.84% after freezing at different hours of equilibration periods. The pre-freeze progressive motility up to 2 h of equilibration period varied significantly (P<0.05) with 3 and 4 h of equilibration periods. The remaining characteristics did not show any significant variation between different hours of equilibration periods. Therefore, equilibration period of 3 h may be followed in the freezing protocol used for buck semen cryopreservation as equilibration period of 2 or 3 h showed superiority over 1 or 4 h in terms of post-thaw spermatozoan characteristics in frozen-thawed Jamunapari buck semen.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013

The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of cryopreservation on the morphology, matura... more The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of cryopreservation on the morphology, maturation rate and developmental capacity of immature prepubertal goat oocytes subjected to vitrification and slow freezing method. The proportion of immature oocytes recovered in a morphologically normal state was significantly higher for control than those for vitrification and slow freezing method. Following in-vitro maturation, the nuclear maturation rate was significantly higher for control (29.70%) than those for vitrified (9.80%) and slow freezing (18.18%) method. The percentage of normal in vitro matured oocytes following thawing in vitrification and slow freezing groups were 53.73% and 80.00%, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the cleavage rate 48 h post insemination, among vitrification, slow freezing and control were 2.0, 5.80 and 13.58%, respectively. The results indicated that the cleavage rates of oocytes in vitrification and slow freezing method did not differ significantly but differ signitificantly (P<0.05) with control groups.

International journal of physical education, sports and health, 2019

Transfusion Medicine, 1995

SUMMARY. A study was carried out on 1,028 voluntary blood donors to see how body mass index (BMI)... more SUMMARY. A study was carried out on 1,028 voluntary blood donors to see how body mass index (BMI) correlated with the serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity. The mean ALT (U/1) values were 19.35, 27.63, 40.79 and 54.41 in the four BMI categories of ≤20, 20.1–25, 25.1–30 and >30, respectively. This study showed that the mean serum ALT level of obese subjects (BMI > 30kg/m2), compared with the two categories of normal subjects (i.e. BMI ≤ 20 and BMI = 20.1–25 kg/m2), was increased by 2.8 and 1.96 times, respectively. Compared with the BMI group ≤ 20, there was a gradual per cent increase in the mean serum ALT in the three different BMI groups: 20.1–25 (+133%), 25.1–30 (+196%) and >30 kg/m2 (+280%). This indicates the need to correct ALT values for BMI for blood donor screening, instead of using actual ALT values.

The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2021

Background. Many people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2... more Background. Many people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) never develop substantial symptoms. With more than 34 million people in the United States already infected and highly transmissible variants rapidly emerging, it is highly probable that post-and presymptomatic people will form an important fraction of those seeking dental care. Salivary carriage rates in these populations are not known. Moreover, although preventing transmission is critical for controlling spread, the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing oral viral load is poorly studied. Methods. The authors recruited 201 asymptomatic, presymptomatic, postsymptomatic, and symptomatic people and measured copy numbers of SARS-CoV-2 in unstimulated saliva using realtime reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the authors inducted 41 symptomatic people into a randomized, triple-blinded study and instructed them to rinse with saline, 1% hydrogen peroxide, 0.12% chlorhexidine, or 0.5% povidone-iodine for 60 seconds. The authors measured viral load 15 and 45 minutes after rinsing. Results. Salivary SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 23% of asymptomatic, 60% of postsymptomatic, and 28% of presymptomatic participants. Neither carriage rate nor viral load correlated with COVID-19 symptomatology, age, sex, or race or ethnicity. All 4 mouthrinses decreased viral load by 61% through 89% at 15 minutes and by 70% through 97% at 45 minutes. The extent of reduction correlated significantly with initial viral load. Conclusions. Nonsymptomatic people can pose a risk of transmitting the virus, and mouthrinses are simple and efficacious means of reducing this risk, especially when the load is less than 10 4 copies per milliliter. Practical Implications. At a time when resources are stretched, the findings of this study contribute to evidence-based selection of personal protection equipment and simple infectioncontrol practices to reduce contagion at source. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT04603794.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Sep 10, 2020

Iranian journal of veterinary research, 2016

The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene (E... more The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) in Barbari bucks (fertile and non-fertile) identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the spleen by Trizol method. The expression pattern of ESR1 gene was analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression pattern of ESR1 gene was analyzed by RT-PCR (Roche LC-480). Relative quantification by RT-PCR indicated that the ESR1 gene expression showed more fold in fertile bucks as compared to non-fertile.

Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2016

The mammalian testis is a complex organ that serves two important functions, synthesis of steroid... more The mammalian testis is a complex organ that serves two important functions, synthesis of steroids, with significant amount of estrogenic hormones produced and production of spermatozoa. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in cells of the testis as well as the epididymal epithelium. We have demonstrated that estrogen receptor expression is higher in reproductive tissues as compared to non-reproductive tissues. In addition to this, western blot analysis showed a signal for estrogen receptor.

Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research, 2018

Mammalian sperm contains an array of RNAs including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs... more Mammalian sperm contains an array of RNAs including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and small RNAs (sRNAs), largely representing remnant transcripts produced during spermatogenesis. Increasing evidence has indicated that ncRNAs, which control gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels, play critical roles in male germ cell development. Sperm transcribe their RNA,RNAs have different role, high fertile buck have more RNA yield /spermatozoon vs low fertile buck, transcripts such as miR-34c, BMP2, TRADD influence semen quality and fertility.

Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine

Objective: Buck reproductive health is the key for breeding and production of quality semen. To a... more Objective: Buck reproductive health is the key for breeding and production of quality semen. To assess the health of breeding bucks, in this study, we detected the presence of Staphylococcus spp in semen. Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and is also a cause of many diseases in animals. Besides this, it can also deteriorate the semen quality. Materials and Methods: In this study, we collected 48 semen ejaculates from healthy bucks of three breeds, namely, Jamunapari, Barbari, and Jakhrana to assess the presence of Staphylococcus spp. Besides bacteriological study, the semen was also assessed for semen quality parameters in infected as well as in non-infected semen samples. Results and Conclusion: The semen quality was significantly deteriorated with Staphylococcus infection. The bacterial infection was initially confirmed as Staphylococcus spp. based on the Gram’s staining and growth on Mannitol salt agar. Based on this preliminary bac...

The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 5% and 21% oxygen concentrations on chimeric e... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 5% and 21% oxygen concentrations on chimeric embryo development. Inner cell mass (ICM) from parthenogenetic activated blastocyst were used to produce ES cell-like cells. A pair of zona-free tetraploid embryos and one clump of pESCs at passage 2 and 3 were aggregated on granulosa monolayer in such a manner that the clump of pESCs was sandwiched between the tetraploid embryos. The aggregates prepared were randomly divided into two groups viz. Group 1 (21% O2) (n=54) and Group 2 (5% O2) (n=50) followed by culture in humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 38.5°C in a CO2 incubator. Aggregation rate and embryo quality was similar in both the groups. The percentage of aggregation, 8-16 cell, morula and blastocyst Group 1 (21% O2) was 91.66±4.04%, 49.07±5.08%, 25.92±6.05% and 16.66±4.95%, respectively while the percentage of aggregation, 8-16 cell, morula and blastocyst Group 2 (5% O2) was 96.59±2.83%, 51.89±9.14%, 16.28±5.52% and 28.40±8.10%,...

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances, 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of addition of various antioxidants at differe... more The aim of this study was to determine the effects of addition of various antioxidants at different levels, viz. glutathione reduced, glutathione oxidized, vitamin C and vitamin E to the extender on sperm viability, acrosomal integrity and hypo-osmotic swelling response during storage of semen at refrigeration temperature (40 C) till 96 hours of storage. Ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina and evaluated microscopically at 370C. The semen samples were diluted in a Tris based extender containing glutathione reduced (3,5,7 or 7mM), glutathione oxidized (3,5 or 7mM),vitamin C (3,5 or 7mM) or vitamin E (1.5,2.5,3.5 or 4.5mM) and Control. Analysis of data using ANOVA test revealed that sperm motility differed significantly (P

Antioxidants partially ameliorated the negative effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced... more Antioxidants partially ameliorated the negative effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during cryopreservation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the quality of frozen-thawed buck spermatozoa. Ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina from 8 bucks and microscopically evaluated at 37 0 C. The semen samples were diluted in a Tris–based extender including glutathione reduced (7mM), ascorbic (9mM), vitamin E (4.5 mM) and ...

Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2020

Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Estrogen recept... more Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a nuclear receptor activated by the hormone oestrogen. In male ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (estrogen receptor1) responsible for better fertility. ESR1 is involved in the reabsorption of luminal fluid during the transit of spermatozoa from the testis to the head of the epididymis which is important for their survival and maturation during epididymal storage. The absence of ESR1 leads to reduced epididymal sperm content, reduced sperm motility and fertilizing ability. The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression and presence of ESR1 gene in fertile and low fertile male goat breeds. We identified ESR1 gene through various molecular tools. Genotyping was carried out by high resonance melting analysis using Roche Light Cycler 480(LC-480) system and found three different genotypes. Genotypic frequency-AA (blue-0.67), BB(Red-0.2), AB(Green-0.08) with allele frequency A(0.71 and B (0.29). The predominance of this gene in head of epididymis in fertile bucks was confirmed by SDS PAGE, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. From the results we corroborated that the present study provides a useful and effective way to predict male fertility in goat breeds, which in turn increases the percentage of fertility in flock leading to more number of offspring in a kidding season.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances, 2012

Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, Mar 1, 2014

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in sperm motility. The physiological genera... more Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in sperm motility. The physiological generation at low concentration induces beneficial effects on sperm functions and plays a significant role in sperm metabolism. Meanwhile, the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species can overwhelm protective mechanism and triggers changes in lipid and protein layers of sperm plasma membrane, which induces lipid damage, protein damage, DNA damage, motility impairment and alteration in capacitation and acrosome reaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be measured by variable biomarkers as melondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, individual free radicals, etc. The quantification of free radicals in livestock semen is also briefly reported.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances, 2012

Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 2012

The effects of different levels of three antioxidants viz., reduced glutathione (3, 5, 7 and 9 mM... more The effects of different levels of three antioxidants viz., reduced glutathione (3, 5, 7 and 9 mM), ascorbic acid (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10mM), a-tocopherol (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 mM) were evaluated individually on initial, post-equilibration and post-thaw progressive motility in Sirohi buck semen. Ten ejaculates having the volume ≥ 0.5 ml, mass motility ≥ +3.0 and the initial progressive motility ≥ 60.00% were processed for freezing for each antioxidant fortification. The addition of all three additives improved the mean per cent initial, post-equilibration and post-thaw progressive motility of spermatozoa. The-post thaw progressive motility for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mM concentration of reduced glutathione was recorded as 26.50, 24.90, 28.50, 32.00 and 28.80%, respectively. Similarly, the post-thaw progressive motility on addition of ascorbic acid at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 mM level was 23.60, 25.00, 26.60, 30.40, 37.00 and 36.90%, respectively. The post-thaw progressive motility at 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 mM level of a-tocopherol was 23.10, 26.20, 26.70, 32.00, 37.00 and 26.70%, respectively. The results indicated that individual antioxidant levels of 7 mM reduced glutathione, 9 mM ascorbic acid and 4.5 mM atocopherol showed higher post-thaw progressive motility of Sirohi buck semen compared to other levels studied.

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Animal, Apr 1, 2021

Two types of rat pituitary tumour cells secreting both prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) we... more Two types of rat pituitary tumour cells secreting both prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) were cultured in vitro either on plastic dishes or on surfaces coated with an extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from bovine corneal endothelium. The presence of ECM caused an increase in Prl but a decrease in GH. On one cell line the Prl response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) was increased by ECM. There was an increase in the rate of spread of the cultures, an increase in cell protein, and DNA synthesis and a change in cell morphology when ECM was used. It is suggested that these observations can be explained by a sensitizing action of ECM to growth factors present in serum.

Reproduction in Domestic Animals, Sep 21, 2016

During the last decades, physiological effects of oestrogens have been increasingly explored by s... more During the last decades, physiological effects of oestrogens have been increasingly explored by scientists and biotechnologists. Estrogens exert a wide range of effects on a large variety of cell types. Oestrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Estrogen receptor alpha is a nuclear receptor activated by the hormone oestrogen. In male, ERα is encoded by the gene estrogen receptor gene 1 (ESR1), responsible for better fertility. The ESR1 is involved in the reabsorption of luminal fluid during the transit of spermatozoa from the testis to the head of the epididymis which is important for their survival and maturation during epididymal storage. The absence of ESR1 leads to reduced epididymal sperm content, reduced sperm motility and fertilizing ability. Therefore, this is a good startby to study the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene in high-fertile (G1) and low-fertile (G2) bucks of Jamunapari and Barbari breeds identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the tissues by TRIzol method. The identification and expression pattern of caprine ESR1 gene was analysed by real-time PCR (Roche LC-480). Our work shows that the relative quantification by RT-PCR indicates more fold in head of epididymis as compared to spleen of caprine ESR1 gene. Furthermore, the RT-PCR indicated that fertile bucks of Jamunapari breed have more fold value as compared to Barbari breed in respect of reproductive organ.

Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 2015

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different equilibration periods on the postthaw... more A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different equilibration periods on the postthaw seminal traits of buck semen collected at weekly intervals from the adult Jamunapari bucks (2–3 years old), maintained under intensive system of management at Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom. A total of 17 ejaculates were processed for freezing having the volume ≥ 1.0 ml and mass activity of +4.0 and above. The ejaculates were processed for conventional freezing in two step dilution to maintain the final dilution rate of 1: 10 having 6% glycerol and 10% egg yolk levels. The samples were kept for 4 h in cold handling cabinet and at each hour of equilibration period (1, 2, 3, 4 h), samples were packaged in 0.25 ml French mini straws and frozen in horizontal vapour freezing. Pre-freeze/equilibration progressive motility, live and total abnormal sperm count were done at the end of each h of equilibration period. Then samples were thawed at 40°C for 45 sec after 24 h of storage and the post-thaw progressive motility, live and total abnormal sperm count were carried out. The pre-freeze and post-thaw progressive motility at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h of equilibration periods were 83.24±1.05 and 30.59±2.42, 81.76±0.85 and 31.47±1.76, 74.71±1.39 and 33.24±2.10, 70.59±1.28 and 28.82±1.99%, respectively. The respective values for live sperm count were 88.44±1.21 and 46.02±2.83, 80.85±5.36 and 41.95±1.56, 81.90±2.06 and 43.57±3.53, 80.37±2.32 and 41.01±3.02%. The total abnormal sperm ranged from 0.91 to1.74% before freezing and 2.18 to 2.84% after freezing at different hours of equilibration periods. The pre-freeze progressive motility up to 2 h of equilibration period varied significantly (P<0.05) with 3 and 4 h of equilibration periods. The remaining characteristics did not show any significant variation between different hours of equilibration periods. Therefore, equilibration period of 3 h may be followed in the freezing protocol used for buck semen cryopreservation as equilibration period of 2 or 3 h showed superiority over 1 or 4 h in terms of post-thaw spermatozoan characteristics in frozen-thawed Jamunapari buck semen.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013

The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of cryopreservation on the morphology, matura... more The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of cryopreservation on the morphology, maturation rate and developmental capacity of immature prepubertal goat oocytes subjected to vitrification and slow freezing method. The proportion of immature oocytes recovered in a morphologically normal state was significantly higher for control than those for vitrification and slow freezing method. Following in-vitro maturation, the nuclear maturation rate was significantly higher for control (29.70%) than those for vitrified (9.80%) and slow freezing (18.18%) method. The percentage of normal in vitro matured oocytes following thawing in vitrification and slow freezing groups were 53.73% and 80.00%, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the cleavage rate 48 h post insemination, among vitrification, slow freezing and control were 2.0, 5.80 and 13.58%, respectively. The results indicated that the cleavage rates of oocytes in vitrification and slow freezing method did not differ significantly but differ signitificantly (P<0.05) with control groups.

International journal of physical education, sports and health, 2019

Transfusion Medicine, 1995

SUMMARY. A study was carried out on 1,028 voluntary blood donors to see how body mass index (BMI)... more SUMMARY. A study was carried out on 1,028 voluntary blood donors to see how body mass index (BMI) correlated with the serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity. The mean ALT (U/1) values were 19.35, 27.63, 40.79 and 54.41 in the four BMI categories of ≤20, 20.1–25, 25.1–30 and >30, respectively. This study showed that the mean serum ALT level of obese subjects (BMI > 30kg/m2), compared with the two categories of normal subjects (i.e. BMI ≤ 20 and BMI = 20.1–25 kg/m2), was increased by 2.8 and 1.96 times, respectively. Compared with the BMI group ≤ 20, there was a gradual per cent increase in the mean serum ALT in the three different BMI groups: 20.1–25 (+133%), 25.1–30 (+196%) and >30 kg/m2 (+280%). This indicates the need to correct ALT values for BMI for blood donor screening, instead of using actual ALT values.

The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2021

Background. Many people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2... more Background. Many people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) never develop substantial symptoms. With more than 34 million people in the United States already infected and highly transmissible variants rapidly emerging, it is highly probable that post-and presymptomatic people will form an important fraction of those seeking dental care. Salivary carriage rates in these populations are not known. Moreover, although preventing transmission is critical for controlling spread, the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing oral viral load is poorly studied. Methods. The authors recruited 201 asymptomatic, presymptomatic, postsymptomatic, and symptomatic people and measured copy numbers of SARS-CoV-2 in unstimulated saliva using realtime reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the authors inducted 41 symptomatic people into a randomized, triple-blinded study and instructed them to rinse with saline, 1% hydrogen peroxide, 0.12% chlorhexidine, or 0.5% povidone-iodine for 60 seconds. The authors measured viral load 15 and 45 minutes after rinsing. Results. Salivary SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 23% of asymptomatic, 60% of postsymptomatic, and 28% of presymptomatic participants. Neither carriage rate nor viral load correlated with COVID-19 symptomatology, age, sex, or race or ethnicity. All 4 mouthrinses decreased viral load by 61% through 89% at 15 minutes and by 70% through 97% at 45 minutes. The extent of reduction correlated significantly with initial viral load. Conclusions. Nonsymptomatic people can pose a risk of transmitting the virus, and mouthrinses are simple and efficacious means of reducing this risk, especially when the load is less than 10 4 copies per milliliter. Practical Implications. At a time when resources are stretched, the findings of this study contribute to evidence-based selection of personal protection equipment and simple infectioncontrol practices to reduce contagion at source. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT04603794.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Sep 10, 2020

Iranian journal of veterinary research, 2016

The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene (E... more The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) in Barbari bucks (fertile and non-fertile) identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the spleen by Trizol method. The expression pattern of ESR1 gene was analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression pattern of ESR1 gene was analyzed by RT-PCR (Roche LC-480). Relative quantification by RT-PCR indicated that the ESR1 gene expression showed more fold in fertile bucks as compared to non-fertile.

Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2016

The mammalian testis is a complex organ that serves two important functions, synthesis of steroid... more The mammalian testis is a complex organ that serves two important functions, synthesis of steroids, with significant amount of estrogenic hormones produced and production of spermatozoa. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in cells of the testis as well as the epididymal epithelium. We have demonstrated that estrogen receptor expression is higher in reproductive tissues as compared to non-reproductive tissues. In addition to this, western blot analysis showed a signal for estrogen receptor.

Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research, 2018

Mammalian sperm contains an array of RNAs including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs... more Mammalian sperm contains an array of RNAs including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and small RNAs (sRNAs), largely representing remnant transcripts produced during spermatogenesis. Increasing evidence has indicated that ncRNAs, which control gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels, play critical roles in male germ cell development. Sperm transcribe their RNA,RNAs have different role, high fertile buck have more RNA yield /spermatozoon vs low fertile buck, transcripts such as miR-34c, BMP2, TRADD influence semen quality and fertility.

Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine

Objective: Buck reproductive health is the key for breeding and production of quality semen. To a... more Objective: Buck reproductive health is the key for breeding and production of quality semen. To assess the health of breeding bucks, in this study, we detected the presence of Staphylococcus spp in semen. Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and is also a cause of many diseases in animals. Besides this, it can also deteriorate the semen quality. Materials and Methods: In this study, we collected 48 semen ejaculates from healthy bucks of three breeds, namely, Jamunapari, Barbari, and Jakhrana to assess the presence of Staphylococcus spp. Besides bacteriological study, the semen was also assessed for semen quality parameters in infected as well as in non-infected semen samples. Results and Conclusion: The semen quality was significantly deteriorated with Staphylococcus infection. The bacterial infection was initially confirmed as Staphylococcus spp. based on the Gram’s staining and growth on Mannitol salt agar. Based on this preliminary bac...

The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 5% and 21% oxygen concentrations on chimeric e... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 5% and 21% oxygen concentrations on chimeric embryo development. Inner cell mass (ICM) from parthenogenetic activated blastocyst were used to produce ES cell-like cells. A pair of zona-free tetraploid embryos and one clump of pESCs at passage 2 and 3 were aggregated on granulosa monolayer in such a manner that the clump of pESCs was sandwiched between the tetraploid embryos. The aggregates prepared were randomly divided into two groups viz. Group 1 (21% O2) (n=54) and Group 2 (5% O2) (n=50) followed by culture in humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 38.5°C in a CO2 incubator. Aggregation rate and embryo quality was similar in both the groups. The percentage of aggregation, 8-16 cell, morula and blastocyst Group 1 (21% O2) was 91.66±4.04%, 49.07±5.08%, 25.92±6.05% and 16.66±4.95%, respectively while the percentage of aggregation, 8-16 cell, morula and blastocyst Group 2 (5% O2) was 96.59±2.83%, 51.89±9.14%, 16.28±5.52% and 28.40±8.10%,...

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances, 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of addition of various antioxidants at differe... more The aim of this study was to determine the effects of addition of various antioxidants at different levels, viz. glutathione reduced, glutathione oxidized, vitamin C and vitamin E to the extender on sperm viability, acrosomal integrity and hypo-osmotic swelling response during storage of semen at refrigeration temperature (40 C) till 96 hours of storage. Ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina and evaluated microscopically at 370C. The semen samples were diluted in a Tris based extender containing glutathione reduced (3,5,7 or 7mM), glutathione oxidized (3,5 or 7mM),vitamin C (3,5 or 7mM) or vitamin E (1.5,2.5,3.5 or 4.5mM) and Control. Analysis of data using ANOVA test revealed that sperm motility differed significantly (P

Antioxidants partially ameliorated the negative effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced... more Antioxidants partially ameliorated the negative effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during cryopreservation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the quality of frozen-thawed buck spermatozoa. Ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina from 8 bucks and microscopically evaluated at 37 0 C. The semen samples were diluted in a Tris–based extender including glutathione reduced (7mM), ascorbic (9mM), vitamin E (4.5 mM) and ...

Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2020

Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Estrogen recept... more Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a nuclear receptor activated by the hormone oestrogen. In male ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (estrogen receptor1) responsible for better fertility. ESR1 is involved in the reabsorption of luminal fluid during the transit of spermatozoa from the testis to the head of the epididymis which is important for their survival and maturation during epididymal storage. The absence of ESR1 leads to reduced epididymal sperm content, reduced sperm motility and fertilizing ability. The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression and presence of ESR1 gene in fertile and low fertile male goat breeds. We identified ESR1 gene through various molecular tools. Genotyping was carried out by high resonance melting analysis using Roche Light Cycler 480(LC-480) system and found three different genotypes. Genotypic frequency-AA (blue-0.67), BB(Red-0.2), AB(Green-0.08) with allele frequency A(0.71 and B (0.29). The predominance of this gene in head of epididymis in fertile bucks was confirmed by SDS PAGE, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. From the results we corroborated that the present study provides a useful and effective way to predict male fertility in goat breeds, which in turn increases the percentage of fertility in flock leading to more number of offspring in a kidding season.