Sophie Wolf - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sophie Wolf
Heritage, Sep 8, 2023
Dalle de verre windows consist of thick slabs of coloured glass set in a matrix of reinforced con... more Dalle de verre windows consist of thick slabs of coloured glass set in a matrix of reinforced concrete. The invention of this special art form is closely linked to the developments in modern architecture in the first half of the 20th century that are characterized by using new technologies such as steel-frame construction, reinforced concrete and the increasing use of glass. Many of these windows are showing damage, some of it severe. Until now, the causes of damage have hardly been investigated and there is still no practical and suitable approach to the analysis of the state of conservation of dalle de verre glazings. One of the main objectives of an interdisciplinary project (2019)(2020)(2021) was therefore to evaluate the potential of non-destructive techniques for the characterisation of and identification of damage of dalle the verre windows in their structural, physical and climatic context. Various non-destructive methods (Ground-Penetrating Radar, Electric resistivity, Half-cell potential, Ultrasonics, Induction, Magnet and Thermography) have been tested on two prominent dalle de verre examples: the windows created by Fernand Léger for the church of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre in Courfaivre (Swiss Jura mountains) and the large tripartite by Alexandre Cingria once decorating the choir window church of the Franciscan monastery at Fribourg, Switzerland. The results of the analyses presented in this paper provide valuable information on the advantages and limitations as well as the costs of the methods used.
Les 406 fragments de verres a vitre datant du 5 e m e ou du 6 e m e siecle et trouves a l'egl... more Les 406 fragments de verres a vitre datant du 5 e m e ou du 6 e m e siecle et trouves a l'eglise paleochretienne de Sion, Sous-le-Scex sont parmi les ensembles les plus rares de cette periode. Le spectre des couleurs est large, mais les tons bleus et bleus-verts dominent. Le repertoire des formes est purement geometrique. Les resultats des etudes chimiques et technologiques ont demontre que la plupart des verres etaient produits en utilisant du verre recycle, particulierement comme agent colorant. Quelques-uns des verres sont faits essentiellement de verre brut provenant des ateliers primaires connus en Syrie-Palestine. La composition et la manufacture des verres a vitre correspondent a la technique hautement developpee de la production du verre romain. Les plaques de verre, fabriquees par coulage de la masse fondue, ont ete coupees suivant des formes geometriques. Ensuite, les pieces ont ete montees en vitraux mosaiques a l'aide de baguettes de plomb dans des cadres en bois. En ce qui concerne la fabrication des verres a vitre, deux scenarios sont envisageables: dans le premier, le verre brut a ete importe, puis fondu, coule et coupe localement. Dans le deuxieme, les plaques de verre ou des pieces prefabriquees ont ete importees et simplement assemblees sur place.
Backsteintechnologien in Mittelalter und Neuzeit, 2003
... Wenige Schichten aus vermörtelten Mauerziegeln Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zur Hers... more ... Wenige Schichten aus vermörtelten Mauerziegeln Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zur Herstellungstechnik 243 ... über die Dauer von 235 Stunden ab Beginn der Feuerung. ... mit einem kleinen Tonklumpen fixiert und von einem kleinen Mauerziegel der nächstfolgenden ...
Archaeometry, 2002
The aim of the present study is to determine the production technology of a particular type of la... more The aim of the present study is to determine the production technology of a particular type of large medieval brick. The firing temperature and their soak times are estimated using a combination of colour and fabric, as well as mineralogical, microstructural and open porosity analysis. A replication experiment was carried out in order to validate the estimated predictions, and to give a realistic idea of the time needed to dry and fire each large brick. The experiment also suggests the temperature distribution and firing atmosphere in the kiln, as well as providing an estimate of fuel consumption. Analytical results and replication both provide information to assess the production technology, the time parameters and the firing temperatures involved in the production of the medieval bricks of St. Urban.
Isotopic composition of glass from the Levant and the south-eastern Mediterranean Region Isotopic... more Isotopic composition of glass from the Levant and the south-eastern Mediterranean Region Isotopic composition of glass from the Levant and the south-eastern Mediterranean Region Ian C. Freestone, Sophie Wolf, Matthew Thirlwall Ian C. Freestone, Sophie Wolf, Matthew ...
Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada, Aug 23, 2017
The history and iconography of Swiss stained glass dating between the 16th and 18th centuries are... more The history and iconography of Swiss stained glass dating between the 16th and 18th centuries are well studied. However, the chemical and morphological characteristics of the glass and glass paints, particularly the nature of the raw materials, the provenance of the glass, and the technology used to produce it are less well understood. In this paper, we studied two sets of samples from stained-glass panels attributed to Switzerland, which date from the 16th to 17th centuries: the first set comes from Pena National Palace collection, the second from Vitrocentre Romont. The aims were to identify the materials used in the production of the glass, to find out more about their production origin and to characterize the glass paints. Both glass and the glass paints were analysed by particle-induced X-ray emission; the paints were additionally analysed by scanning electron microscopy-electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results show that the glass from both sets was probabl...
Heritage, Sep 8, 2023
Dalle de verre windows consist of thick slabs of coloured glass set in a matrix of reinforced con... more Dalle de verre windows consist of thick slabs of coloured glass set in a matrix of reinforced concrete. The invention of this special art form is closely linked to the developments in modern architecture in the first half of the 20th century that are characterized by using new technologies such as steel-frame construction, reinforced concrete and the increasing use of glass. Many of these windows are showing damage, some of it severe. Until now, the causes of damage have hardly been investigated and there is still no practical and suitable approach to the analysis of the state of conservation of dalle de verre glazings. One of the main objectives of an interdisciplinary project (2019)(2020)(2021) was therefore to evaluate the potential of non-destructive techniques for the characterisation of and identification of damage of dalle the verre windows in their structural, physical and climatic context. Various non-destructive methods (Ground-Penetrating Radar, Electric resistivity, Half-cell potential, Ultrasonics, Induction, Magnet and Thermography) have been tested on two prominent dalle de verre examples: the windows created by Fernand Léger for the church of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre in Courfaivre (Swiss Jura mountains) and the large tripartite by Alexandre Cingria once decorating the choir window church of the Franciscan monastery at Fribourg, Switzerland. The results of the analyses presented in this paper provide valuable information on the advantages and limitations as well as the costs of the methods used.
Les 406 fragments de verres a vitre datant du 5 e m e ou du 6 e m e siecle et trouves a l'egl... more Les 406 fragments de verres a vitre datant du 5 e m e ou du 6 e m e siecle et trouves a l'eglise paleochretienne de Sion, Sous-le-Scex sont parmi les ensembles les plus rares de cette periode. Le spectre des couleurs est large, mais les tons bleus et bleus-verts dominent. Le repertoire des formes est purement geometrique. Les resultats des etudes chimiques et technologiques ont demontre que la plupart des verres etaient produits en utilisant du verre recycle, particulierement comme agent colorant. Quelques-uns des verres sont faits essentiellement de verre brut provenant des ateliers primaires connus en Syrie-Palestine. La composition et la manufacture des verres a vitre correspondent a la technique hautement developpee de la production du verre romain. Les plaques de verre, fabriquees par coulage de la masse fondue, ont ete coupees suivant des formes geometriques. Ensuite, les pieces ont ete montees en vitraux mosaiques a l'aide de baguettes de plomb dans des cadres en bois. En ce qui concerne la fabrication des verres a vitre, deux scenarios sont envisageables: dans le premier, le verre brut a ete importe, puis fondu, coule et coupe localement. Dans le deuxieme, les plaques de verre ou des pieces prefabriquees ont ete importees et simplement assemblees sur place.
Backsteintechnologien in Mittelalter und Neuzeit, 2003
... Wenige Schichten aus vermörtelten Mauerziegeln Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zur Hers... more ... Wenige Schichten aus vermörtelten Mauerziegeln Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zur Herstellungstechnik 243 ... über die Dauer von 235 Stunden ab Beginn der Feuerung. ... mit einem kleinen Tonklumpen fixiert und von einem kleinen Mauerziegel der nächstfolgenden ...
Archaeometry, 2002
The aim of the present study is to determine the production technology of a particular type of la... more The aim of the present study is to determine the production technology of a particular type of large medieval brick. The firing temperature and their soak times are estimated using a combination of colour and fabric, as well as mineralogical, microstructural and open porosity analysis. A replication experiment was carried out in order to validate the estimated predictions, and to give a realistic idea of the time needed to dry and fire each large brick. The experiment also suggests the temperature distribution and firing atmosphere in the kiln, as well as providing an estimate of fuel consumption. Analytical results and replication both provide information to assess the production technology, the time parameters and the firing temperatures involved in the production of the medieval bricks of St. Urban.
Isotopic composition of glass from the Levant and the south-eastern Mediterranean Region Isotopic... more Isotopic composition of glass from the Levant and the south-eastern Mediterranean Region Isotopic composition of glass from the Levant and the south-eastern Mediterranean Region Ian C. Freestone, Sophie Wolf, Matthew Thirlwall Ian C. Freestone, Sophie Wolf, Matthew ...
Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada, Aug 23, 2017
The history and iconography of Swiss stained glass dating between the 16th and 18th centuries are... more The history and iconography of Swiss stained glass dating between the 16th and 18th centuries are well studied. However, the chemical and morphological characteristics of the glass and glass paints, particularly the nature of the raw materials, the provenance of the glass, and the technology used to produce it are less well understood. In this paper, we studied two sets of samples from stained-glass panels attributed to Switzerland, which date from the 16th to 17th centuries: the first set comes from Pena National Palace collection, the second from Vitrocentre Romont. The aims were to identify the materials used in the production of the glass, to find out more about their production origin and to characterize the glass paints. Both glass and the glass paints were analysed by particle-induced X-ray emission; the paints were additionally analysed by scanning electron microscopy-electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results show that the glass from both sets was probabl...