Sonika Sangra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sonika Sangra

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Nov 27, 2019

Background: Good hygiene practices are very much needed during menstrual period. Adolescent girls... more Background: Good hygiene practices are very much needed during menstrual period. Adolescent girls especially in rural areas often lack information about good menstrual hygienic practices. Cultural beliefs about menstruation like food taboos, not going to the religious places also have a negative impact on the adolescent girls in the rural areas. This study was undertaken with an aim to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of adolescent girls regarding menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent girls from 8 th to 12 th class, from 5 schools of zone Budhi; which is a field practice area of department of community medicine, GMC Kathua; by simple random sampling technique. Out of total 323 girls, 300 girls willing to participate in the study (convenience sampling) were included. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used. Results: A total of 300 adolescent girls were enrolled in the study. Majority of adolescent girls had fair to good knowledge and practice scores regarding menstruation, menstrual hygiene and its management but poor attitude scores due to some cultural taboos like restrictions in kitchen, religious places etc. Conclusions: Proper IEC activities need to be performed at school level and Anganwadi level to create awareness among adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene management so that they are able to make appropriate choices so that it enable them to lead a healthy life and prevent the girls from reproductive tract infections.

Impact on Kayakalp scores after undertaking of a primary health center by community medicine dept. of a medical college of J and K

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2023

Journal of Community Medicine & Public Health, 2021

Introduction: Provision of safe water and basic sanitation is becoming a challenge in rural areas... more Introduction: Provision of safe water and basic sanitation is becoming a challenge in rural areas which is adversely affecting the health of the people living in such areas. Objective: To assess the core indicators on Sanitation and drinking water from rural area of Kathua district. Methodology: The present study was conducted over a period of 2 months i.e., from November 2019 to December 2019 among rural population of households falling under jurisdiction of Rural Health Training Centre, Budhi. Information was collected from the head of the household as well as from other household members. Overall, 320 households were assessed using standardized study tool. Results: The study revealed that the 72% families were of joint type and most of the families were headed by Male (82%). Main source of drinking water was tube well/borehole. 59% of adult females usually went to fetch the water from source. 82.37% of the rural population used water for drinking from improved source but only 35.59% of the household members used adequate water treatment method i.e., boiling. About 70.95% of the household members used improved sanitation facilities and only 43.17% was the sanitary disposal of children feces. Conclusion: Sanitization and hygiene practices in rural population was reported satisfactory as compared to other studies but still needs public health intervention. Various programs focusing on sanitation and personal hygiene with direct involvement of community should be conducted to raise awareness.

Assessment of indicators on drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices from rural schools of Kathua

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2017

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an endocrine as well as a metabolic disorder. Obesity is ... more Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an endocrine as well as a metabolic disorder. Obesity is not only the most common cause of insulin resistance, but also a growing health concern in its own right. There are a number of conventional methods to assess obesity with neck circumference being a relatively newer method. Objective: The present study was aimed at evaluating the correlation of the neck circumference with other anthropometric parameters in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 100 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus to investigate the correlation of the neck circumference with BMI, WC, and W/H ratio. Results: Neck circumference (NC) has shown a strong positive correlation with BMI, in both male and female type-2 diabetics (r = 0.882 for men and r = 0.956 for women, p<0.0001 in both). In both genders very high values were obtained for the coefficient of determination (R 2 =0.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Anemia has been recognized as the most common form of nutritional deficiency worldwid... more Background: Anemia has been recognized as the most common form of nutritional deficiency worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. Anemia is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It affects 1.62 billion people globally, which corresponds to 24.8% of the world population. Though anemia is easily treatable and preventable disease, it continues to be significantly associated with pregnancy. The aims of the study were to determine the magnitude of anemia in pregnant women according to severity and to find out association of anemia with different variables.Methods: The present study was a retrospective type of study which was conducted over a period of 2 years. A total of 109 antenatal females were registered over the period of 2 years.Results: The most common age group seen was 26-30 years (45%), majority of females were Hindu (95.4%) and belonged to lower socio-economic status (52.3%). The obstetrics history of the antenatal females’ show...

Pattern of Tobacco consumption among urban slum population in Jammu region: A cross-sectional study

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2021

Introduction: Consumption of tobacco leads to a myriad of ill effects among the smokers as well a... more Introduction: Consumption of tobacco leads to a myriad of ill effects among the smokers as well as those in their proximity. The study related to tobacco consumption was conducted among individuals over 15 years of age, residing in urban slums. Objective: To assess the pattern of tobacco consumption in urban slum population, using WHO standardized questionnaire which is Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS); questions related to tobacco from the surveys, which are the subset of GATS 2nd Edition key questions. Materials and Methods: The present study was observational cross-sectional in nature which was conducted over a period of 6 months i.e., from September 2019 to February 2020 in urban slums of Trikuta Nagar, urban health training centre which is a field practice area of Postgraduate Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu. The information about the tobacco consumption was gathered by interview sessions after taking consent from all the participants. Totally, 718 individu...

Reporting of core and optional indicators of infant and young child feeding practices using standardized the WHO formats from a rural population of Jammu region

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2017

Background: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood are critical for the overall de... more Background: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood are critical for the overall development of a child. Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices have direct bearing on nutritional status of children under 2 years of age, thereby impacting child survival. Objectives: To assess and report core and optional indicators of IYCF practices using standardized the WHO formats from a representative sample of a rural community. Materials and Methods: The present study was observational descriptive cross sectional in nature, conducted over a period of 6 months w.e.f October 2013-April 2014 in Block RS Pura which is a rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine. Information from mothers of 300 children aged 0-23 months residing in eight randomly selected villages of Block RS Pura were interviewed in a house to house survey using standardized the WHO formats to assess core and optional indicators of IYCF practices. Results: Some core indicators reflected po...

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers regarding nutrition of under-five children: A cross-sectional study in rural settings

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2019

Background: Nutrition of the under-five children is of greatest importance because the foundation... more Background: Nutrition of the under-five children is of greatest importance because the foundation of our lifetime health, strength, intelligence, and vitality is laid during this period. Our country faces the burden of diseases in which nutritional deficiencies are the most common. The prevalence of underweight children in India is among the highest in the world. Knowledge of mothers has an important role in the maintenance of nutritional status of the children. For this mother has to be made more aware about feeding practices of children and other health-care practices. Objective: This study was undertaken with an aim to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of mothers regarding nutrition of under-five children and prevention of malnutrition. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 300 mothers with under-five children. A structured questionnaire based on KAP survey guidelines, previous studies, but relevant to local context ...

Effect of Intervention Program on Knowledge of Indian Medical Students About the Hand Hygiene

Indian journal of applied research, 2020

INTRODUCTION One of the measures of personal hygiene is hand hygiene which is important from many... more INTRODUCTION One of the measures of personal hygiene is hand hygiene which is important from many generations.1It prevents the transmission of micro-organisms and results in the reduction of cases of healthcare associated infections.2Despite of simplicity of hand hygiene recommendations, the compliance rate is still not upto mark. In developing countries, prevalence of hand hygiene associated infections is 19%.3Because of low compliance rate, continuous efforts being made to improve the strategies and also to identify it. So, the WHO introduced a new concept “My ve Moments for hand Hygiene” to address the problem. These moments helped in training as well as monitoring the hand hygiene practices.

Knowledge assessment of accredited social health activist and anganwadi workers about the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram in rural area of District Kathua

Background: The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) program is technically known as Child Hea... more Background: The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) program is technically known as Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services. The main purpose of the program is to detect and manage 4Ds which are prevalent in children. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge of ASHA workers as well as anganwadi workers about the RBSK in rural area of District Kathua using semi-structured questionnaire. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the zone Budhi which is a field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, GMC Kathua. The zone consists of 24 villages with 18 ASHA workers and 35 anganwadi workers and one mobile RBSK team available at Community Health Center, Parole. After obtaining ethical clearance, all the ASHA workers and anganwadi workers were included in the study as they were willing to participate. Results: The present study revealed that majority of the workers were between t...

The study was conducted with the objective to assess the awareness regarding hand hygiene among ... more The study was conducted with the objective to assess the awareness regarding hand hygiene among health care workers of Associated hospital of GMC Kathua. A cross sectional study was conducted at Associated hospital of GMC Kathua for two months from September to October 2019. Prior permission was taken from Institutional Ethical Committee. Primary data was collected by interviewing health workers of different designation from different sections. 50 % of the staff was selected randomly by lottery method. WHO Standardized questionnaires for hand hygiene was used as Study tools. Questionnaire1 comprised of the knowledge component among health care workers and the second questionnaire comprised of 5 questions from ‘My 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene ‘by WHO for assessing the knowledge and practice of Health Care workers during working hours. Data was entered in Microsoft excel. Descriptive statistical analysis was expressed in form of number and percentages. Total of 111 participants respo...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Leprosy is often referred to as the oldest disease known to man. Leprosy as a social ... more Background: Leprosy is often referred to as the oldest disease known to man. Leprosy as a social disease has been a major public health problem because of the social stigma and ignorance attached to it. India achieved elimination status for leprosy in 2005; however, the reported prevalence continues to be high in some of the states. Leprosy understood as God’s retribution, has been present since the colonial times. Stigma attached to leprosy is typically a social process, experienced or anticipated, characterized by exclusion, rejection, blame or devaluation that result from experience, perception or reasonable anticipation of an adverse social judgment about a person or group. Objective was to study the demographic and epidemiological features of leprosy in the post-elimination era.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from July 2019 to September 2019. Case records of newly diagnosed leprosy patients were included in the study. The secondary data was collected fr...

Reporting of the core indicators on drinking water and sanitation from urban slums of Jammu: A cross-sectional study

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Family planning services like use of modern contraceptives help the couples to delay ... more Background: Family planning services like use of modern contraceptives help the couples to delay pregnancy and avoid the unwanted pregnancies. So, understanding the choice of contraceptives for the underserved couples is a key for provision of family planning services. Objective was to assess the contraceptive use among married women of urban slums using semi-structured questionnaire.Methods: The present observational cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one month i.e. November 2019 in urban slums of Trikuta Nagar, which is a field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu. Information was gathered from married females of reproductive age group. 50% of the population was selected randomly by lottery method i.e. 90 females. But at the time of study, only 85 married females could be interviewed.Results: The results show that the maximum females belonged to the 15-25 years age group followed by 26-30 years age group. More than 50% were literate, 42.35...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Village health and nutrition days (VHNDs) are based on the principal of integration o... more Background: Village health and nutrition days (VHNDs) are based on the principal of integration of services like nutrition, sanitation, health provision using a holistic approach. Days are organized once per week in each Anganwadi centre. These services are provided free of cost to rural people. The objective of the study was to assess services rendered at VHND in rural area of Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, India.Methods: The present study was descriptive cross-sectional in type, conducted in zone Budhi which is a field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Kathua. The zone Budhi consists of one primary health centre along with its six subcentres. One auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) covered one VHND once a week. For a month, one ANM covered four VHNDs. So, out of 10 ANMs in Zone Budhi, 7 attended VHNDs with a maximum of 28 village health and nutrition days covered in a month.Results: All the ANMs made a micro-plan ahead of their visits and prepared a list of ben...

International Journal of Advanced Community Medicine

Introduction: Twentieth century heralded accelerated health transition which brought Non Communic... more Introduction: Twentieth century heralded accelerated health transition which brought Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) to the forefront of global public health challenges. Global trends suggest that these diseases to a large extent are associated with life styles like-unhealthy dietary intake, physical inactivity, tobacco use, high alcohol consumption and are on the rise Objectives: To assess the risk of Non Communicable Diseases among the community using Community Based Assessment Checklist. Methods: 266 patients over 30 years of age, presenting to OPD were assessed on their behaviour. Risk score on the risk factors like Age, Tobacco and Alcohol consumption, Physical inactivity, Waist measurement and Family history of NCDs were taken. Each risk factor has an allotted score from 0 to 2, a total score above 4 poses the individual at risk for developing NCDs. Results: 28% individuals had an average score above 4, 48% at 4 and 24 % had a score below 4. Conclusion: Populations having a higher level of score needs an urgent health intervention so that it ongoing burden of NCDs can be halted or controlled.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Measles is a highly contagious virus, spread by contact with an infected person throu... more Background: Measles is a highly contagious virus, spread by contact with an infected person through coughing and sneezing. Like measles, rubella can be prevented with a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine. This can be delivered as a rubella vaccine alone, or combined with measles vaccine (MR) or with measles and mumps vaccines (MMR). The objectives of the study were to analyze the barriers for acceptance of MR vaccination in the field area of New Type Primary Health Centre (NTPHC) Miran Sahib, one of the NTPHC of CHC R. S. Pura, field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu.Methods: A qualitative study which consisting of interviews of parents of children both vaccinated as well as unvaccinated as well as teachers and principals of children of various government and private schools, Female Multipurpose Health Worker (FMPHW)s, accredited social health activist (ASHA) workers and Anganwadi workers where the campaign was conducted was also interviewed.Results: ...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Good hygiene practices are very much needed during menstrual period. Adolescent girls... more Background: Good hygiene practices are very much needed during menstrual period. Adolescent girls especially in rural areas often lack information about good menstrual hygienic practices. Cultural beliefs about menstruation like food taboos, not going to the religious places also have a negative impact on the adolescent girls in the rural areas. This study was undertaken with an aim to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of adolescent girls regarding menstruation and menstrual hygiene.Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted among adolescent girls from 8th to 12th class, from 5 schools of zone Budhi; which is a field practice area of department of community medicine, GMC Kathua; by simple random sampling technique. Out of total 323 girls, 300 girls willing to participate in the study (convenience sampling) were included. A semi- structured self- administered questionnaire was used.Results: A total of 300 adolescent girls were enrolled in the study. Majority of a...

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Paediatric dry eye disease is a major health concern. VDT's like laptops, tablets and ... more BACKGROUND Paediatric dry eye disease is a major health concern. VDT's like laptops, tablets and smart phones are very commonly in use in children. Our study was done to evaluate percentage of DED in children and to evaluate association between VDT use and DED in children. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in ophthalmology OPD of a tertiary eye care centre for a duration of one year. All children between 6-16 years of age were included. Exclusion criteria included any ocular surgery in past 6 months or any acute ocular infections, extensive corneal or conjunctival pathology or eyelid pathologies. RESULTS The rate of Dry Eye Disease (DED) found in our study was 11.03%. The daily duration of smartphone use, and total daily duration of VDT use were associated with increased association of dry eye disease. 290 children in all were examined, out of which, 32 had dry eyes. 88 children were excluded according to exclusion criteria. 32 children had Dry Eye Disease and 170 children were taken as non DED group. 97 were males (48.02%) and 105 were females (51.98%) out of 202 children included in the study. There were 17 girls (53.12%) in the dry eye disease group and 78 girls (45.88%) in the non DED group. Smart phone usage per day in DED group was 3.15±0.97 hours while in non DED group it was 0.64±0.69 hours. Computer usage per day was 1.10 ± 0.53 hrs. in DED group and 0.66±0.34 hrs in non DED group. Hours used in watching television per day were 1.17±0.56 hours in DED group and 1.01±0.40 hrs in non DED group. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association between VDT use and dry eye disease in paediatric population. Smart phone usage amongst children should be minimized.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Nov 27, 2019

Background: Good hygiene practices are very much needed during menstrual period. Adolescent girls... more Background: Good hygiene practices are very much needed during menstrual period. Adolescent girls especially in rural areas often lack information about good menstrual hygienic practices. Cultural beliefs about menstruation like food taboos, not going to the religious places also have a negative impact on the adolescent girls in the rural areas. This study was undertaken with an aim to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of adolescent girls regarding menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent girls from 8 th to 12 th class, from 5 schools of zone Budhi; which is a field practice area of department of community medicine, GMC Kathua; by simple random sampling technique. Out of total 323 girls, 300 girls willing to participate in the study (convenience sampling) were included. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used. Results: A total of 300 adolescent girls were enrolled in the study. Majority of adolescent girls had fair to good knowledge and practice scores regarding menstruation, menstrual hygiene and its management but poor attitude scores due to some cultural taboos like restrictions in kitchen, religious places etc. Conclusions: Proper IEC activities need to be performed at school level and Anganwadi level to create awareness among adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene management so that they are able to make appropriate choices so that it enable them to lead a healthy life and prevent the girls from reproductive tract infections.

Impact on Kayakalp scores after undertaking of a primary health center by community medicine dept. of a medical college of J and K

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2023

Journal of Community Medicine & Public Health, 2021

Introduction: Provision of safe water and basic sanitation is becoming a challenge in rural areas... more Introduction: Provision of safe water and basic sanitation is becoming a challenge in rural areas which is adversely affecting the health of the people living in such areas. Objective: To assess the core indicators on Sanitation and drinking water from rural area of Kathua district. Methodology: The present study was conducted over a period of 2 months i.e., from November 2019 to December 2019 among rural population of households falling under jurisdiction of Rural Health Training Centre, Budhi. Information was collected from the head of the household as well as from other household members. Overall, 320 households were assessed using standardized study tool. Results: The study revealed that the 72% families were of joint type and most of the families were headed by Male (82%). Main source of drinking water was tube well/borehole. 59% of adult females usually went to fetch the water from source. 82.37% of the rural population used water for drinking from improved source but only 35.59% of the household members used adequate water treatment method i.e., boiling. About 70.95% of the household members used improved sanitation facilities and only 43.17% was the sanitary disposal of children feces. Conclusion: Sanitization and hygiene practices in rural population was reported satisfactory as compared to other studies but still needs public health intervention. Various programs focusing on sanitation and personal hygiene with direct involvement of community should be conducted to raise awareness.

Assessment of indicators on drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices from rural schools of Kathua

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2017

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an endocrine as well as a metabolic disorder. Obesity is ... more Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an endocrine as well as a metabolic disorder. Obesity is not only the most common cause of insulin resistance, but also a growing health concern in its own right. There are a number of conventional methods to assess obesity with neck circumference being a relatively newer method. Objective: The present study was aimed at evaluating the correlation of the neck circumference with other anthropometric parameters in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 100 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus to investigate the correlation of the neck circumference with BMI, WC, and W/H ratio. Results: Neck circumference (NC) has shown a strong positive correlation with BMI, in both male and female type-2 diabetics (r = 0.882 for men and r = 0.956 for women, p<0.0001 in both). In both genders very high values were obtained for the coefficient of determination (R 2 =0.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Anemia has been recognized as the most common form of nutritional deficiency worldwid... more Background: Anemia has been recognized as the most common form of nutritional deficiency worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. Anemia is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It affects 1.62 billion people globally, which corresponds to 24.8% of the world population. Though anemia is easily treatable and preventable disease, it continues to be significantly associated with pregnancy. The aims of the study were to determine the magnitude of anemia in pregnant women according to severity and to find out association of anemia with different variables.Methods: The present study was a retrospective type of study which was conducted over a period of 2 years. A total of 109 antenatal females were registered over the period of 2 years.Results: The most common age group seen was 26-30 years (45%), majority of females were Hindu (95.4%) and belonged to lower socio-economic status (52.3%). The obstetrics history of the antenatal females’ show...

Pattern of Tobacco consumption among urban slum population in Jammu region: A cross-sectional study

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2021

Introduction: Consumption of tobacco leads to a myriad of ill effects among the smokers as well a... more Introduction: Consumption of tobacco leads to a myriad of ill effects among the smokers as well as those in their proximity. The study related to tobacco consumption was conducted among individuals over 15 years of age, residing in urban slums. Objective: To assess the pattern of tobacco consumption in urban slum population, using WHO standardized questionnaire which is Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS); questions related to tobacco from the surveys, which are the subset of GATS 2nd Edition key questions. Materials and Methods: The present study was observational cross-sectional in nature which was conducted over a period of 6 months i.e., from September 2019 to February 2020 in urban slums of Trikuta Nagar, urban health training centre which is a field practice area of Postgraduate Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu. The information about the tobacco consumption was gathered by interview sessions after taking consent from all the participants. Totally, 718 individu...

Reporting of core and optional indicators of infant and young child feeding practices using standardized the WHO formats from a rural population of Jammu region

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2017

Background: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood are critical for the overall de... more Background: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood are critical for the overall development of a child. Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices have direct bearing on nutritional status of children under 2 years of age, thereby impacting child survival. Objectives: To assess and report core and optional indicators of IYCF practices using standardized the WHO formats from a representative sample of a rural community. Materials and Methods: The present study was observational descriptive cross sectional in nature, conducted over a period of 6 months w.e.f October 2013-April 2014 in Block RS Pura which is a rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine. Information from mothers of 300 children aged 0-23 months residing in eight randomly selected villages of Block RS Pura were interviewed in a house to house survey using standardized the WHO formats to assess core and optional indicators of IYCF practices. Results: Some core indicators reflected po...

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers regarding nutrition of under-five children: A cross-sectional study in rural settings

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2019

Background: Nutrition of the under-five children is of greatest importance because the foundation... more Background: Nutrition of the under-five children is of greatest importance because the foundation of our lifetime health, strength, intelligence, and vitality is laid during this period. Our country faces the burden of diseases in which nutritional deficiencies are the most common. The prevalence of underweight children in India is among the highest in the world. Knowledge of mothers has an important role in the maintenance of nutritional status of the children. For this mother has to be made more aware about feeding practices of children and other health-care practices. Objective: This study was undertaken with an aim to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of mothers regarding nutrition of under-five children and prevention of malnutrition. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 300 mothers with under-five children. A structured questionnaire based on KAP survey guidelines, previous studies, but relevant to local context ...

Effect of Intervention Program on Knowledge of Indian Medical Students About the Hand Hygiene

Indian journal of applied research, 2020

INTRODUCTION One of the measures of personal hygiene is hand hygiene which is important from many... more INTRODUCTION One of the measures of personal hygiene is hand hygiene which is important from many generations.1It prevents the transmission of micro-organisms and results in the reduction of cases of healthcare associated infections.2Despite of simplicity of hand hygiene recommendations, the compliance rate is still not upto mark. In developing countries, prevalence of hand hygiene associated infections is 19%.3Because of low compliance rate, continuous efforts being made to improve the strategies and also to identify it. So, the WHO introduced a new concept “My ve Moments for hand Hygiene” to address the problem. These moments helped in training as well as monitoring the hand hygiene practices.

Knowledge assessment of accredited social health activist and anganwadi workers about the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram in rural area of District Kathua

Background: The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) program is technically known as Child Hea... more Background: The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) program is technically known as Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services. The main purpose of the program is to detect and manage 4Ds which are prevalent in children. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge of ASHA workers as well as anganwadi workers about the RBSK in rural area of District Kathua using semi-structured questionnaire. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the zone Budhi which is a field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, GMC Kathua. The zone consists of 24 villages with 18 ASHA workers and 35 anganwadi workers and one mobile RBSK team available at Community Health Center, Parole. After obtaining ethical clearance, all the ASHA workers and anganwadi workers were included in the study as they were willing to participate. Results: The present study revealed that majority of the workers were between t...

The study was conducted with the objective to assess the awareness regarding hand hygiene among ... more The study was conducted with the objective to assess the awareness regarding hand hygiene among health care workers of Associated hospital of GMC Kathua. A cross sectional study was conducted at Associated hospital of GMC Kathua for two months from September to October 2019. Prior permission was taken from Institutional Ethical Committee. Primary data was collected by interviewing health workers of different designation from different sections. 50 % of the staff was selected randomly by lottery method. WHO Standardized questionnaires for hand hygiene was used as Study tools. Questionnaire1 comprised of the knowledge component among health care workers and the second questionnaire comprised of 5 questions from ‘My 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene ‘by WHO for assessing the knowledge and practice of Health Care workers during working hours. Data was entered in Microsoft excel. Descriptive statistical analysis was expressed in form of number and percentages. Total of 111 participants respo...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Leprosy is often referred to as the oldest disease known to man. Leprosy as a social ... more Background: Leprosy is often referred to as the oldest disease known to man. Leprosy as a social disease has been a major public health problem because of the social stigma and ignorance attached to it. India achieved elimination status for leprosy in 2005; however, the reported prevalence continues to be high in some of the states. Leprosy understood as God’s retribution, has been present since the colonial times. Stigma attached to leprosy is typically a social process, experienced or anticipated, characterized by exclusion, rejection, blame or devaluation that result from experience, perception or reasonable anticipation of an adverse social judgment about a person or group. Objective was to study the demographic and epidemiological features of leprosy in the post-elimination era.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from July 2019 to September 2019. Case records of newly diagnosed leprosy patients were included in the study. The secondary data was collected fr...

Reporting of the core indicators on drinking water and sanitation from urban slums of Jammu: A cross-sectional study

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Family planning services like use of modern contraceptives help the couples to delay ... more Background: Family planning services like use of modern contraceptives help the couples to delay pregnancy and avoid the unwanted pregnancies. So, understanding the choice of contraceptives for the underserved couples is a key for provision of family planning services. Objective was to assess the contraceptive use among married women of urban slums using semi-structured questionnaire.Methods: The present observational cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one month i.e. November 2019 in urban slums of Trikuta Nagar, which is a field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu. Information was gathered from married females of reproductive age group. 50% of the population was selected randomly by lottery method i.e. 90 females. But at the time of study, only 85 married females could be interviewed.Results: The results show that the maximum females belonged to the 15-25 years age group followed by 26-30 years age group. More than 50% were literate, 42.35...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Village health and nutrition days (VHNDs) are based on the principal of integration o... more Background: Village health and nutrition days (VHNDs) are based on the principal of integration of services like nutrition, sanitation, health provision using a holistic approach. Days are organized once per week in each Anganwadi centre. These services are provided free of cost to rural people. The objective of the study was to assess services rendered at VHND in rural area of Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, India.Methods: The present study was descriptive cross-sectional in type, conducted in zone Budhi which is a field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Kathua. The zone Budhi consists of one primary health centre along with its six subcentres. One auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) covered one VHND once a week. For a month, one ANM covered four VHNDs. So, out of 10 ANMs in Zone Budhi, 7 attended VHNDs with a maximum of 28 village health and nutrition days covered in a month.Results: All the ANMs made a micro-plan ahead of their visits and prepared a list of ben...

International Journal of Advanced Community Medicine

Introduction: Twentieth century heralded accelerated health transition which brought Non Communic... more Introduction: Twentieth century heralded accelerated health transition which brought Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) to the forefront of global public health challenges. Global trends suggest that these diseases to a large extent are associated with life styles like-unhealthy dietary intake, physical inactivity, tobacco use, high alcohol consumption and are on the rise Objectives: To assess the risk of Non Communicable Diseases among the community using Community Based Assessment Checklist. Methods: 266 patients over 30 years of age, presenting to OPD were assessed on their behaviour. Risk score on the risk factors like Age, Tobacco and Alcohol consumption, Physical inactivity, Waist measurement and Family history of NCDs were taken. Each risk factor has an allotted score from 0 to 2, a total score above 4 poses the individual at risk for developing NCDs. Results: 28% individuals had an average score above 4, 48% at 4 and 24 % had a score below 4. Conclusion: Populations having a higher level of score needs an urgent health intervention so that it ongoing burden of NCDs can be halted or controlled.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Measles is a highly contagious virus, spread by contact with an infected person throu... more Background: Measles is a highly contagious virus, spread by contact with an infected person through coughing and sneezing. Like measles, rubella can be prevented with a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine. This can be delivered as a rubella vaccine alone, or combined with measles vaccine (MR) or with measles and mumps vaccines (MMR). The objectives of the study were to analyze the barriers for acceptance of MR vaccination in the field area of New Type Primary Health Centre (NTPHC) Miran Sahib, one of the NTPHC of CHC R. S. Pura, field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu.Methods: A qualitative study which consisting of interviews of parents of children both vaccinated as well as unvaccinated as well as teachers and principals of children of various government and private schools, Female Multipurpose Health Worker (FMPHW)s, accredited social health activist (ASHA) workers and Anganwadi workers where the campaign was conducted was also interviewed.Results: ...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Good hygiene practices are very much needed during menstrual period. Adolescent girls... more Background: Good hygiene practices are very much needed during menstrual period. Adolescent girls especially in rural areas often lack information about good menstrual hygienic practices. Cultural beliefs about menstruation like food taboos, not going to the religious places also have a negative impact on the adolescent girls in the rural areas. This study was undertaken with an aim to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of adolescent girls regarding menstruation and menstrual hygiene.Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted among adolescent girls from 8th to 12th class, from 5 schools of zone Budhi; which is a field practice area of department of community medicine, GMC Kathua; by simple random sampling technique. Out of total 323 girls, 300 girls willing to participate in the study (convenience sampling) were included. A semi- structured self- administered questionnaire was used.Results: A total of 300 adolescent girls were enrolled in the study. Majority of a...

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND Paediatric dry eye disease is a major health concern. VDT's like laptops, tablets and ... more BACKGROUND Paediatric dry eye disease is a major health concern. VDT's like laptops, tablets and smart phones are very commonly in use in children. Our study was done to evaluate percentage of DED in children and to evaluate association between VDT use and DED in children. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in ophthalmology OPD of a tertiary eye care centre for a duration of one year. All children between 6-16 years of age were included. Exclusion criteria included any ocular surgery in past 6 months or any acute ocular infections, extensive corneal or conjunctival pathology or eyelid pathologies. RESULTS The rate of Dry Eye Disease (DED) found in our study was 11.03%. The daily duration of smartphone use, and total daily duration of VDT use were associated with increased association of dry eye disease. 290 children in all were examined, out of which, 32 had dry eyes. 88 children were excluded according to exclusion criteria. 32 children had Dry Eye Disease and 170 children were taken as non DED group. 97 were males (48.02%) and 105 were females (51.98%) out of 202 children included in the study. There were 17 girls (53.12%) in the dry eye disease group and 78 girls (45.88%) in the non DED group. Smart phone usage per day in DED group was 3.15±0.97 hours while in non DED group it was 0.64±0.69 hours. Computer usage per day was 1.10 ± 0.53 hrs. in DED group and 0.66±0.34 hrs in non DED group. Hours used in watching television per day were 1.17±0.56 hours in DED group and 1.01±0.40 hrs in non DED group. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association between VDT use and dry eye disease in paediatric population. Smart phone usage amongst children should be minimized.