Soumen Choudhury - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Soumen Choudhury

Exploratory Animal and Medical Research, 2021

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of pre-exposure to arsenic and chromium eit... more The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of pre-exposure to arsenic and chromium either alone or in combination for 90 days on renal dysfunctions associated with type-2 obese diabetes. Further, an attempt was made to assess the ameliorative potential of ITK (Indian Traditional Knowledge) formulation against these disorders. Induction of diabetes in obese rats significantly (p<0.05) increased the fasting blood glucose levels which were further increased in arsenic pre-exposed animals. Significant elevation in the kidney injury biomarkers (serum BUN, serum creatinine, urinary albumin, creatinine) were also observed in these groups of animals. In addition, the mRNA expression of cystatin-3 in kidney tissues was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the arsenic pre-exposed animals. On the other hand, pre-exposure to chromium produced nephro-protective effect as evidenced by the improvement in altered biomarkers of kidney injury. Further, chromium was also found to reduce or dampen the arsenic-induced kidney injury when administered concurrently in obese diabetic rats. Oral administration of one ITK formulation also supported the nephro-protective effect of chromium and may be recommended to reduce diabetes associated complication.

Nutraceuticals, 2021

Abstract Globally, coffee is consumed as a functional beverage due to its nutraceutical value and... more Abstract Globally, coffee is consumed as a functional beverage due to its nutraceutical value and positive physiological effects. Coffee is an important source of several nutritious and therapeutic phytoconstituents including lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and nitrogenous compounds, along with bioactive compounds like cafestol and kahweol diterpenes, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid (CGA), which all possess great therapeutic potential. Coffee is claimed to be an ancient wonder drug that is endowed with a variety of phytobiomolecules of therapeutic potential. The bioavailability of green coffee beans (GCB) and their active principles need to be ameliorated by modern nanoencapsulation and coffee capsule techniques. The role of CGA, caffeine, and other components in a variety of ailments such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, hepatitis, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases has been well documented and supported using a mechanistic rationale. Furthermore, the risk–benefit ratio and health assessment need to be speculated on in the light of toxicological interventions and fortification of GCB with different permutations and combinations that could be obtained in the future.

Environmental pollution and injudicious use of drugs tend to proliferate the phenomenon of reduce... more Environmental pollution and injudicious use of drugs tend to proliferate the phenomenon of reduced efficiency of drugs. The term resistance thus implies decrease responsiveness towards the chemotherapeutic agents and other drugs to which an individual is prior sensitive at recommended dose level. Improper use and unethical implications of antibiotic therapy is also responsible for the same. The present article thus brief about the mechanism of resistance and their outward manifestations in the microorganisms.

Scientific Reports, 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases of dogs. Defects in the skin barri... more Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases of dogs. Defects in the skin barrier and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines may be the pathogenesis of canine AD. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the gene expression of certain skin barrier proteins and inflammatory cytokines in dogs with AD. Eleven dogs with AD and three healthy dogs were included in the present study. The skin barrier proteins, namely Filaggrin (FLG) and Involucrin (IVL), gene expression was quantified by Real-time PCR in the lesional skin tissues of the atopic dogs and normal skin of the healthy dogs. In addition to the skin proteins, the gene expressions of the interleukin (IL)-13, IL-31, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also quantified in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of these dogs. Compared to the healthy dogs, significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) FLG gene expression and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower expression of the IVL gene were quantified in the skin...

Journal of Tissue Viability, 2021

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Biological Trace Element Research, 2020

Hexavalent chromium, a well-known environmental toxicant, adversely affects female reproduction a... more Hexavalent chromium, a well-known environmental toxicant, adversely affects female reproduction and results in abnormal implantation, fetal resorption, and reduction in litter size. Uterine myogenic activity is under control of number of receptors and ion channels, and it regulates fetal-implantation and feto-maternal communication. Despite several known adverse effects of chromium on female reproduction, direct action of chromium on myometrial activity is yet to be understood. In the present study, the effect of in vitro exposure of hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI) on the myogenic activity of isolated myometrial strips of rats was evaluated after mounting the tissue in thermostatically (37 ± 0.5°C) controlled organ bath under a resting tension of 1 g. Chromium produced concentration-dependent (0.1 nM-0.1 mM) inhibitory effect on myometrial activity. Following pre-treatment of the myometrial strips with glibenclamide (a K ATP channel blocker) and 4-aminopyridine (a K v channel blocker), the concentrationresponse curve (CRC) of chromium was significantly (P < 0.05) shifted towards right with decrease in the maximum relaxant effect. Contractile effects of CaCl 2 and BAY K-8644 (a selective opener of L-type Ca 2+ channel) were significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated in the presence of chromium. Chromium-induced myometrial relaxation was also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the presence of ICI 118,551 (a selective β 2-antagonist) and SR 59230A (a selective β 3-antagonist). These findings evidently suggest that chromium produced relaxant effect on rat myometrium by interfering with Ca 2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels, and by interacting with beta-adrenoceptors (β 2 and β 3) and potassium channels (especially K ATP and K v channels).

Veterinary Parasitology, 2020

The proliferation of Demodex mites is mainly controlled by host immunity; however, the precised m... more The proliferation of Demodex mites is mainly controlled by host immunity; however, the precised mechanism of host-mite interplay and host immune response in the cutaneous microenvironment of dogs with generalized demodicosis (GD) are not yet established. In the present study, we envisaged the alterations in the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and immuno-regulatory cytokine gene in the skin lesions and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of dogs with GD. The expression of TLR2, TLR6, IFN-γ, TGF-β and IL-10 genes in the skin lesions and PBMCs of 15 dogs with GD was quantified by qRT-PCR. Compared to healthy dogs, significantly elevated expression of TLR2 (P = 0.048), TGF-β (P = 0.04) and IL-10 (P = 0.012) were found in the PBMCs of dogs with GD. Conversely, there was significantly reduced expression of TLR6 gene (P = 0.021) in the PBMCs of these dogs. The infested dogs also revealed significantly elevated expression of TLR2 gene (P = 0.034) in the skin lesions, while, the expression of the TLR6 gene was found to be significantly (P = 0.004) reduced. Interestingly, significant alterations in TGF-β (P = 0.105) and IL-10 (P = 0.162) genes expression were not observed in the skin lesions of diseased dogs. Our findings suggest that Demodex mites contribute to a different systemic and cutaneous immune response in dogs for their proliferation, and consequently the development of GD. Therefore, Demodex mites might be inducing the immunosuppression through activating the systemic overexpression of immunosuppressive cytokines; however, in the cutaneous lesions, the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines remained unaltered. Both systemic and local over-expression of TLR2 and reduced expression of TLR6 genes might be responsible for the inflammatory signs of canine demodicosis and helping to the mite to escape the host immunity.

Veterinary Parasitology, 2019

Overproliferation of Demodex mites in dogs with compromised immunity attributed to the developmen... more Overproliferation of Demodex mites in dogs with compromised immunity attributed to the development of canine demodecosis. Whether clinical signs of canine demodecosis are triggered by genetically-mediated specific immunodeficiency in dogs or the Demodex mites induce lesions in hair follicles and result in compromised immunity is yet to be fully explored. To unravel the concealments of immunosuppression in canine demodecosis the present study was aimed to estimate the levels of circulating cytokines, pre-and post-therapy in nine dogs with juvenile-onset generalized demodecosis. At day 60 post-therapy of recommended amitraz rinse, significant (p ≤ 0.02) reduction in circulating IL-10 level was observed compared to its level before the start of the therapy (day 0). However, significant alterations in circulating levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were not observed in these dogs at day 60 post-therapy as compared to their day 0 levels. A strong positive correlation between circulating level of IL-10 and mites population was observed both on day 0 (r 2 = 0.656; p ≤ 0.005) and day 60 post-therapy (r 2 = 0.575; p ≤ 0.018). Therefore, our findings suggest that Demodex mites induce immunosuppression in dogs during clinical disease and mites burden seems to be responsible for the development of generalized demodecosis.

Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2019

The present study was designed to assess the cardio-protective role of oleic acid in myocardial i... more The present study was designed to assess the cardio-protective role of oleic acid in myocardial injury (MI) induced by intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO) in rats for 2 consecutive days. Oleic acid (OA) was administered orally (@ 5 mg/kg b.wt and 10 mg/kg b.wt) for 21 days before inducing MI. Pre-exposure to OA at higher dose significantly improved the HW/ BW ratio, myocardial infarct size, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL-C) and cardiac injury biomarkers (LDH, CK-MB, cardiac troponin-I, MMP-9), thus suggesting its cardio-protective role. The ameliorative potential of the higher dose of OA was further substantiated by its ability to reduce the cardiac oxidative stress as evidenced by significant decrease in lipid peroxidation coupled with increase in superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione level. Significant decrease in heart rate as well as increase in RR and QT intervals in oleic acid pre-exposed rats were also observed. OA pre-treatment also reduced the histopathological alterations seen in myocardial injury group rats. The mRNA expression of cardiac UCP-2 gene, a regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, was significantly increased in oleic acid pre-exposure group compared to the ISO-induced myocardial injury group. Thus increase in expression of UCP-2 gene in cardiac tissue seems to be one of the protective measures against myocardial injury. Based on the above findings, it may be inferred that oleic acid possesses promising cardio-protective potential against myocardial injury due to its anti-oxidative property and ability to modulate cardiac metabolic processes.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2019

Present study was undertaken to unravel the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent rel... more Present study was undertaken to unravel the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxant pathways in uterine artery of non-pregnant buffaloes. Isometric tension of arterial rings was recorded using data acquisition system based polyphysiograph. Acetylcholine (ACh) produced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by releasing nitric oxide (NO), and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by L-NAME (300 μM) significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced the NO release and thereby the vasorelaxant effect of ACh. However, L-NMMA, another NOS inhibitor, and PTIO, a NO scavenger, did not have any additional inhibitory effect on NO and ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor (indomethacin) alone did not have any inhibitory action on vasorelaxant response to ACh; however, simultaneous inhibition of COX and NOS enzymes significantly ( P < 0.05) attenuated the relaxant response indicating the concurrent release of these two mediators in regulating ACh-induced relaxation. Besides NOS and COX-derived metabolites (EDRF), small (SK Ca ) and intermediate (IK Ca ) conductance K + channels being the members of EDHF play predominant role in mediating ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Using different molecular tools, existence of eNOS, COX-1, and , IK Ca in the endothelium, BK Ca in vascular smooth muscle, and SK Ca in both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle was demonstrated in buffalo uterine artery. Gene sequencing of COX-1 and SK Ca genes in uterine artery of buffaloes showed more than 97% structural similarity with ovine ( Ovis aries ), caprine ( Capra hircus ), and Indian cow ( Bos indicus ). Endothelium-independent nitrovasodilator, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), produced vasorelaxation which was sensitive to blockade by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor (ODQ), thus suggesting the important role of cGMP/PKG pathways in uterine vasorelaxation in buffaloes. Taken together, it is concluded that both endothelium-dependent (EDHF and EDRF) and endothelium-independent (sGC-cGMP) relaxant pathways are present in uterine arteries of non-pregnant buffaloes, and they differently contribute to vasorelaxation during non-pregnant state.

Veterinary Dermatology, 2019

Background-The pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex. Dysregulation of the cut... more Background-The pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex. Dysregulation of the cutaneous immune system is considered to be an important part of the allergic response. Exploration of association of interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-31, IgE and leukogram attributes with canine AD could provide novel insights into its immunopathology. Hypothesis/Objectives-To investigate possible associations of IL-17, IL-3, IgE and leukogram attributes of canine AD. Animals-17 dogs diagnosed with AD and six healthy dogs. Methods and materials-Circulating concentrations of IL-17, IL-31 and total IgE from sera samples were determined using commercial canine-specific quantitative immunoassay kits. Complete blood cell counts were analysed by an automated haematology analyser. Statistical differences between the two groups were determined using an unpaired t-test. The degree of relationship between the IL-17, IL-31, IgE, total leukocyte count (TLC) values and clinical signs scores (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index and pruritus Visual Analog Scale pVAS) was determined by Pearson's r correlation statistic. Results-Dogs with AD had significantly (P < 0.0001) higher circulating concentrations of IL-17, IL-31 and total IgE compared with healthy dogs. Dogs with AD also had significantly higher TLC (P < 0.0002), absolute neutrophils (P < 0.0001) and absolute eosinophils (P < 0.0001) counts, and percentage of neutrophils (P < 0.03) and eosinophils (P < 0.0001) compared with healthy controls. A significant positive correlation (r 2 = 0.396; P < 0.007) between the pVAS and IL-31 was observed in dogs with AD. Conclusions and clinical importance-Marked elevation in circulating IL-17, IL-31 and total IgE along with the abnormalities in leukogram may be associated with canine AD and could be possible targets in the therapeutic management of canine AD.

Biological Rhythm Research, 2019

The present experiment was conducted to examine whether the supplementation of different organic ... more The present experiment was conducted to examine whether the supplementation of different organic Cr sources would improve the performance of heat-stressed calves. Twenty-four female Hariana calves were divided into four treatments (six calves per treatment): (1) calves fed on basal diet (0 mg Cr/kg DM); (2) calves fed on basal diet supplemented with 1.0 mg Cr/kg DM as Cr-picolinate (Cr-Pic); (3) calves fed on basal diet supplemented with 1.0 mg Cr/kg DM as Cr-polynicotinate (Cr-Polynic); and (4) calves fed on basal diet supplemented with 1.0 mg Cr/kg DM as Cr-yeast (Cr-Yeast). Supplementation of different sources of organic Cr did not alter the physiological response, feed utilization and growth performance of heat-stressed calves during 120-day experimental period. Nutrient digestibility and absorption of Cu, Fe and Mn were also found similar among the groups; however, utilization of Zn and Cr was higher (P< 0.05) in Cr-supplemented calves. This study suggests that the supplementation of different sources of Cr at 1.0 mg/kg DM improves the utilization of Zn and Cr (P< 0.05) in Crsupplemented calves.

Pharmacological reports : PR, Jan 19, 2018

Endocannabinoids level are reported to increase in sepsis, however, the role of vascular cannabin... more Endocannabinoids level are reported to increase in sepsis, however, the role of vascular cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) in sepsis-induced vascular hyporeactivity is yet to be unravelled. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture in mice. Isometric tension in isolated aortic rings during early (6 h) and late (20 h) phases of sepsis was recorded and expression of mRNA of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) was investigated. Sepsis significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the mean survival time in mice along with increase in bacterial load in blood and peritoneal lavage. Compared to SO mice, vascular reactivity to nor-adrenaline (NA) was significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated in both early and late phases of sepsis. NA-induced vasoconstriction was significantly (p < 0.05) potentiated by inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) and attenuated by inhibition of MAGL in SO mice. Pre-incubation with KT 109, a DAGL inhibitor, significantly ...

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2018

Sepsis is the systemic inflammatory response syndrome that occurs during infection and is exacerb... more Sepsis is the systemic inflammatory response syndrome that occurs during infection and is exacerbated by the inappropriate immune response encountered by the affected individual. Despite extensive research, sepsis in humans is one of the biggest challenges for clinicians. The high mortality rate in sepsis is primarily due to hypoperfusion-induced multiorgan dysfunctions , resulting from a marked decrease in peripheral resistance. Vascular dysfunctions are further aggravated by sepsis-induced impairment in myocardial contractility. Circulatory failure in sepsis is characterized by refractory hypotension and vascular hyporeactivity (vasoplegia) to clinically used vasoconstrictors. To investigate the complex pathophysiology of sepsis and its associated multiple organ dysfunction, several animal models have been developed. However, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of murine sepsis is still considered as 'gold standard' in sepsis research. In this protocol we have describe...

BMC veterinary research, Jan 6, 2017

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a member of the gasotransmitters family, is known to play patho-physiolo... more Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a member of the gasotransmitters family, is known to play patho-physiological role in different body systems including during pregnancy. But its involvement in myometrial spontaneity and associated signalling pathways in uterus in non-pregnant animals is yet to be studied. Present study describes the effect of L-cysteine, an endogenous H2S donor, on isolated myometrial strips of non-pregnant buffaloes and the underlying signaling mechanism(s). L-cysteine (10 nM-30 mM) produced concentration-dependent contractile effect on buffalo myometrium which was extracellular Ca2+ and L-type calcium channels-dependent. Significant rightward shift of dose-response curve of L-cysteine was observed with significant decrease in maxima in the presence of amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA; 100 μM) and d, l-propargylglycine (PAG; 100 μM), the specific blockers of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), respectively. Existence of CBS enzyme of 63 kDa and CSE of...

Theriogenology, Jan 13, 2017

Cellular coupling of beta3-adrenoceptors (β3-ADR) to potassium channels in myometrium is largely ... more Cellular coupling of beta3-adrenoceptors (β3-ADR) to potassium channels in myometrium is largely unknown. In vitro study was undertaken to unravel the presence of β3-adrenergic receptors (ADR) and the role of K+-channels in mediating β3-ADR-induced relaxation in isolated myometrial strips from cyclic non-pregnant water buffaloes. Isometric tension was recorded in isolated myometrial strips using data acquisition system based physiograph. Compared to SR 59230A, BRL 37344 was found to be more potent in inducing β3-dependent myometrial relaxation which was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited in the presence of β3 antagonist, SAR 150640. The immunoreactive protein to β3-ADR was also detected in membrane fraction of myometrial protein. Further, incubation with BRL 37344 (10 μM) significantly (p < 0.05) increased c-AMP accumulation (37.58 ± 9.52 pmol/mg protein; n = 4) in the myometrial strips compared to basal c-AMP level (16.85 ± 3.87 pmol/mg protein; n = 4). The concentration resp...

Journal of ethnopharmacology, Jan 2, 2017

Bacterial endometritis is one of the major causes of reproductive disorders including infertility... more Bacterial endometritis is one of the major causes of reproductive disorders including infertility in farm animals. Antibiotics are generally used for treatment of such disorders but now a days residues of antibiotics are of great public health concern, therefore, phytoremediation is being considered as an alternative to use of antibiotics. Present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of Eucalyptus robusta leaves methanolic extract against endometritis along with the possible mechanism of action especially targeting inflammatory biomarkers. Bacterial endometritis was produced using clinical isolates of E. coli and Staphyloccocus aureus from bovines (cows and buffaloes) endometritis cases. After seven days of inoculation of the mixed bacterial culture, endometritis was confirmed based on the presence of visible pus and edema, thinning of endometrial lining and presence of large number of polymorphonuclear cells and bacterial load in uterine flushing. Female Wistar rats wer...

Animal Reproduction Science, 2017

Please cite this article in press as: Sharma, A., et al., Extra and intracellular calcium signali... more Please cite this article in press as: Sharma, A., et al., Extra and intracellular calcium signaling pathway(s) differentially regulate histamine-induced myometrial contractions during early and mid-pregnancy stages in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

European Journal of Pharmacology, 2015

Lung is one of the vital organs which is affected during the sequential development of multi-orga... more Lung is one of the vital organs which is affected during the sequential development of multi-organ dysfunction in sepsis. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether combined treatment with atorvastatin and imipenem could attenuate sepsis-induced lung injury in mice. Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture. Lung injury was assessed by the presence of lung edema, increased vascular permeability, increased inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Treatment with atorvastatin along with imipenem reduced the lung bacterial load and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) level in BALF. The markers of pulmonary edema such as microvascular leakage and wet-dry weight ratio were also attenuated. This was further confirmed by the reduced activity of MPO and ICAM-1 mRNA expression, indicating the lesser infiltration and adhesion of inflammatory cells to the lungs. Again, expression of mRNA and protein level of iNOS in lungs was also reduced in the combined treatment group. Based on the above findings it can be concluded that, combined treatment with atorvastatin and imipenem dampened the inflammatory response and reduced the bacterial load, thus seems to have promising therapeutic potential in sepsis-induced lung injury in mice.

Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2015

The groundwater pollutant arsenic can cause various cardiovascular disorders. Angiotensin II, a p... more The groundwater pollutant arsenic can cause various cardiovascular disorders. Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, plays an important role in vascular dysfunction by promoting changes in endothelial function, vascular reactivity, tissue remodeling and oxidative stress. We investigated whether modulation of angiotensin II signaling and redox homeostasis could be a mechanism contributing to arsenic-induced vascular disorder. Rats were exposed to arsenic at 25, 50 and 100 ppm of sodium arsenite through drinking water consecutively for 90 days. Blood pressure was recorded weekly. On the 91st day, the rats were sacrificed for blood collection and isolation of thoracic aorta. Angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II levels were assessed in plasma. Aortic reactivity to angiotensin II was assessed in organ-bath system. Western blot of AT 1 receptors and G protein (Ga q/11), ELISA of signal transducers of MAP kinase pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were assessed in aorta. Arsenic caused concentration-dependent increase in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure from the 10th, 8th and 7th week onwards, respectively. Arsenic caused concentration-dependent enhancement of the angiotensin II-induced aortic contractile response. Arsenic also caused concentration-dependent increase in the plasma levels of angiotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme and the expression of aortic AT 1 receptor and Ga q/11 proteins. Arsenic increased aortic protein kinase C activity and the concentrations of protein tyrosine kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Further, arsenic increased aortic mRNA expression of Nox2, Nox4 and p22phox, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS generation. The results suggest that arsenic-mediated enhancement of angiotensin II signaling could be an important mechanism in the arsenic-induced vascular disorder, where ROS could augment the angiotensin II signaling through activation of MAP kinase pathway.