Sparsh Mehra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sparsh Mehra

To do different types of things with different people is the meaning of Entrepreneurship. There ... more To do different types of things with different people is the meaning of Entrepreneurship. There are different types of Entrepreneurship in world. The big and rich people invest or start up with big mills whereas the others would open the shops in the best possible place where they could earn more and more money to expand their business. They main aim of Entrepreneurship is to expand the business by the ideas so that one could make as much as they can. It was stated by Elizabeth Amini who is the, CEO and co-founder of Anti-Aging Games LLC that “people who are thinking about starting their own business should understand that successful entrepreneurship involves much more than having a great concept”. This is an online games company. She is moreover professor at the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business. The business must be organised and the risk would be present in this. More risk is more profit.

On November 2016, the Indian government took a decision for demonetisation of rupees 500 and 100... more On November 2016, the Indian government took a decision for demonetisation of rupees 500 and 1000 rupee notes which was the highest level of notes in India. These notes accounted total number of 86% of the countries that supply. The government introduce this policy to fight taxation and eliminate black money and to finish the terrorist financing activities in India. Demonetisation is done in overall economic development for India. The main focus of the Government of India is to make India cashless economy through the financial inclusion measures such as bank payments that bank transactions on my transactions Internet banking NEFT and RTGS. In this paper I will first explain that what the meaning demonetisation is. As India has 750 million card users on the ATM channel so therefore, card payment system in India should initially be improved. It can be only being improved if the proper infrastructure is there. In this paper, I will explain that what are the problems which India is facing related to the cashless economy. There is an un-even participate of profile in India and the public sector banks. It can be only be improved if the proper infrastructure is there. In this paper I will explain that what the problems which India is are facing related to the cashless economy. There is an un-even participate of profile in India and the public sector banks. I will further discuss the problems which are taking place in the online transactions and non leading to the increase in the cyber crime and human error. The illiterate people lack the power to assess to online transactions and moreover there are only 70% of the people who have those bank accounts. Electricity plays a very key role in the smooth implementations of the cashless economy. With the increasing problems of electric city there are the chances of failures of online transaction. The agricultural sector is also facing a lot of problem related to the online banking system and with the growing of fake notes the terror activities are being supported. These all problems will be discussed in this paper. And at last the confusion will be returned which according to to me will be the best way to fight through all these problems.

There were new horizons related to the judicial review. In the case of Kesavananda Bharati vs Sta... more There were new horizons related to the judicial review. In the case of Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala , the majority of charges which were held by the parliament do not have any power to interfere with order to cause damage the basic structure of constitution. This led the parliament to amend the constitution. The major problem which is discussed in India is that, whether the court have the power to review the constitutional amendment or not.

The government has three main organs that are legislature, executive and judiciary. The laws are ... more The government has three main organs that are legislature, executive and judiciary. The laws are made by legislature. The requirement of these laws is the duty of executive. These laws are connected to particular cases by the judiciary. There is relationship between these 3 organs, i.e. the legislature, executive and the judiciary. These all are deal with the doctrine of Separation of Powers. Constitution of India is responsible for the functioning of these three organs. Constitution insures that there is a proper balance between all three organs. This is done with the help of separation of powers. Along this doctrine this principle holds extraordinary significance in keeping up a precise working of the government. the major question at present which arises is whether India takes after this doctrine in an inflexible way or does it accommodate an adaptable working of this doctrine? This paper will first explain the meaning of the doctrine and its analysis. Moreover the important and allocation of doctrine will also be explained.

The privatization of airports started from last 30 years. Initially, airports have evolved mainly... more The privatization of airports started from last 30 years. Initially, airports have evolved mainly as government-run enterprises. Now, many airports seek privatization in part to improve their abilities to compete in the new global economy. The trend of privatization of airports started when the British Airports Authority (BAA) begin to sell their own airports. India has also followed this trend by privatizing its airports since 2006. Reasons to privatize an airport include an improved ability for an airport to diversify its operations to enhance profitability, to fund expansion, and to improve competitiveness. The basic reason for countries to introduce privatization in this field was to build airports according to the international standard. One of the main reasons for privatization was that airport charges in India were 70 percent higher than the world average.

An important issue in an arbitral process is the choice of law which governs an arbitration agree... more An important issue in an arbitral process is the choice of law which governs an arbitration agreement. This paper will discuss the issue of law governing arbitration agreement. First, I will discuss the different kinds of law that applies to an arbitration agreement and will further go on to discuss in detail the law governing arbitration agreement. I will discuss the doctrine of severability which makes it possible for the law governing the substantive contract and the law governing arbitration agreement to be different. The contentious arises if there is no explicit mention of the law governing arbitration agreement. The second part of the paper deals with how to determine the law governing the arbitration agreement. I will throw light on the famous Sulamérica test devised by the English courts to determine the law governing arbitration agreement and will go on to discuss the position in India. In the third of the paper, I will present my analysis on the more viable approach. I will then provide a conclusion.

Execution of Unprivileged Bills comes under Section 63 of Indian Succession Act. It is a type of... more Execution of Unprivileged Bills comes under Section 63 of Indian Succession Act. It is a type of document in which a document in which an executor is appointed by testator so that his estate could be managed and moreover his work is to distribute the estate among beneficiaries. When the testator’s will is made legally valid it is known as Execution of Will. A will is a legal document and is signed various formalities as stated under the legislation.

Since the 1970s, society began to define violence against women as a distinct phenomenon rather t... more Since the 1970s, society began to define violence against women as a distinct phenomenon rather than a means of grouping offenses by particular victim characteristics. It has been an important issue in mid 1970’s and later part of the decade. It has long been a problem, in times of peace and war. This violence ranges from very mild teasing to rape and murder, and takes place at home, in the streets, at work places, jails, in short everywhere. Throughout most of history, rape was not viewed as a crime because women were considered property, and, therefore, without rights.. The anti-rape movement also took place in this period against the erroneous and preposterous judgement delivered by the apex court of India.. The movement started as the people’s anger for the judgement who demanded certain statutory changes that should favour the diseased and not the perpetrator. The movement gained a lot of support in terms of people’s participation and received the colossal recognition in the media. The movement was successful in making its presence visible. The researcher apart from analysing the movement would also focus on the question whether the change in laws was enough for resolving the issue of violence against women.

In today’s world the technologies are shadowing at advanced rate and this is resulting in failure... more In today’s world the technologies are shadowing at advanced rate and this is resulting in failure of laws, activities, regulations and authorities. In this paper i would explain the “Right to Privacy in the Dawn of Information and Communication Technology”. Many rights are used in the communication like freedom of communication, media, expression and much more.

The rise of globalization, industrialization and advanced model of development has resulted in in... more The rise of globalization, industrialization and advanced model of development has resulted in increase in environmental conflicts all over the world. The nature and its resources are depleting day by day. The greed to exploit the resources is not coming to an end rather it has increased in this era of competition in economic independency. The race to exploit the resources has resulted in adverse impacts on the environment. The impacts are highly disappointing like depletion of ozone layer, water pollution, soil erosion, loss to flora and fauna, deforestation, decrease in vegetation cover, endangered species, etc.

Our Constitution definitely does guarantee the citizens of India certain fundamental rights, that... more Our Constitution definitely does guarantee the citizens of India certain fundamental rights, that are assumed to be derived out of the natural rights that are possessed by human beings by virtue of being a part of civilized society. It is said that the existence of these rights date back to before the existence of ‘State’, and therefore, the State cannot violate these rights. Hence, we can derive that if there is no State against which these fundamental rights can be enforced, there is no benefit of these rights existing in the first place!

In legal sense the word indemnity is used in many senses. In this the promise is done by the prom... more In legal sense the word indemnity is used in many senses. In this the promise is done by the promisee so as to insure that the loss must not be caused to the promisee by third person.

The legislations governing the subject matter of competition Law before the competition Act, 2002... more The legislations governing the subject matter of competition Law before the competition Act, 2002 came to be enforced was the Monopolies and trade restrictive Act 1969. The major excerpts in this act were influenced by the Monopolies and trade restrictive (Inquiry and Control) Act, 1948 of UK. The primary focus of this act was to curb monopolies in the market. With time it was realised that the major issue was not relating to curbing monopolies but it just formed a part ultimate goal of healthy competition. Thus the focus shifted from withholding from creating monopolies to promoting healthy competition 9in the market. The finance minister in his budget speech in the year 1999 stated that India must shift its focus from curbing monopolies to promoting competition. This became the objective of the new act and led to the enactment of The Competition Act,2002 which came into effect in the year 2009.

The main objective of the criminal justice system in most countries is to protect the rights of t... more The main objective of the criminal justice system in most countries is to protect the rights of the individual and the State against the infringement of basic social norms and commission of offences against it by other private individuals, industries, or corporations. The actions or negligence of such entities gives rise to a criminal liability on their part, which is sought to be satisfied by punishing them in accordance with the law, such as through sentences of imprisonment.
However, criminal courts do have a limited ability to grant compensation to victims. The primary reason for this is that it allows victims, who may face economic barriers or lack of awareness, to get compensation without resorting to civil litigation and undue hardships. This paper analyzes the victim compensation mechanism in criminal courts with regard to the Code of Criminal Procedure, focusing primarily on the Magistrates' Courts. Further, it also examines the dichotomy between the provisions in the Cr.P.C., and judicial developments in this area.

Regulatory economics examines public policies for dealing with problems arising in markets in whi... more Regulatory economics examines public policies for dealing with problems arising in markets in which competitive forces are weak. The focus is on monopolies, oligopolies, cartels, and other environments where market mechanisms are unlikely to produce outcomes that benefit consumers more than the alternatives involving costly government intervention. The two main areas examined are competition policy and economic regulation. Competition policy refers to laws that define certain market behaviour as illegal because it is harmful to competition or fails to provide consumer benefits that justify its costs to consumers. Economic regulation refers to policies in which government controls prices and/or decides the terms and conditions under which firms can participate in a market. A growing area of study and policy design is the introduction of market mechanisms into formerly regulated industries such as: telecommunications, electricity, airlines, railroads, postal delivery services and environmental regulation. By and large, the economic legal system provides a fair, equitable, and transparent framework for both employers and employees. The Indian Contract Act and the Negotiable Instruments Act are both considered top of the legal charts. A fair understanding of at least these two laws is essential for doing business in India. Economic regulation, a form of government intervention designed to influence the behaviour of firms and individuals in the private sector. Other forms include public expenditures, taxes, government ownership, loans and loan guarantees, tax expenditures, equity interests in private companies and moral suasion.

In many countries the Sports are considered as a religion. This paper talks about the history of ... more In many countries the Sports are considered as a religion. This paper talks about the history of sports that how sports became so important in every persons life and how it grew so many fans. This paper contains the wordings of some of the famous person all around the world. This paper also talks about the how sports became religion for many people. The difference between leisure time and religious time is given in this paper. It also talks about the religious books sayings. This paper cover matters in every aspect of sports related to the restrictions in games, equipments etc. This petition which was filed under NCAA is also give. This petition was related to the equipments in sports. It contains the sports fight related to religion and the comments which were passed on the religion basis. It also talks about the appeals which were made to change momentum that gained in 2011 from the Iranian authorities and supported by the Asian Football Confederation through FIFA vice president Jordan’s Prince Ali Bin Al Hussein and the United Nations. The decision paves the way for Muslim women to wear the hijab, Sikhs to wear the turban and Jewish players to wear the kippah without fear of any rule violation. It also contains the major issues and the decisions which have been took so far to resolve these issues.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances lead to the various illness among people and are dange... more Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances lead to the various illness among people and are dangerous intonation and entire mankind. Accidents and the Healthcare cause a great effect to the economy of a Country. The cultivation of narcotic plants and the processing of drugs have made an adverse effect on the environment and these are carried out in the remote places. In this Paper, I will discuss issues related to the ban cultivation of drugs. Cultivation of drugs causes and danger to the flora and fauna and leads to ecological imbalance Because of the change in the socio-economic values and priorities, related to the drug abuse situation in our Country is changing fast. In India, the laws related to the Narcotic Drugs were made very early. The Opium Act, 1857 and the Opium Act, 1878 made by British government to protect and controls the activities related to the opium in India. In 1989, NDPS Act was strengthening as its first amendment was made in that year. It was further amended in 2001.
Moreover, in this paper I will discuss the various issues related to drug abuse in India. Besides this, I will discuss the objectives of Drug Control and its Policy under the NDPS Act and the measures taken by the Government to control the drug abusage in the country. There are various chapters in NDPS Act. I will discuss some of the chapters in this paper. Chapter 2 provides information of the drug usage in the country whereas; Chapter 3 gives the historical background of international legal control on drugs and psychotropic substances. There are various topics in these chapters which are written in this paper. I will discuss more about the provisions of Section 41 42 and 43 which are in chapter 5 of the act which deals with the procedure of issue of warrant. Lastly I will discuss about epidemiology related to the regional studies and national studies.

India is fastest developing economy is in the world, with the complexity is like infrastructure n... more India is fastest developing economy is in the world, with the complexity is like infrastructure networks which are changing drastically. People are trying to change your life and the shifting from rural areas to urban areas. In this paper I will discuss about the Smart City mission which was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2015. I will furthur discuss the smart solutions and Strategies for making a city smart. There are two stages for making a city smart which will be discussed in this paper. Then I will further discuss about the cities like Puducherry and other cities which have been involved in the smart cities projects As Maharashtra government signed an agreement with the Canada to implement lion for the infrastructure I will further discuss about this agreement and the agreement which was find between Japan and India in making Chennai, Ahmedabad and Varanasi smart cities. Further I will discuss about the financing of the smart cities and issues related to the plan for implementation ending with the conclusion.

One of the most influential and striking features of the so-called “modern world” is the rise of ... more One of the most influential and striking features of the so-called “modern world” is the rise of nation and nation states. Nationalism is a concept that goes hand in hand with the concept of nation. While nationalism has no universally accepted definition, it can be defined as, “a shared group feeling in the significance of a geographical and sometimes demographic region seeking independence for its culture or ethnicity that holds that group together.” Nationalism has played a pivotal role in many momentous events in modern history, like World War I, World War II and the independence movements in Africa and Asia. The root cause of all these events can be found in this elusive concept of nation and nationalism. Nationalism has been the subject of numerous debates and it has been classified into many categories. The subject of this essay is to analyse the different forms of nationalism and its impact on the world; both present and past.