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Papers by Sonto Maputle

Research paper thumbnail of Implementation of Tuberculosis Control Measures in Rural Public Hospitals of Vhembe District, South Africa: A Thematic Analysis

Journal of Human Ecology

This paper assessed the implementation of effective tuberculosis control measures in rural public... more This paper assessed the implementation of effective tuberculosis control measures in rural public hospitals of Vhembe district, South Africa.A qualitative approach using cross-sectional exploratory design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select fifty-seven focus group participants. Necessary approval, permission and clearance were obtained. Participants' rights were respected. The findings of this study revealed that rural public hospitals of Vhembe district implemented ineffective tuberculosis control measures.It was concluded that the ineffective measures practiced might increase the risk of becoming infected with tuberculosis at rural hospitals of Vhembe district. Hospital managers should consult and enforce national as well as international tuberculosis control legislative framework to enhance health care workers' implementation of effective tuberculosis control measures.

Research paper thumbnail of Support offered by midwives to women during labor in a public hospital, Limpopo province: A participant observation study

Journal of women's health care, Aug 8, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Implementation of woman-centered care approach in childbirth units of Limpopo province, South Africa

Gynecology & Obstetrics, Mar 16, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Early Postnatal Care: Exploring Primary Caregivers’ Experiences of Continuity of Care After Discharge at Selected Districts in Limpopo Province South Africa

Patient Preference and Adherence

Background: Early postnatal discharge is perceived as a factor that contributes to possible mater... more Background: Early postnatal discharge is perceived as a factor that contributes to possible maternal, neonatal complications and deaths during the first week of delivery. Continuing with provision of home-based postnatal care by the primary caregivers is crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality. Purpose: The purpose was to explore the experiences of primary caregivers of continuing with the provision of early postnatal care at home. Method: A qualitative research approach, which was explorative, descriptive, and contextual was conducted in the three selected districts of different ethnic groups at Limpopo Province in October 2019. A non-probability, purposive sampling was used to conveniently sample 20 primary caregivers of postnatal women. Data were collected during the first 2 weeks of delivery through indepth individual semi-structured interviews until data saturation was reached. Data were analysed through a thematic analysis framework applying Tesch's open coding method. The study was done in Limpopo district, South Africa. Findings: The findings revealed a theme, namely, knowledge and skills of providing community-based postnatal care and three subthemes; early postnatal care to detect and prevent possible complications to the mother; general postnatal care, and early neonatal care to detect and prevent possible complications. Conclusion: Primary caregivers displayed acceptable indigenous skills and knowledge of providing early postnatal care. However, the skills of detecting potential danger signs were not adequately displayed. It was recommended that midwives need to create awareness to primary caregivers from the antenatal through postnatal care period. Community Health Workers to assist during immediate postnatal checkups (mother and neonate) which is done within 72hours of delivery. The health education, counseling, and community-based awareness campaigns are to be done with a focus on the detection and prevention of possible complications to mother and baby.

Research paper thumbnail of GladAfrica Epilepsy Research Project (GERP): Initiation, Launch and Community Interest Report

Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery

and the GladAfrica Foundation Trust took place on the occasion. The delegates who attended the co... more and the GladAfrica Foundation Trust took place on the occasion. The delegates who attended the conference included University of Venda staff members and students, GladAfrica Group and GladAfrica Foundation Trust executives, trustees and teams, Vhembe District Municipality representatives, community leaders, traditional practitioners and members of the community. A holistic understanding of epilepsy is key given that it has been found and understood to exist within two parallel worlds: the first is based on the scientific advances in the management and treatment of epilepsy where enormous scientific progress has been

Research paper thumbnail of Epilepsy life skill education guidelines for primary school teachers and learners in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces, South Africa: Multiphase mixed methods protocol

PLOS ONE

Epilepsy is a disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures. ... more Epilepsy is a disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures. It may result from a genetic condition and occurs mainly in children, especially at a primary level. Most people living with Epilepsy suffer from stigma and discrimination because of a lack of knowledge regarding Epilepsy. This study aims to develop life skills education guidelines for primary school learners of Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces to educate learners about Epilepsy, thus decreasing stigma and discrimination. A multimethod research approach will be used in this study to fulfil its purpose. Both stages 1 and 2 of the empirical phase (phase 1) will employ an exploratory-descriptive study design focusing on the primary school teachers, life skills educational advisors and learners to obtain their perceptions or views regarding the need to include Epilepsy in life skills education. Data will be collected using individual interviews for life skill educational advisors and focus g...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceived barriers to the prevention of preterm births in obstetric units of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health

Background/Aims Most African states are faced with challenges in the healthcare sector, such as t... more Background/Aims Most African states are faced with challenges in the healthcare sector, such as the lack of skilled healthcare professionals, materials and supplies and inadequate infrastructure. These challenges lead to an increased rate of preterm births. The aim of this study was to explore and describe barriers to the prevention of preterm births in the obstetric units of Limpopo Province. Methods An explorative, descriptive design was used to obtain primary data, which were used to develop guidelines to assist resource-limited obstetric units. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 managers and 15 midwives, making a total of 25 participants. In-depth individual interviews were used to collect data that were analysed using Tesch's open coding approach. Results The barriers to the prevention of preterm births in Limpopo Province, South Africa were a shortage of healthcare professionals, a lack of emotional and psychological support and poor communication. Conclusions The su...

Research paper thumbnail of The Preterm Birth Rate in a Resource-Stricken Rural Area of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Nursing: Research and Reviews

Background: Midwives play a pivotal role in providing primary prevention of preterm birth. Midwiv... more Background: Midwives play a pivotal role in providing primary prevention of preterm birth. Midwives screen and diagnose preexisting medical conditions, manage all conditions as guided by their scope of practice and refer all cases to other relevant team members. Purpose: The study aimed to determine and describe factors contributing to the escalating preterm birth rate in Limpopo, South Africa. Methods: Descriptive survey was used to determine factors related to increased preterm births. The non-probability purposive sampling selected 55 midwives, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 23. Results: Health facilities in Limpopo province had constrained resources as evidenced by a shortage of midwives, a lack of medical supply, poorly maintained, and old infrastructure. The skills of midwives and their working environment were affected by this constrained resource. The results from midwives that were perceived to affect them were 66% of participants reported lack of equipment, 29.1% participants agreed that pregnant women were presenting after 12 weeks to initiate antenatal care, while 45.3% pointed out they used steroids to prevent preterm labor. Record-keeping was viewed as an essential aspect to manage PTB when providing care. Despite the constrained resources, midwives were providing care to prevent PTB. This was evidenced by 78.2% agreeing that keep records from the first booking until the last antenatal visit, while 96.2% monitored the fetal heart rate, 98.1% screened for infections, and 90.9% referred all women at risk to the doctor. Thus, most of the midwives were competent with a confidence interval of (95%) and a prevalence of 9% and 9.5% that, is 9/10, which could prevent PTB. Conclusion: Lack of resources, including staffing and specialized care, contributed to escalating PTB at health facilities in Limpopo province.

Research paper thumbnail of Religiosity as a protective factor against alcohol and substance use among first-year students in a South African University

African journal of drug and alcohol studies, 2017

Religiosity modulates many aspects of human behaviour. However, there is paucity of empirical stu... more Religiosity modulates many aspects of human behaviour. However, there is paucity of empirical studies examining the protective effects of religiosity on alcohol and substance use among first-year students in South African universities. This study therefore assessed the protective effects of religiosity on alcohol and substance use among first-year students in a South African university. A total of 348 first-year students were purposively sampled for the study which lasted for 30 days. Results revealed that alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, use of cannabis and any substance were 60.1%, 31.5%, 23.3%, and 36.9% respectively. High religiosity scores conferred protectives effects on alcohol consumption, (OR=0.33, p<0.01), tobacco (0.23, p<0.01), and on the use of any substance (0.38, p<.021). Being a male student, residing with parents and living in an urban area were associated with increased odds of alcohol use. Age and fathers' educational level were predictive of likelihood to use tobacco. The use of marijuana was associated with being a male student. Use of any substance was associated with being a male student and residing in the urban area. The current findings suggest that religiosity had restrictive role on alcohol consumption and substances use. Parental factors underscored the use of substances among the study population.

Research paper thumbnail of OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ITS PREDICTORS AMONG NORTH-WEST uniVerSitY StuDentS MAfiKeng cAMPuS

The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of substance use among university students in So... more The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of substance use among university students in South Africa. A cross-sectional study of randomly selected 416 students was conducted. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The result of the study indicated that current alcohol use was reported by 67.5%, Cigarette, 21.4%, cannabis, 17.3% and glue 2.9%. Alcohol consumption was associated with sex, age, religious affiliation, home language, family influence, and substance experimentation. Sex and substance experimentation were predictors of cigarette smoking. Cannabis use was associated with respondent's sociocultural group and family influence. There is need to strengthen the family structure of homes as present substance use is rooted in family influences. Educational programmes that emphasise the dangers of experimenting with substance to young people may have great potential in minimizing substance use.

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge towards Pregnancy-induced Hypertension among Pregnant Women in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province

Journal of Human Ecology, 2015

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain the commonest direct cause of maternal mortality in So... more Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain the commonest direct cause of maternal mortality in South Africa. Information about Pregnancy-induced hypertension has not reached many pregnant women in South Africa. The 2005-2007 statistics shows that there were 628 reported maternal deaths due to Pregnancy-induced hypertension. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is particularly sinister in its early stages as a woman may be totally unaware of its presence. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of pregnant women towards Pregnancy-induced hypertension in Vhembe district, Limpopo province. A qualitative, exploratory approach was used. Population comprised of pregnant women who were residing at one village in Vhembe district. Non-probability, purposive and snowball sampling method was used to sample ten pregnant women. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Trustworthiness was ensured by considering the criteria of credibility, dependability, applicability and transferability. Data was analysed qualitatively through open coding method. The results revealed knowledge deficit about Pregnancy-induced hypertension symptoms, prevention of complications and about the impact of Pregnancy-induced hypertension on the unborn baby. Health care providers should implement the focused health education programs during antenatal visit.

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges Midwives in Limpopo Province Encounter when Implementing Saving Mothers Recommendations

The Open Nursing Journal, 2020

Introduction: The recommendations of Saving Mothers report by the National Committee for Confiden... more Introduction: The recommendations of Saving Mothers report by the National Committee for Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (NCCEMD) were formulated in response to the high maternal mortality rate in South Africa. Saving Mothers’ Report recommendations were implemented in maternity units of Limpopo province. However, the mortality rate for 2014-2016 in Limpopo was 165.16/100000 live births against the national target of 38/100000 live births. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges faced by registered midwives when implementing these recommendations. Methods: A qualitative research approach, which is descriptive, exploratory and contextual design, was used. A non-probability, purposive and convenience sampling was used to select 25 participants. Data were collected from August to October 2017 through the individual in-depth unstructured interview from 22 participants based on data saturation. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, dependability, tran...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge of Mothers with Regard to Immunisation of Children in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province

Journal of Human Ecology, 2015

The Extended Programme on Immunisation aims at delivering the primary immunisation series to at l... more The Extended Programme on Immunisation aims at delivering the primary immunisation series to at least 90 percent of infants. It is considered essential for improving infant and child survival. Inspite of the importance of immunisation on child survival, the coverage at the Tshino-Mutsha local area dropped from 85 percent to 75 percent during 2011-2012. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of mothers’ regarding immunisation of children below 6 years of age. A quantitative research approach, cross-sectional survey was used and simple random sampling was undertaken to sample 200 mothers at seven clinics, including the mobile clinic. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze data. Findings indicated that illiterate mothers and those younger than 35 years with less than 3 children were more knowledgeable with regard to the importance of Immunisation. The government health facilities, esp...

Research paper thumbnail of Health Literacy for Self-Care by Female Patients Diagnosed with Diabetes at a Selected Hospitals in Limpopo Province of South Africa

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge and Attitudes of Youth in Relation to Provider Initiated Counselling and Testing at the Primary Health Care Services of the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province

Journal of Human Ecology, 2015

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and determine attitudes of youth about Provider ... more The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and determine attitudes of youth about Provider Initiated Human Immunodeficiency Virus counselling and testing) at the Primary Health Care services of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The target population was the youth between the ages of 16 and 35 years. The sampling method was non-probability and purposive, while data were gathered by using a structured questionnaire. The data analysis was summarised by means of descriptive statistics. Validity and reliability were ensured by undertaking a literature review; developing and pre-testing the questionnaire. Ethical considerations were adhered to. The consent for participation from participants who were between 16 and 17 years was obtained from parents or guardians. Results indicated 90 percent youth demonstrated sufficient knowledge and awareness of the availability and the value of Provider Initiated Human Immunodeficiency Virus counselling and testing services; however 50 percent ...

Research paper thumbnail of A model for woman-centered childbirth

The overall objective of this study was to describe the model and criteria for woman-centered car... more The overall objective of this study was to describe the model and criteria for woman-centered care that will serve as a theoretical framework for implementing the Batho-Pele Principles in order to facilitate mutual participation between mothers and attending midwives during childbirth at one hospital of the Capricorn district in the Limpopo Province. The phases followed in this study were as follows: Phase 1: Concept Identification The concept identification was achieved through the use of a qualitative research approach which was exploratory, descriptive, contextual and inductive. A sample of 24 mothers and 12 attending midwives participated in the study. Different data collection methods were utilized. Data obtained from unstructured in-depth interviews were analyzed according to the protocol by Tesch (1990; cited in Cresswell, 1994:155). Data analysis from participant observation using semistructured observation and VAS were performed quantitatively by using frequency distributio...

Research paper thumbnail of Midwives’ challenges in the management of postpartum haemorrhage at rural PHC facilities of Limpopo province, South Africa: an explorative study

African Health Sciences, 2021

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the causes of the rise in maternal mortality. Midwiv... more Background: Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the causes of the rise in maternal mortality. Midwives’ experiences related to postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) management remain unexplored, especially in Limpopo. The purpose of the study was to explore the challenges experienced by midwives in the management of women with PPH. Methods: Qualitative research was conducted to explore the challenges experienced by midwives in the management of women with PPH. Midwives were sampled purposefully. Unstructured interviews were conducted on 18 midwives working at primary health care facilities. Data were analysed after data saturation. Results: After data analysis, one theme emerged “challenges experienced by midwives managing women with PPH” and five subthemes, including: “difficulty experienced resulting in feelings of frustrations and confusion and lack of time and shortage of human resource inhibits guidelines consultation”. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that midwives experienced diff...

Research paper thumbnail of Usage of Implant Contraceptive Method by Sexually Active Women: An Exploration of The Factors Contributing To Implant Contraceptive Method Uptake in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Background The estimation of unmet contraceptive needs triggered the National Department of Healt... more Background The estimation of unmet contraceptive needs triggered the National Department of Health in South Africa to introduced the Implant contraceptive method in 2014 to increase the range of contraceptive options for sexually active women. Implant contraceptive uptake remains low in the Vhembe District despite its effectiveness in preventing unintended pregnancy. Very little is known about the factors that affect the usage of this cost-effective device. Aim To explore sexually active women's knowledge, practices and attitudes related to the usage of the Implant contraceptive method in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. Methods The study was qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual, conducted using a non-probability purposive technique to sample 62 sexually active women aged from 18–45 years. The sample size was determined by data saturation. Five (5) focus group discussions were conducted using semi-structured interviews, which lasted for 45–60 minutes. Tesch&#39...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge of Students regarding HIV/AIDS at a Rural University in South Africa

The Open AIDS Journal, 2021

Introduction: Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is essential for facilitating safer sexual behaviour hence... more Introduction: Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is essential for facilitating safer sexual behaviour hence, it is important in controlling HIV. Therefore, in the absence of a cure for the pandemic, adequate knowledge about the virus remains the backbone of prevention efforts. Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among undergraduate students at a rural university in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative survey-based study was conducted at a rural-based university in South Africa. Stratified random sampling was used to select 345 students. A self-administered questionnaire composed of 26 questions was utilised to gather data and the data were analysed using SPSS version 26. Multiple logistic regression and chi-square tests [χ2] were employed to determine the association between HIV/AIDS knowledge and demographic variables. Results: The overall HIV/AIDS knowledge score of students shows that (74)21% had a poor level of knowledge, (1...

Research paper thumbnail of Cultural Factors Contributing to Maternal Mortality Rate in Rural Villages of Limpopo Province, South Africa

International Journal of Women's Health, 2020

Introduction: The understanding of the link between cultural affairs and maternal health is criti... more Introduction: The understanding of the link between cultural affairs and maternal health is critical to save the lives of women. The South African maternal mortality rate (MMR) target for 2015 was 38/100,000 live births. In 2017, South Africa had 1,222 maternal deaths. The purpose was to determine the perceived cultural factors contributing to MMR in rural villages in Mopani District. Methods: This qualitative research and non-probability purposive sampling was used to select participants who met the inclusion criteria. Thirty women, age 40 years and above childbearing age, who had given birth in their lifetime, were sampled. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews at the women's homes. Probing to elicit more information was conducted focusing on hemorrhage, hypertension and risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Data were analyzed through open coding methods. Trustworthiness was ensured by Guba and Lincoln's criteria, credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. Results: From the study three themes emerged from the data as cultural factors relating to heavy, red post-delivery bleeding perceived as cleaning-out of the womb. With hypertension, gaining weight rapidly before the 20th week of gestation not reported as a pregnancy was still culturally concealed. Contracting HIV, women were exposed to unsafe sex practices due to cultural expectations of having children as a sign of femininity. Discussion: The formulation of culture congruent interventions to promote good and acceptable cultural practices that cannot harm the physical and mental status of women was recommended to reduce unplanned deaths among them.

Research paper thumbnail of Implementation of Tuberculosis Control Measures in Rural Public Hospitals of Vhembe District, South Africa: A Thematic Analysis

Journal of Human Ecology

This paper assessed the implementation of effective tuberculosis control measures in rural public... more This paper assessed the implementation of effective tuberculosis control measures in rural public hospitals of Vhembe district, South Africa.A qualitative approach using cross-sectional exploratory design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select fifty-seven focus group participants. Necessary approval, permission and clearance were obtained. Participants' rights were respected. The findings of this study revealed that rural public hospitals of Vhembe district implemented ineffective tuberculosis control measures.It was concluded that the ineffective measures practiced might increase the risk of becoming infected with tuberculosis at rural hospitals of Vhembe district. Hospital managers should consult and enforce national as well as international tuberculosis control legislative framework to enhance health care workers' implementation of effective tuberculosis control measures.

Research paper thumbnail of Support offered by midwives to women during labor in a public hospital, Limpopo province: A participant observation study

Journal of women's health care, Aug 8, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Implementation of woman-centered care approach in childbirth units of Limpopo province, South Africa

Gynecology & Obstetrics, Mar 16, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Early Postnatal Care: Exploring Primary Caregivers’ Experiences of Continuity of Care After Discharge at Selected Districts in Limpopo Province South Africa

Patient Preference and Adherence

Background: Early postnatal discharge is perceived as a factor that contributes to possible mater... more Background: Early postnatal discharge is perceived as a factor that contributes to possible maternal, neonatal complications and deaths during the first week of delivery. Continuing with provision of home-based postnatal care by the primary caregivers is crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality. Purpose: The purpose was to explore the experiences of primary caregivers of continuing with the provision of early postnatal care at home. Method: A qualitative research approach, which was explorative, descriptive, and contextual was conducted in the three selected districts of different ethnic groups at Limpopo Province in October 2019. A non-probability, purposive sampling was used to conveniently sample 20 primary caregivers of postnatal women. Data were collected during the first 2 weeks of delivery through indepth individual semi-structured interviews until data saturation was reached. Data were analysed through a thematic analysis framework applying Tesch's open coding method. The study was done in Limpopo district, South Africa. Findings: The findings revealed a theme, namely, knowledge and skills of providing community-based postnatal care and three subthemes; early postnatal care to detect and prevent possible complications to the mother; general postnatal care, and early neonatal care to detect and prevent possible complications. Conclusion: Primary caregivers displayed acceptable indigenous skills and knowledge of providing early postnatal care. However, the skills of detecting potential danger signs were not adequately displayed. It was recommended that midwives need to create awareness to primary caregivers from the antenatal through postnatal care period. Community Health Workers to assist during immediate postnatal checkups (mother and neonate) which is done within 72hours of delivery. The health education, counseling, and community-based awareness campaigns are to be done with a focus on the detection and prevention of possible complications to mother and baby.

Research paper thumbnail of GladAfrica Epilepsy Research Project (GERP): Initiation, Launch and Community Interest Report

Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery

and the GladAfrica Foundation Trust took place on the occasion. The delegates who attended the co... more and the GladAfrica Foundation Trust took place on the occasion. The delegates who attended the conference included University of Venda staff members and students, GladAfrica Group and GladAfrica Foundation Trust executives, trustees and teams, Vhembe District Municipality representatives, community leaders, traditional practitioners and members of the community. A holistic understanding of epilepsy is key given that it has been found and understood to exist within two parallel worlds: the first is based on the scientific advances in the management and treatment of epilepsy where enormous scientific progress has been

Research paper thumbnail of Epilepsy life skill education guidelines for primary school teachers and learners in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces, South Africa: Multiphase mixed methods protocol

PLOS ONE

Epilepsy is a disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures. ... more Epilepsy is a disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures. It may result from a genetic condition and occurs mainly in children, especially at a primary level. Most people living with Epilepsy suffer from stigma and discrimination because of a lack of knowledge regarding Epilepsy. This study aims to develop life skills education guidelines for primary school learners of Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces to educate learners about Epilepsy, thus decreasing stigma and discrimination. A multimethod research approach will be used in this study to fulfil its purpose. Both stages 1 and 2 of the empirical phase (phase 1) will employ an exploratory-descriptive study design focusing on the primary school teachers, life skills educational advisors and learners to obtain their perceptions or views regarding the need to include Epilepsy in life skills education. Data will be collected using individual interviews for life skill educational advisors and focus g...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceived barriers to the prevention of preterm births in obstetric units of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health

Background/Aims Most African states are faced with challenges in the healthcare sector, such as t... more Background/Aims Most African states are faced with challenges in the healthcare sector, such as the lack of skilled healthcare professionals, materials and supplies and inadequate infrastructure. These challenges lead to an increased rate of preterm births. The aim of this study was to explore and describe barriers to the prevention of preterm births in the obstetric units of Limpopo Province. Methods An explorative, descriptive design was used to obtain primary data, which were used to develop guidelines to assist resource-limited obstetric units. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 managers and 15 midwives, making a total of 25 participants. In-depth individual interviews were used to collect data that were analysed using Tesch's open coding approach. Results The barriers to the prevention of preterm births in Limpopo Province, South Africa were a shortage of healthcare professionals, a lack of emotional and psychological support and poor communication. Conclusions The su...

Research paper thumbnail of The Preterm Birth Rate in a Resource-Stricken Rural Area of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Nursing: Research and Reviews

Background: Midwives play a pivotal role in providing primary prevention of preterm birth. Midwiv... more Background: Midwives play a pivotal role in providing primary prevention of preterm birth. Midwives screen and diagnose preexisting medical conditions, manage all conditions as guided by their scope of practice and refer all cases to other relevant team members. Purpose: The study aimed to determine and describe factors contributing to the escalating preterm birth rate in Limpopo, South Africa. Methods: Descriptive survey was used to determine factors related to increased preterm births. The non-probability purposive sampling selected 55 midwives, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 23. Results: Health facilities in Limpopo province had constrained resources as evidenced by a shortage of midwives, a lack of medical supply, poorly maintained, and old infrastructure. The skills of midwives and their working environment were affected by this constrained resource. The results from midwives that were perceived to affect them were 66% of participants reported lack of equipment, 29.1% participants agreed that pregnant women were presenting after 12 weeks to initiate antenatal care, while 45.3% pointed out they used steroids to prevent preterm labor. Record-keeping was viewed as an essential aspect to manage PTB when providing care. Despite the constrained resources, midwives were providing care to prevent PTB. This was evidenced by 78.2% agreeing that keep records from the first booking until the last antenatal visit, while 96.2% monitored the fetal heart rate, 98.1% screened for infections, and 90.9% referred all women at risk to the doctor. Thus, most of the midwives were competent with a confidence interval of (95%) and a prevalence of 9% and 9.5% that, is 9/10, which could prevent PTB. Conclusion: Lack of resources, including staffing and specialized care, contributed to escalating PTB at health facilities in Limpopo province.

Research paper thumbnail of Religiosity as a protective factor against alcohol and substance use among first-year students in a South African University

African journal of drug and alcohol studies, 2017

Religiosity modulates many aspects of human behaviour. However, there is paucity of empirical stu... more Religiosity modulates many aspects of human behaviour. However, there is paucity of empirical studies examining the protective effects of religiosity on alcohol and substance use among first-year students in South African universities. This study therefore assessed the protective effects of religiosity on alcohol and substance use among first-year students in a South African university. A total of 348 first-year students were purposively sampled for the study which lasted for 30 days. Results revealed that alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, use of cannabis and any substance were 60.1%, 31.5%, 23.3%, and 36.9% respectively. High religiosity scores conferred protectives effects on alcohol consumption, (OR=0.33, p<0.01), tobacco (0.23, p<0.01), and on the use of any substance (0.38, p<.021). Being a male student, residing with parents and living in an urban area were associated with increased odds of alcohol use. Age and fathers' educational level were predictive of likelihood to use tobacco. The use of marijuana was associated with being a male student. Use of any substance was associated with being a male student and residing in the urban area. The current findings suggest that religiosity had restrictive role on alcohol consumption and substances use. Parental factors underscored the use of substances among the study population.

Research paper thumbnail of OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ITS PREDICTORS AMONG NORTH-WEST uniVerSitY StuDentS MAfiKeng cAMPuS

The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of substance use among university students in So... more The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of substance use among university students in South Africa. A cross-sectional study of randomly selected 416 students was conducted. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The result of the study indicated that current alcohol use was reported by 67.5%, Cigarette, 21.4%, cannabis, 17.3% and glue 2.9%. Alcohol consumption was associated with sex, age, religious affiliation, home language, family influence, and substance experimentation. Sex and substance experimentation were predictors of cigarette smoking. Cannabis use was associated with respondent's sociocultural group and family influence. There is need to strengthen the family structure of homes as present substance use is rooted in family influences. Educational programmes that emphasise the dangers of experimenting with substance to young people may have great potential in minimizing substance use.

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge towards Pregnancy-induced Hypertension among Pregnant Women in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province

Journal of Human Ecology, 2015

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain the commonest direct cause of maternal mortality in So... more Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain the commonest direct cause of maternal mortality in South Africa. Information about Pregnancy-induced hypertension has not reached many pregnant women in South Africa. The 2005-2007 statistics shows that there were 628 reported maternal deaths due to Pregnancy-induced hypertension. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is particularly sinister in its early stages as a woman may be totally unaware of its presence. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of pregnant women towards Pregnancy-induced hypertension in Vhembe district, Limpopo province. A qualitative, exploratory approach was used. Population comprised of pregnant women who were residing at one village in Vhembe district. Non-probability, purposive and snowball sampling method was used to sample ten pregnant women. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Trustworthiness was ensured by considering the criteria of credibility, dependability, applicability and transferability. Data was analysed qualitatively through open coding method. The results revealed knowledge deficit about Pregnancy-induced hypertension symptoms, prevention of complications and about the impact of Pregnancy-induced hypertension on the unborn baby. Health care providers should implement the focused health education programs during antenatal visit.

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges Midwives in Limpopo Province Encounter when Implementing Saving Mothers Recommendations

The Open Nursing Journal, 2020

Introduction: The recommendations of Saving Mothers report by the National Committee for Confiden... more Introduction: The recommendations of Saving Mothers report by the National Committee for Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (NCCEMD) were formulated in response to the high maternal mortality rate in South Africa. Saving Mothers’ Report recommendations were implemented in maternity units of Limpopo province. However, the mortality rate for 2014-2016 in Limpopo was 165.16/100000 live births against the national target of 38/100000 live births. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges faced by registered midwives when implementing these recommendations. Methods: A qualitative research approach, which is descriptive, exploratory and contextual design, was used. A non-probability, purposive and convenience sampling was used to select 25 participants. Data were collected from August to October 2017 through the individual in-depth unstructured interview from 22 participants based on data saturation. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, dependability, tran...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge of Mothers with Regard to Immunisation of Children in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province

Journal of Human Ecology, 2015

The Extended Programme on Immunisation aims at delivering the primary immunisation series to at l... more The Extended Programme on Immunisation aims at delivering the primary immunisation series to at least 90 percent of infants. It is considered essential for improving infant and child survival. Inspite of the importance of immunisation on child survival, the coverage at the Tshino-Mutsha local area dropped from 85 percent to 75 percent during 2011-2012. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of mothers’ regarding immunisation of children below 6 years of age. A quantitative research approach, cross-sectional survey was used and simple random sampling was undertaken to sample 200 mothers at seven clinics, including the mobile clinic. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze data. Findings indicated that illiterate mothers and those younger than 35 years with less than 3 children were more knowledgeable with regard to the importance of Immunisation. The government health facilities, esp...

Research paper thumbnail of Health Literacy for Self-Care by Female Patients Diagnosed with Diabetes at a Selected Hospitals in Limpopo Province of South Africa

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge and Attitudes of Youth in Relation to Provider Initiated Counselling and Testing at the Primary Health Care Services of the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province

Journal of Human Ecology, 2015

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and determine attitudes of youth about Provider ... more The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and determine attitudes of youth about Provider Initiated Human Immunodeficiency Virus counselling and testing) at the Primary Health Care services of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The target population was the youth between the ages of 16 and 35 years. The sampling method was non-probability and purposive, while data were gathered by using a structured questionnaire. The data analysis was summarised by means of descriptive statistics. Validity and reliability were ensured by undertaking a literature review; developing and pre-testing the questionnaire. Ethical considerations were adhered to. The consent for participation from participants who were between 16 and 17 years was obtained from parents or guardians. Results indicated 90 percent youth demonstrated sufficient knowledge and awareness of the availability and the value of Provider Initiated Human Immunodeficiency Virus counselling and testing services; however 50 percent ...

Research paper thumbnail of A model for woman-centered childbirth

The overall objective of this study was to describe the model and criteria for woman-centered car... more The overall objective of this study was to describe the model and criteria for woman-centered care that will serve as a theoretical framework for implementing the Batho-Pele Principles in order to facilitate mutual participation between mothers and attending midwives during childbirth at one hospital of the Capricorn district in the Limpopo Province. The phases followed in this study were as follows: Phase 1: Concept Identification The concept identification was achieved through the use of a qualitative research approach which was exploratory, descriptive, contextual and inductive. A sample of 24 mothers and 12 attending midwives participated in the study. Different data collection methods were utilized. Data obtained from unstructured in-depth interviews were analyzed according to the protocol by Tesch (1990; cited in Cresswell, 1994:155). Data analysis from participant observation using semistructured observation and VAS were performed quantitatively by using frequency distributio...

Research paper thumbnail of Midwives’ challenges in the management of postpartum haemorrhage at rural PHC facilities of Limpopo province, South Africa: an explorative study

African Health Sciences, 2021

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the causes of the rise in maternal mortality. Midwiv... more Background: Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the causes of the rise in maternal mortality. Midwives’ experiences related to postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) management remain unexplored, especially in Limpopo. The purpose of the study was to explore the challenges experienced by midwives in the management of women with PPH. Methods: Qualitative research was conducted to explore the challenges experienced by midwives in the management of women with PPH. Midwives were sampled purposefully. Unstructured interviews were conducted on 18 midwives working at primary health care facilities. Data were analysed after data saturation. Results: After data analysis, one theme emerged “challenges experienced by midwives managing women with PPH” and five subthemes, including: “difficulty experienced resulting in feelings of frustrations and confusion and lack of time and shortage of human resource inhibits guidelines consultation”. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that midwives experienced diff...

Research paper thumbnail of Usage of Implant Contraceptive Method by Sexually Active Women: An Exploration of The Factors Contributing To Implant Contraceptive Method Uptake in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Background The estimation of unmet contraceptive needs triggered the National Department of Healt... more Background The estimation of unmet contraceptive needs triggered the National Department of Health in South Africa to introduced the Implant contraceptive method in 2014 to increase the range of contraceptive options for sexually active women. Implant contraceptive uptake remains low in the Vhembe District despite its effectiveness in preventing unintended pregnancy. Very little is known about the factors that affect the usage of this cost-effective device. Aim To explore sexually active women's knowledge, practices and attitudes related to the usage of the Implant contraceptive method in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. Methods The study was qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual, conducted using a non-probability purposive technique to sample 62 sexually active women aged from 18–45 years. The sample size was determined by data saturation. Five (5) focus group discussions were conducted using semi-structured interviews, which lasted for 45–60 minutes. Tesch&#39...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge of Students regarding HIV/AIDS at a Rural University in South Africa

The Open AIDS Journal, 2021

Introduction: Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is essential for facilitating safer sexual behaviour hence... more Introduction: Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is essential for facilitating safer sexual behaviour hence, it is important in controlling HIV. Therefore, in the absence of a cure for the pandemic, adequate knowledge about the virus remains the backbone of prevention efforts. Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among undergraduate students at a rural university in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative survey-based study was conducted at a rural-based university in South Africa. Stratified random sampling was used to select 345 students. A self-administered questionnaire composed of 26 questions was utilised to gather data and the data were analysed using SPSS version 26. Multiple logistic regression and chi-square tests [χ2] were employed to determine the association between HIV/AIDS knowledge and demographic variables. Results: The overall HIV/AIDS knowledge score of students shows that (74)21% had a poor level of knowledge, (1...

Research paper thumbnail of Cultural Factors Contributing to Maternal Mortality Rate in Rural Villages of Limpopo Province, South Africa

International Journal of Women's Health, 2020

Introduction: The understanding of the link between cultural affairs and maternal health is criti... more Introduction: The understanding of the link between cultural affairs and maternal health is critical to save the lives of women. The South African maternal mortality rate (MMR) target for 2015 was 38/100,000 live births. In 2017, South Africa had 1,222 maternal deaths. The purpose was to determine the perceived cultural factors contributing to MMR in rural villages in Mopani District. Methods: This qualitative research and non-probability purposive sampling was used to select participants who met the inclusion criteria. Thirty women, age 40 years and above childbearing age, who had given birth in their lifetime, were sampled. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews at the women's homes. Probing to elicit more information was conducted focusing on hemorrhage, hypertension and risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Data were analyzed through open coding methods. Trustworthiness was ensured by Guba and Lincoln's criteria, credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. Results: From the study three themes emerged from the data as cultural factors relating to heavy, red post-delivery bleeding perceived as cleaning-out of the womb. With hypertension, gaining weight rapidly before the 20th week of gestation not reported as a pregnancy was still culturally concealed. Contracting HIV, women were exposed to unsafe sex practices due to cultural expectations of having children as a sign of femininity. Discussion: The formulation of culture congruent interventions to promote good and acceptable cultural practices that cannot harm the physical and mental status of women was recommended to reduce unplanned deaths among them.