Sports Medicine Crimson Publishers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sports Medicine Crimson Publishers

Crimson Publishers, 2022

Since the end of the war in 1990, extensive efforts have been made in Lebanon to revive the econo... more Since the end of the war in 1990, extensive efforts have been made in Lebanon to revive the economy and rebuilt the national infrastructure [1]. However, 30 years after the Lebanese civil war, the socio-economic situation in the country seems as bad as ever. Today, Lebanon is struggling to survive both an economic and political crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic and the consequences of the blast few months ago. The Lebanese are injured from the bottom of their heart.

Crimson Publishers, 2022

Communication is a fundamental skill in all teamwork organizations. In team sports, the argument ... more Communication is a fundamental skill in all teamwork organizations. In team sports, the argument is possible to occur, and that might lead to negative consequences on the team. Therefore, it is important to create a healthy environment among team members to avoid issues that might result in poor performance. Building a strong team relies on multiple
psychological skills that help athletes to work together in one team. A team sport player is required to collaborate with his or her teammates in order to accomplish team goals. Poor communication skills cause some issues, such as misunderstanding between team members. On the other hand, effective communication skills aid athletes to better understand each other and build a strong relationship between team members. In soccer, the level of the communication reflects the image of the relationships between the team members and this leads to better or worse performance.

Crimson Publishers, 2022

Communication is a fundamental skill in all teamwork organizations. In team sports, the argument ... more Communication is a fundamental skill in all teamwork organizations. In team sports, the argument is possible to occur, and that might lead to negative consequences on the team. Therefore, it is important to create a healthy environment among team members to avoid issues that might result in poor performance. Building a strong team relies on multiple
psychological skills that help athletes to work together in one team. A team sport player is required to collaborate with his or her teammates in order to accomplish team goals. Poor communication skills cause some issues, such as misunderstanding between team members. On the other hand, effective communication skills aid athletes to better understand each other and build a strong relationship between team members. In soccer, the level of the communication reflects the image of the relationships between the team members and this leads to better or worse performance.

Crimson Publishers, 2022

Sports in the 21 st Century is not a male dominating recreational domain in the form of primary, ... more Sports in the 21 st Century is not a male dominating recreational domain in the form of primary, secondary as well tertiary involvements. Participation in sports and health related exercise or physical subcultures has sufficient instances of women's participation specially in urban city contexts. It has many psychological (mental Health) and physical benefits and should be encouraged in girls and women of all age groups. However, the dramatic increase in participation of women in main stream sports and physical culture has enhanced our awareness of some of the medical and orthopedic issues as well as problems that may result. Today, women are participating in sports at all levels in significant or record members. This role changes have significantly improved both the athletic opportunities and the competitive sports for today's young female sports persons and athletes. The historical genesis of gender issues in sports participation reflects that the Victorian era had significant impact on women's participation in health and exercise.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is rare, commonly overlooked, and characterized by the compr... more Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is rare, commonly overlooked, and characterized by the compression of the popliteal artery via the surrounding myofascial structures. Presented is a 28-year-old active-duty male service member with unilateral exertional left lower extremity pain, paresthesia, and discoloration. Popliteal musculoskeletal and Doppler ultrasound showed normal anatomy with functional compression of the popliteal artery by the medial head of the gastrocnemius. This is the first case in current literature to report ultrasound-guided dry needling to the medial head of the gastrocnemius as novel treatment for functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Cupping therapy is becoming a popular therapeutic modality employed by athletic trainers and othe... more Cupping therapy is becoming a popular therapeutic modality employed by athletic trainers and other allied healthcare professionals. It uses negative pressure to reduce pain, increase blood flow, and improve muscle function. Like many other therapeutic interventions, adverse effects related to cupping therapy treatment can occur. The majority of these effects-particularly muscle soreness-are mild and similar to those encountered in other treatments. While severe adverse events following treatment with cupping therapy have been reported, these events are rare and can often be explained by poor clinician education or flawed methodology. The risks associated with cupping therapy are comparable to, and sometimes fewer than, those associated with other contemporary therapeutic interventions. Proper clinician education, methodology, patient education, and patient communication are crucial when attempting to mitigate the risk of adverse effects related to cupping therapy.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Background: The study aims to investigate and evaluate the impacts of energy drink and ergogenic ... more Background: The study aims to investigate and evaluate the impacts of energy drink and ergogenic aid use among athletes and examine the possible results of these consumptions. Materials and methods: In the search for scientific literature related to this review the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) used MEDLINE and Sport Discus data and the terms "energy drink", "ergogenic aid", "physical activity" and ''sports drink ''were used. The relevant literature has also taken its source from the research of relevant articles from reference lists derived from data studies. Results: Energy drinks are known to enhance performance. However, they also pose a possible threat to the athletes' health. The consequences of energy drink use may result in a variety of disorders such as nervousness, headaches, nausea, organ damage, cardiac disorders, and even sudden death. Conclusion: Achieving top athletic performance is the primary goal for every athlete. For this reason, the use of ergogenic aids is a very common choice among athletes. Water and minerals lost by athletes during exercise and competitions should be replaced with water consumption and sports drinks

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Copyright © Cage SA RISM.000676. 8(1).2021 mental health effects as a result of the pandemic whil... more Copyright © Cage SA RISM.000676. 8(1).2021 mental health effects as a result of the pandemic while participating in their role as frontline healthcare workers. Further research is underway to evaluate the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 [1-4]. To date, no publications appear to be available on attitudes toward recently authorized COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the attitudes of athletic trainers toward COVID-19 vaccination. Methods Design This cross-sectional study collected data by internet-based survey as approved by the University of Texas at Tyler IRB.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The aim of this research is studying the deterrent factors of physical activities of female stude... more The aim of this research is studying the deterrent factors of physical activities of female student nurses. This research is of survey-descriptive type and executed in a fielding form, by using “carol and Alexander’s
standard questionnaire”, “physical activities deterrence’s” (α=0.85). Statistical universe of this research are practitioner female student nurses with the approximate capacity of 285 people, according to Morgan’s
table 165 people were chosen as sample using Random cluster sampling method. Was performed using the Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and post hoc LSD tests (α=0.05). Data analysis done by using
SPSS19 software.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic affected the entire world as well as football. When the virus reached Europ... more The Covid-19 pandemic affected the entire world as well as football. When the virus reached Europe, it caused the postponement of football matches during the 2019-2020 season. After the postponement, the remaining matches played under Covid-19 restrictions. Some of them affected leagues were the Turkish Super League (TSL), Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, and Serie A. In these five leagues before pandemic restrictions, 1269 competitions were played with an audience; under pandemic restrictions, 483 matches were played without an audience. Among Covid-19 restrictions, the most substantial constraint for soccer matches was playing matches without an audience. There are several types of research on audience effects on footballers and referees [1-4]. Previous studies have asserted that home teams have an advantage with the audience majority [1,5-8]. Marek et al. [9] indicated that Super League Greece was the most affected league by home advantage, the least affected was the Football League Fourth Division of England [9]. In 2007, some soccer teams played without an audience owing to safety restrictions. Analysis of that period showed the referee decisions were affected by the audience [10]. The derbies played in the same stadium were analyzed, and the results showed that there was a significant audience effect on players' performance [11]. The results for leagues served as a significant resource for researchers during the 2019/2020 Covid-19 season. Research showed the factors (e.g., particular tactics, referee bias, travel effects, and local conditions) that affected the matches during the Covid-19 season [12]. In Bundesliga, the number of fouls and aerial duels was higher during restriction term matches [13]. Another study on Bundesliga showed that the number of cards that players

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Current literature suggests that Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexua... more Current literature suggests that Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA) athletic trainers encounter difficulties in their workplace given their status as minorities. Previous studies have examined the attitudes of athletic trainers towards LGBTQIA patients but have not looked into attitudes of athletic trainers and coaches towards LGBTQIA athletic trainers. However, in order to effectively assess these attitudes, it is important to have a valid and reliable instrument to
do so. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the scores on the LGB-KASH and Shortened Workplace Incivility Scale among credentialed athletic trainers in the state of Texas.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The International Ski Federation (FIS) implemented new ski regulation prior to the 2012/2013 seas... more The International Ski Federation (FIS) implemented new ski regulation prior to the 2012/2013 season for men and women and for the men again prior to the 2017/2018 season in an effort to increase skiers' safety in the Giant Slalom (GS) event in the Alpine World Cup (WC). At present, no study has investigated how these changes impacted total race times, gate-to-gate times or number of gates per race. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate how the regulation changes have affected these parameters. Data were collected from the official result lists, by the FIS, for the GS event during 15 WC seasons

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Exercises that involve the release of anabolic and catabolic hormone such as testosterone and cor... more Exercises that involve the release of anabolic and catabolic hormone such as testosterone and cortisol will result in little to no accumulation of muscle mass but will burn lots of calories in the process of enhancing cardiovascular fitness. Since the benefits of exercise are virtually all hormonally mediated, it follows logically that manipulating levels of key hormones in the body can produce exaggerated responses to exercise. An example is the use of synthetic testosterone hormone in athletes [1]. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of progressive endurance training with salvia officinalis extract on TSH, T3, T4, testosterone and cortisol in obese men students. Excessive adiposity increases oxidative stress, and thus may play a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of obesity-associated comorbidities, in particular atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. Improved body composition, through exercise training and diet, may therefore significantly contribute to a reduction in oxidative stress. Further, some foods high in antioxidants (e.g., salvia officinalis) provide additional defense against oxidation [2,3]. Salvia officinalis is a plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. It is indigenous to Southeast Asia, and for centuries has been an important ingredient in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Unani-tibb herbal medicines for the treatment of different diseases. It has been widely speculated that salvia officinalis might be beneficial to human health because it exerts antioxidant activity. The main components of salvia officinalis are 6-salvia officinalis ol, 6-shogaol, 8-salvia officinalis ol, and 10-salvia

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Studies show that breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and second cancer death aft... more Studies show that breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and second cancer death after lung cancer worldwide, especially in developed [1,2]. Statistics of breast cancer in Western countries, according to some reports, this rate was not less than 120 per hundred thousand people, which is even higher than in some Western countries [3]. Breast cancer prognosis and choice of treatment depends on several factors. The most important factor in smoking, obesity, age at menarche, oral contraceptive pill, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, involvement of axillary lymph nodes, the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, P53, protein, cathepsin D and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 [4-6]. It is a multifactorial disease and breast cancers are hormonal status, reproductive history, previous breast disease, anthropometric measures, demographic and family history of breast or ovarian cancer risk associated [7-10]. World Health Organization recently declared that 25 percent of breast cancer in the world has announced the result of overweight and sedentary lifestyle [11]. It is clear that obesity is a risk factor for developing breast cancer in postmenopausal women [12,13]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated to increase the incidence of breast cancer and adipose tissue is

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The number of studies on the positive effects of exercise on health is increasing day by day. The... more The number of studies on the positive effects of exercise on health is increasing day by day. The data show that 31.1% of adults in the world's population are physically inactive. It has been shown that 51.6% of the American population meet aerobic activity suggestions, 29.3% fulfill muscle-strengthening recommendations and 20.6% meet both. In Turkey, many types of research related to this field have been published in national publications. This study aims to compile research on exercise and health, published in national journals in Turkey. Thus, this study will provide an overview of studies on health and exercise in Turkey. Besides, in this study, the levels of exercise habits of people living, working, or studying in various cities of Turkey have been reviewed.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The importance of water homeostasis is extremely important. Maintaining hydration, the state of p... more The importance of water homeostasis is extremely important. Maintaining hydration, the state of preserving body water within its optimal homeostatic range, is essential to sustain life. Water is an essential nutrient and contributes 50-70% of total body mass. An assessment of hydration during physical activity can prevent dehydration, which impairs physical and cognitive performance. A 2% body mass loss is a recognized threshold beyond which exercise dehydration impairs exercise performance. Liquid needs for recreational sports and physical activity are individual and are rarely higher than 500ml of hypotonic fluid per hour. If fluid requirements are low, concentrated sports drinks (providing energy intake) can help sustain exercise performance. Overhydration could be dangerous and can result in hyponatremia. Individual evaluation of water needs is important. In warm environmental conditions, an individual nutrition and hydration plan is crucial for the health and optimal performance and using existing recommendations in clinical sports nutrition to prevent over-and dehydration.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Aim: the aim of the present study is to evaluate the transfer of motor skills from Virtual Realit... more Aim: the aim of the present study is to evaluate the transfer of motor skills from Virtual Reality (VR) to Real Environment (RE). Methodology: participants included students who were divided into two groups of VR and RE according to their pre-test scores. Findings: The results of ANOVA with repeated measurements and MANOVA depicted significant improvement is both groups at the learning phase. Moreover, the positive transfer and lateral transfer from right hand to the left hand in table tennis were happened in both groups. Conclusion: sometimes, even better than the "RE", VR can be an efficient tool in learning and teaching motor skills as it acquires easy modifiable setting.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

According to the anthropologist's games and sports are basically recreational patterns of culture... more According to the anthropologist's games and sports are basically recreational patterns of culture in society. As the sporting events always need specific health and mind, sports are bio-cultural issue, too. Every performance in the specific sport event requires the preparation of health and mind, both have a psychological basis. It is worth mentioning that myths and superstitious about sport performance almost always have a psychological issue. There are lots of examples support this inseparable truth. A male player would not share until his team loses. A coach wears the same shirt to all games. Sports announcers and sports commentators of the attribute changes in competitive performance to some psychological factors. Often pregame orations by coaches are said to psych up a team. Thus, Sport Psychology is the sport science that seems most to intrigue the average sport enthusiast [1].

Crimson Publishers, 2021

In terms of its structure, basketball belongs to a group of more complex sports. The game itself ... more In terms of its structure, basketball belongs to a group of more complex sports. The game itself requires an exchange of high and low intensity activities. Along with the basic technical and tactical knowledge, the players’ success also depends on a high level of cognitive and conative personality traits as well as physical fitness and well-developed motor skills. Motor skills enable fast, strong, precise or coordinated performance of motor tasks [1].

Crimson Publishers, 2021

In 2016, the National Football League (NFL) settled almost 1 billion dollars over thousands of la... more In 2016, the National Football League (NFL) settled almost 1 billion dollars over thousands of lawsuits regarding Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI), better known as concussion. Today, the settlement is still ongoing. This came after new insight in recent years about the longterm consequences of concussions including Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). A study published in JAMA in 2017 showed that 110 of 111 former NFL players had CTE evident on brain autopsy [1]. This helped further fuel mainstream media attention on concussion in contact sports. Naturally, this has raised questions over risk to children in athletics. Organized sports have long been an integral piece of American culture and upbringing. Football has gained the most attention for highest incidence of concussion, however many other sports pose significant risk of concussion including soccer, lacrosse, baseball, softball, ice hockey, and others [2]. For over 2 decades, there have been guidelines and sideline assessment tools (i.e., SCAT5) available to coaches, trainers and physicians to assess athletes after head trauma [3]. It has not been until more recent years that emphasis has been placed on training school professionals and parents who have more continued contact with children. This was seen with the CDC's HEADS UP initiative which began in 2003 with educating health care professionals and has rapidly expanded to school-wide programs and partnerships with large

Crimson Publishers, 2022

Since the end of the war in 1990, extensive efforts have been made in Lebanon to revive the econo... more Since the end of the war in 1990, extensive efforts have been made in Lebanon to revive the economy and rebuilt the national infrastructure [1]. However, 30 years after the Lebanese civil war, the socio-economic situation in the country seems as bad as ever. Today, Lebanon is struggling to survive both an economic and political crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic and the consequences of the blast few months ago. The Lebanese are injured from the bottom of their heart.

Crimson Publishers, 2022

Communication is a fundamental skill in all teamwork organizations. In team sports, the argument ... more Communication is a fundamental skill in all teamwork organizations. In team sports, the argument is possible to occur, and that might lead to negative consequences on the team. Therefore, it is important to create a healthy environment among team members to avoid issues that might result in poor performance. Building a strong team relies on multiple
psychological skills that help athletes to work together in one team. A team sport player is required to collaborate with his or her teammates in order to accomplish team goals. Poor communication skills cause some issues, such as misunderstanding between team members. On the other hand, effective communication skills aid athletes to better understand each other and build a strong relationship between team members. In soccer, the level of the communication reflects the image of the relationships between the team members and this leads to better or worse performance.

Crimson Publishers, 2022

Communication is a fundamental skill in all teamwork organizations. In team sports, the argument ... more Communication is a fundamental skill in all teamwork organizations. In team sports, the argument is possible to occur, and that might lead to negative consequences on the team. Therefore, it is important to create a healthy environment among team members to avoid issues that might result in poor performance. Building a strong team relies on multiple
psychological skills that help athletes to work together in one team. A team sport player is required to collaborate with his or her teammates in order to accomplish team goals. Poor communication skills cause some issues, such as misunderstanding between team members. On the other hand, effective communication skills aid athletes to better understand each other and build a strong relationship between team members. In soccer, the level of the communication reflects the image of the relationships between the team members and this leads to better or worse performance.

Crimson Publishers, 2022

Sports in the 21 st Century is not a male dominating recreational domain in the form of primary, ... more Sports in the 21 st Century is not a male dominating recreational domain in the form of primary, secondary as well tertiary involvements. Participation in sports and health related exercise or physical subcultures has sufficient instances of women's participation specially in urban city contexts. It has many psychological (mental Health) and physical benefits and should be encouraged in girls and women of all age groups. However, the dramatic increase in participation of women in main stream sports and physical culture has enhanced our awareness of some of the medical and orthopedic issues as well as problems that may result. Today, women are participating in sports at all levels in significant or record members. This role changes have significantly improved both the athletic opportunities and the competitive sports for today's young female sports persons and athletes. The historical genesis of gender issues in sports participation reflects that the Victorian era had significant impact on women's participation in health and exercise.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is rare, commonly overlooked, and characterized by the compr... more Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is rare, commonly overlooked, and characterized by the compression of the popliteal artery via the surrounding myofascial structures. Presented is a 28-year-old active-duty male service member with unilateral exertional left lower extremity pain, paresthesia, and discoloration. Popliteal musculoskeletal and Doppler ultrasound showed normal anatomy with functional compression of the popliteal artery by the medial head of the gastrocnemius. This is the first case in current literature to report ultrasound-guided dry needling to the medial head of the gastrocnemius as novel treatment for functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Cupping therapy is becoming a popular therapeutic modality employed by athletic trainers and othe... more Cupping therapy is becoming a popular therapeutic modality employed by athletic trainers and other allied healthcare professionals. It uses negative pressure to reduce pain, increase blood flow, and improve muscle function. Like many other therapeutic interventions, adverse effects related to cupping therapy treatment can occur. The majority of these effects-particularly muscle soreness-are mild and similar to those encountered in other treatments. While severe adverse events following treatment with cupping therapy have been reported, these events are rare and can often be explained by poor clinician education or flawed methodology. The risks associated with cupping therapy are comparable to, and sometimes fewer than, those associated with other contemporary therapeutic interventions. Proper clinician education, methodology, patient education, and patient communication are crucial when attempting to mitigate the risk of adverse effects related to cupping therapy.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Background: The study aims to investigate and evaluate the impacts of energy drink and ergogenic ... more Background: The study aims to investigate and evaluate the impacts of energy drink and ergogenic aid use among athletes and examine the possible results of these consumptions. Materials and methods: In the search for scientific literature related to this review the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) used MEDLINE and Sport Discus data and the terms "energy drink", "ergogenic aid", "physical activity" and ''sports drink ''were used. The relevant literature has also taken its source from the research of relevant articles from reference lists derived from data studies. Results: Energy drinks are known to enhance performance. However, they also pose a possible threat to the athletes' health. The consequences of energy drink use may result in a variety of disorders such as nervousness, headaches, nausea, organ damage, cardiac disorders, and even sudden death. Conclusion: Achieving top athletic performance is the primary goal for every athlete. For this reason, the use of ergogenic aids is a very common choice among athletes. Water and minerals lost by athletes during exercise and competitions should be replaced with water consumption and sports drinks

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Copyright © Cage SA RISM.000676. 8(1).2021 mental health effects as a result of the pandemic whil... more Copyright © Cage SA RISM.000676. 8(1).2021 mental health effects as a result of the pandemic while participating in their role as frontline healthcare workers. Further research is underway to evaluate the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 [1-4]. To date, no publications appear to be available on attitudes toward recently authorized COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the attitudes of athletic trainers toward COVID-19 vaccination. Methods Design This cross-sectional study collected data by internet-based survey as approved by the University of Texas at Tyler IRB.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The aim of this research is studying the deterrent factors of physical activities of female stude... more The aim of this research is studying the deterrent factors of physical activities of female student nurses. This research is of survey-descriptive type and executed in a fielding form, by using “carol and Alexander’s
standard questionnaire”, “physical activities deterrence’s” (α=0.85). Statistical universe of this research are practitioner female student nurses with the approximate capacity of 285 people, according to Morgan’s
table 165 people were chosen as sample using Random cluster sampling method. Was performed using the Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and post hoc LSD tests (α=0.05). Data analysis done by using
SPSS19 software.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic affected the entire world as well as football. When the virus reached Europ... more The Covid-19 pandemic affected the entire world as well as football. When the virus reached Europe, it caused the postponement of football matches during the 2019-2020 season. After the postponement, the remaining matches played under Covid-19 restrictions. Some of them affected leagues were the Turkish Super League (TSL), Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, and Serie A. In these five leagues before pandemic restrictions, 1269 competitions were played with an audience; under pandemic restrictions, 483 matches were played without an audience. Among Covid-19 restrictions, the most substantial constraint for soccer matches was playing matches without an audience. There are several types of research on audience effects on footballers and referees [1-4]. Previous studies have asserted that home teams have an advantage with the audience majority [1,5-8]. Marek et al. [9] indicated that Super League Greece was the most affected league by home advantage, the least affected was the Football League Fourth Division of England [9]. In 2007, some soccer teams played without an audience owing to safety restrictions. Analysis of that period showed the referee decisions were affected by the audience [10]. The derbies played in the same stadium were analyzed, and the results showed that there was a significant audience effect on players' performance [11]. The results for leagues served as a significant resource for researchers during the 2019/2020 Covid-19 season. Research showed the factors (e.g., particular tactics, referee bias, travel effects, and local conditions) that affected the matches during the Covid-19 season [12]. In Bundesliga, the number of fouls and aerial duels was higher during restriction term matches [13]. Another study on Bundesliga showed that the number of cards that players

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Current literature suggests that Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexua... more Current literature suggests that Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA) athletic trainers encounter difficulties in their workplace given their status as minorities. Previous studies have examined the attitudes of athletic trainers towards LGBTQIA patients but have not looked into attitudes of athletic trainers and coaches towards LGBTQIA athletic trainers. However, in order to effectively assess these attitudes, it is important to have a valid and reliable instrument to
do so. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the scores on the LGB-KASH and Shortened Workplace Incivility Scale among credentialed athletic trainers in the state of Texas.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The International Ski Federation (FIS) implemented new ski regulation prior to the 2012/2013 seas... more The International Ski Federation (FIS) implemented new ski regulation prior to the 2012/2013 season for men and women and for the men again prior to the 2017/2018 season in an effort to increase skiers' safety in the Giant Slalom (GS) event in the Alpine World Cup (WC). At present, no study has investigated how these changes impacted total race times, gate-to-gate times or number of gates per race. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate how the regulation changes have affected these parameters. Data were collected from the official result lists, by the FIS, for the GS event during 15 WC seasons

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Exercises that involve the release of anabolic and catabolic hormone such as testosterone and cor... more Exercises that involve the release of anabolic and catabolic hormone such as testosterone and cortisol will result in little to no accumulation of muscle mass but will burn lots of calories in the process of enhancing cardiovascular fitness. Since the benefits of exercise are virtually all hormonally mediated, it follows logically that manipulating levels of key hormones in the body can produce exaggerated responses to exercise. An example is the use of synthetic testosterone hormone in athletes [1]. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of progressive endurance training with salvia officinalis extract on TSH, T3, T4, testosterone and cortisol in obese men students. Excessive adiposity increases oxidative stress, and thus may play a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of obesity-associated comorbidities, in particular atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. Improved body composition, through exercise training and diet, may therefore significantly contribute to a reduction in oxidative stress. Further, some foods high in antioxidants (e.g., salvia officinalis) provide additional defense against oxidation [2,3]. Salvia officinalis is a plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. It is indigenous to Southeast Asia, and for centuries has been an important ingredient in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Unani-tibb herbal medicines for the treatment of different diseases. It has been widely speculated that salvia officinalis might be beneficial to human health because it exerts antioxidant activity. The main components of salvia officinalis are 6-salvia officinalis ol, 6-shogaol, 8-salvia officinalis ol, and 10-salvia

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Studies show that breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and second cancer death aft... more Studies show that breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and second cancer death after lung cancer worldwide, especially in developed [1,2]. Statistics of breast cancer in Western countries, according to some reports, this rate was not less than 120 per hundred thousand people, which is even higher than in some Western countries [3]. Breast cancer prognosis and choice of treatment depends on several factors. The most important factor in smoking, obesity, age at menarche, oral contraceptive pill, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, involvement of axillary lymph nodes, the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, P53, protein, cathepsin D and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 [4-6]. It is a multifactorial disease and breast cancers are hormonal status, reproductive history, previous breast disease, anthropometric measures, demographic and family history of breast or ovarian cancer risk associated [7-10]. World Health Organization recently declared that 25 percent of breast cancer in the world has announced the result of overweight and sedentary lifestyle [11]. It is clear that obesity is a risk factor for developing breast cancer in postmenopausal women [12,13]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated to increase the incidence of breast cancer and adipose tissue is

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The number of studies on the positive effects of exercise on health is increasing day by day. The... more The number of studies on the positive effects of exercise on health is increasing day by day. The data show that 31.1% of adults in the world's population are physically inactive. It has been shown that 51.6% of the American population meet aerobic activity suggestions, 29.3% fulfill muscle-strengthening recommendations and 20.6% meet both. In Turkey, many types of research related to this field have been published in national publications. This study aims to compile research on exercise and health, published in national journals in Turkey. Thus, this study will provide an overview of studies on health and exercise in Turkey. Besides, in this study, the levels of exercise habits of people living, working, or studying in various cities of Turkey have been reviewed.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

The importance of water homeostasis is extremely important. Maintaining hydration, the state of p... more The importance of water homeostasis is extremely important. Maintaining hydration, the state of preserving body water within its optimal homeostatic range, is essential to sustain life. Water is an essential nutrient and contributes 50-70% of total body mass. An assessment of hydration during physical activity can prevent dehydration, which impairs physical and cognitive performance. A 2% body mass loss is a recognized threshold beyond which exercise dehydration impairs exercise performance. Liquid needs for recreational sports and physical activity are individual and are rarely higher than 500ml of hypotonic fluid per hour. If fluid requirements are low, concentrated sports drinks (providing energy intake) can help sustain exercise performance. Overhydration could be dangerous and can result in hyponatremia. Individual evaluation of water needs is important. In warm environmental conditions, an individual nutrition and hydration plan is crucial for the health and optimal performance and using existing recommendations in clinical sports nutrition to prevent over-and dehydration.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

Aim: the aim of the present study is to evaluate the transfer of motor skills from Virtual Realit... more Aim: the aim of the present study is to evaluate the transfer of motor skills from Virtual Reality (VR) to Real Environment (RE). Methodology: participants included students who were divided into two groups of VR and RE according to their pre-test scores. Findings: The results of ANOVA with repeated measurements and MANOVA depicted significant improvement is both groups at the learning phase. Moreover, the positive transfer and lateral transfer from right hand to the left hand in table tennis were happened in both groups. Conclusion: sometimes, even better than the "RE", VR can be an efficient tool in learning and teaching motor skills as it acquires easy modifiable setting.

Crimson Publishers, 2021

According to the anthropologist's games and sports are basically recreational patterns of culture... more According to the anthropologist's games and sports are basically recreational patterns of culture in society. As the sporting events always need specific health and mind, sports are bio-cultural issue, too. Every performance in the specific sport event requires the preparation of health and mind, both have a psychological basis. It is worth mentioning that myths and superstitious about sport performance almost always have a psychological issue. There are lots of examples support this inseparable truth. A male player would not share until his team loses. A coach wears the same shirt to all games. Sports announcers and sports commentators of the attribute changes in competitive performance to some psychological factors. Often pregame orations by coaches are said to psych up a team. Thus, Sport Psychology is the sport science that seems most to intrigue the average sport enthusiast [1].

Crimson Publishers, 2021

In terms of its structure, basketball belongs to a group of more complex sports. The game itself ... more In terms of its structure, basketball belongs to a group of more complex sports. The game itself requires an exchange of high and low intensity activities. Along with the basic technical and tactical knowledge, the players’ success also depends on a high level of cognitive and conative personality traits as well as physical fitness and well-developed motor skills. Motor skills enable fast, strong, precise or coordinated performance of motor tasks [1].

Crimson Publishers, 2021

In 2016, the National Football League (NFL) settled almost 1 billion dollars over thousands of la... more In 2016, the National Football League (NFL) settled almost 1 billion dollars over thousands of lawsuits regarding Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI), better known as concussion. Today, the settlement is still ongoing. This came after new insight in recent years about the longterm consequences of concussions including Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). A study published in JAMA in 2017 showed that 110 of 111 former NFL players had CTE evident on brain autopsy [1]. This helped further fuel mainstream media attention on concussion in contact sports. Naturally, this has raised questions over risk to children in athletics. Organized sports have long been an integral piece of American culture and upbringing. Football has gained the most attention for highest incidence of concussion, however many other sports pose significant risk of concussion including soccer, lacrosse, baseball, softball, ice hockey, and others [2]. For over 2 decades, there have been guidelines and sideline assessment tools (i.e., SCAT5) available to coaches, trainers and physicians to assess athletes after head trauma [3]. It has not been until more recent years that emphasis has been placed on training school professionals and parents who have more continued contact with children. This was seen with the CDC's HEADS UP initiative which began in 2003 with educating health care professionals and has rapidly expanded to school-wide programs and partnerships with large