Srijan Singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Srijan Singh

Newborn, Oct 7, 2022

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human pathogen of the α-herpesvirus family. Some fetuses infect... more Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human pathogen of the α-herpesvirus family. Some fetuses infected in utero around 8-20 weeks of pregnancy show signs of congenital varicella syndrome (CVS). Infants born to mothers who develop varicella within 5 days before and 2 days after delivery can experience severe disease with increased mortality. The best diagnostic modality is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which can be done using vesicular swabs or scrapings, scabs from crusted lesions, tissue from biopsy samples, and cerebrospinal fluid. The prevention and management of varicella infections include vaccination, anti-VZV immunoglobulin, and specific antiviral drugs. In this article, we have reviewed the characteristics of VZV, clinical manifestations, management of perinatal infections, and short-and long-term prognosis.

Hearing loss in infancy leads to preventable speech, language, and cognitive developmental delay ... more Hearing loss in infancy leads to preventable speech, language, and cognitive developmental delay [1, 2]. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is caused by damages, problems, or issues related to the inner ear such as the cochlea with or without the auditory nerve; cranial nerve VIII, involvement. There are three anatomic areas which include the outer ear: composed of the auricle and external auditory canal and the middle ear: which includes the tympanic membrane, ossicles, and the middle ear space, the inner ear: composed of the cochlea, semi-circular canals, and internal auditory canals. The unique anatomical shape of the auricle catches the incoming sound waves to send them down the external auditory canal. Hearing risk assessment should be part of all health visits while regular hearing screening checks are done for all children from 4 to 21 years [1, 2]. Assessment of hearing loss includes history, physical examination and specific hearing assessment tests.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics

In preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is us... more In preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is usually provided using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) or non-invasive mechanical ventilation after surfactant administration by INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (INSURE) method. Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is a mode of NIV with advantages of ease of application, less grades of nasal injury and easy handling. This study was done to compare the effectiveness of HHHFNC therapy administration as post-INSURE respiratory support in preterm infants as compared to NCPAP. The primary outcome was to compare the rate of treatment failure within 7 days of randomization to HHHFNC or NCPAP as a post-INSURE ventilatory modality. It was a pilot trial wherein all preterm infants more than 1 kg and more than 28 weeks gestational age with RDS who required surfactant were randomized to receive NCPAP or HHHFNC. Infants with an urgent need for intubation and mechanical ...

Acta Scientific Paediatrics, 2021

Ohtahara syndrome (OS) is an epileptic syndrome with onset in neonatal period and has many clinic... more Ohtahara syndrome (OS) is an epileptic syndrome with onset in neonatal period and has many clinicoelectrical characteristics, of which age dependency and evolutional change is specific. The most specific EEG feature is the suppression burst (SB). This pattern is characterized by high voltage bursts alternating with flat suppression phases at a regular rate. A term neonate presented with seizures on day three of life. Seizures were intractable. Metabolic workup for seizures was normal. Extended panel neurometabolic screen was normal and neuroimaging did not reveal any structural abnormality. EEG showed burst suppression pattern suggestive of ohtahara syndrome. Virtually all reported cases of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) are secondary to a congenital or acquired structural malformation of cortical development. The etiology of this syndrome remains obscure. All children with EIEE should be thoroughly investigated with MRI, CSF amino acid level determination, and detailed postmortem neuropathologic examination.

Newborn

Enteroviruses (EVs) are major pathogens in young infants. These viruses were traditionally classi... more Enteroviruses (EVs) are major pathogens in young infants. These viruses were traditionally classified into the following four subgenera: polio, coxsackie A and B, and echoviruses. Now that poliomyelitis seems to be controlled in most parts of the world, coxsackie and echoviruses are gaining more attention because (i) the structural and pathophysiological similarities and (ii) the consequent possibilities in translational medicine. Enteroviruses are transmitted mainly by oral and fecal-oral routes; the clinical manifestations include a viral prodrome including fever, feeding intolerance, and lethargy, which may be followed by exanthema; aseptic meningitis and encephalitis; pleurodynia; myopericarditis; and multi-system organ failure. Laboratory diagnosis is largely based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, cell culture, and serology. Prevention and treatment can be achieved using vaccination, and administration of immunoglobulins and antiviral drugs. In this article, we have reviewed the properties of these viruses, their clinical manifestations, and currently available methods of detection, treatment, and prognosis.

International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2018

Background: The continuously growing population not only hampers the socio-economic development b... more Background: The continuously growing population not only hampers the socio-economic development but the health of mothers and newborns. Progress made in improving social development in addition to strengthening the ongoing family planning programme will contribute towards the future pace of fertility and decline in unmet need. Objective of present study to assess the unmet need for family planning and role of socio-demographic factors among rural women. Methods: The present study was community based cross-sectional study conducted in rural area of Haryana from September 2015 to August 2016 among 500 currently married women (18-49 years). Results: The unmet need for family planning was 19.2% (4.8% spacing and 14.4% limiting). Education, occupation and SES were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning. The commonest reason for not using contraception among those with unmet need was fear of side-effects (37.5%) followed by in-laws disapproval (21.9%). Conclusions: ...

Unmet need for family planning is a valuable concept that is widely used for advocacy, developmen... more Unmet need for family planning is a valuable concept that is widely used for advocacy, development of family planning policies, implementation and monitoring of family planning programmes worldwide. Women with unmet need are those who are fecund and sexually active but are not using any method of contraception, and report not wanting any more children or wanting to delay the next child. Once derived, the figure of unmet need for family planning can be broken down into unmet need for spacing (women who want a child after two or more years) and unmet need for limiting (women who want no more children).

Background: India has been grappling with the problem of declining sex ratio. While the total pop... more Background: India has been grappling with the problem of declining sex ratio. While the total population of India has been growing at an alarming rate over the past 50 years, the number of women relative to the number of men has been steadily falling. Gender discrimination is a social evil and preference for the boy child is a matter of concern all over the world. Couples in developing countries tend to have higher fertility either because of poor access to contraceptives or due to gender preference for a particular sex. Objective: To study the gender preference and fertility intentions of women in reproductive age group. Methods- Community based cross sectional study among 250 mothers (15-49yrs) having children under 5years of age in an urban area of Rohtak (Haryana) from March 2015 to April 2015. Results: Out of the 250 study subjects, majority of the women i.e. 71.5% of APL women and 76.3% of BPL women preferred to have a son and daughter. Women who had atleast one son showed a l...

Indian Journal of Child Health

Teratomas are germ cell neoplasms that can occur in the cervical and craniofacial regions. A male... more Teratomas are germ cell neoplasms that can occur in the cervical and craniofacial regions. A male neonate, antenatally diagnosed with intraoral cystic lesion, presented with a large 5 cm × 5 cm cystic swelling at birth arising from the palate. Alpha-fetoprotein levels of the patient were >1000 IU/L and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels were <0.9 mIU/ml. Computed tomography neck showed a cystic hypodense lesion of palatal origin measuring 4.9 cm × 4.3 cm × 4.6 cm. The baby developed respiratory distress at around 10 min of life and underwent coablation-assisted cyst excision of the lesion. Histopathology revealed mature cystic teratoma. Postoperatively, the baby was mechanically ventilated for 2 days and subsequently weaned off respiratory support.

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, May 26, 2018

Concept of unmet need for family planning Unmet need for family planning is a valuable concept th... more Concept of unmet need for family planning Unmet need for family planning is a valuable concept that is widely used for advocacy, development of family planning policies and the implementation and monitoring ABSTRACT Unmet need represents the gap between women's reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behavior. There are some 225 million women in the world who want to use safe and effective family planning methods are unable to do so. Control over fertility is very important not only because of its far-reaching implications on prosperity and overall growth of the nation, but also because of its impact on the freedom of young women to lead life of their own choice. Reduction in unmet need for family planning is critical for the overall development of the society. Combination of the mutually reinforcing effects of investments in education, health and family planning programmes is needed.

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Apr 28, 2018

Background: India’s continuously growing population has been a matter of serious concern and obst... more Background: India’s continuously growing population has been a matter of serious concern and obstacle in socioeconomic development. Family planning is beneficial for both individuals and the society. Objective was to assess the family planning practices and its determinants among currently married women of rural Haryana.Methods: The present study was community based cross-sectional study conducted in rural area of Haryana from September 2015 to August 2016 among 500 currently married women (18-49 years).Results: 54.6% of the participants were using contraceptives among which female sterilization was the commonest. Age, occupation, type of family, number of sons, concordance between husband and wife and knowledge of contraceptives was significantly associated with contraceptive use. The commonest reason for not using contraception was desiring to get pregnant (28.2%) and not considering it necessary (15%).Conclusions: Contraceptive usage was low and male participation in family planning was negligible.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Nosocomial infection cause significant health issues and economic loss to the patient... more Background: Nosocomial infection cause significant health issues and economic loss to the patients as well as the health care facilities. To combat hospital acquired infections, hospitals need an effective method of disinfection and sterilization which can be taken care by the central sterile supply department (CSSD). The objective of establishing a CSSD is to make reliably sterilized articles available at the required time and place. Aim and objectives were to study the organization and workflow management of CSSD of a tertiary care institution.Methods: This observational study was carried out from February 2018 to April 2018. An observation checklist was used for the purpose of study after obtaining permission from appropriate authorities.Results: CSSD of the institution is centrally located within the hospital premises and has 11 staff members. Linen, cotton, dressings, instruments and trays are sterilized in the CSSD. Sterilization is done by steam sterilization and gas steriliz...

Indian Journal of Child Health

Introduction: Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are the most common cause of obstructive uropathy ... more Introduction: Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in boys. While most patientsin developed countries are diagnosed in the antenatal period, our patients often present late which adversely affects their outcome.This retrospective study was aimed to study the clinical profile of boys with PUV at follow-up. Methods: Records of 45 boyswith PUV who were in follow-up for at least 1-year were retrieved between February and December 2015. Age of presentation,signs and symptoms, anthropometry, radiological findings, surgical interventions, and biochemical investigations were recordedin a pre-structured pro forma. The data were later analyzed on an Excel spreadsheet. Results: The mean age at the diagnosisof PUV was 16

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 2019

Newborn, Oct 7, 2022

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human pathogen of the α-herpesvirus family. Some fetuses infect... more Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human pathogen of the α-herpesvirus family. Some fetuses infected in utero around 8-20 weeks of pregnancy show signs of congenital varicella syndrome (CVS). Infants born to mothers who develop varicella within 5 days before and 2 days after delivery can experience severe disease with increased mortality. The best diagnostic modality is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which can be done using vesicular swabs or scrapings, scabs from crusted lesions, tissue from biopsy samples, and cerebrospinal fluid. The prevention and management of varicella infections include vaccination, anti-VZV immunoglobulin, and specific antiviral drugs. In this article, we have reviewed the characteristics of VZV, clinical manifestations, management of perinatal infections, and short-and long-term prognosis.

Hearing loss in infancy leads to preventable speech, language, and cognitive developmental delay ... more Hearing loss in infancy leads to preventable speech, language, and cognitive developmental delay [1, 2]. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is caused by damages, problems, or issues related to the inner ear such as the cochlea with or without the auditory nerve; cranial nerve VIII, involvement. There are three anatomic areas which include the outer ear: composed of the auricle and external auditory canal and the middle ear: which includes the tympanic membrane, ossicles, and the middle ear space, the inner ear: composed of the cochlea, semi-circular canals, and internal auditory canals. The unique anatomical shape of the auricle catches the incoming sound waves to send them down the external auditory canal. Hearing risk assessment should be part of all health visits while regular hearing screening checks are done for all children from 4 to 21 years [1, 2]. Assessment of hearing loss includes history, physical examination and specific hearing assessment tests.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics

In preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is us... more In preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is usually provided using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) or non-invasive mechanical ventilation after surfactant administration by INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (INSURE) method. Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is a mode of NIV with advantages of ease of application, less grades of nasal injury and easy handling. This study was done to compare the effectiveness of HHHFNC therapy administration as post-INSURE respiratory support in preterm infants as compared to NCPAP. The primary outcome was to compare the rate of treatment failure within 7 days of randomization to HHHFNC or NCPAP as a post-INSURE ventilatory modality. It was a pilot trial wherein all preterm infants more than 1 kg and more than 28 weeks gestational age with RDS who required surfactant were randomized to receive NCPAP or HHHFNC. Infants with an urgent need for intubation and mechanical ...

Acta Scientific Paediatrics, 2021

Ohtahara syndrome (OS) is an epileptic syndrome with onset in neonatal period and has many clinic... more Ohtahara syndrome (OS) is an epileptic syndrome with onset in neonatal period and has many clinicoelectrical characteristics, of which age dependency and evolutional change is specific. The most specific EEG feature is the suppression burst (SB). This pattern is characterized by high voltage bursts alternating with flat suppression phases at a regular rate. A term neonate presented with seizures on day three of life. Seizures were intractable. Metabolic workup for seizures was normal. Extended panel neurometabolic screen was normal and neuroimaging did not reveal any structural abnormality. EEG showed burst suppression pattern suggestive of ohtahara syndrome. Virtually all reported cases of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) are secondary to a congenital or acquired structural malformation of cortical development. The etiology of this syndrome remains obscure. All children with EIEE should be thoroughly investigated with MRI, CSF amino acid level determination, and detailed postmortem neuropathologic examination.

Newborn

Enteroviruses (EVs) are major pathogens in young infants. These viruses were traditionally classi... more Enteroviruses (EVs) are major pathogens in young infants. These viruses were traditionally classified into the following four subgenera: polio, coxsackie A and B, and echoviruses. Now that poliomyelitis seems to be controlled in most parts of the world, coxsackie and echoviruses are gaining more attention because (i) the structural and pathophysiological similarities and (ii) the consequent possibilities in translational medicine. Enteroviruses are transmitted mainly by oral and fecal-oral routes; the clinical manifestations include a viral prodrome including fever, feeding intolerance, and lethargy, which may be followed by exanthema; aseptic meningitis and encephalitis; pleurodynia; myopericarditis; and multi-system organ failure. Laboratory diagnosis is largely based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, cell culture, and serology. Prevention and treatment can be achieved using vaccination, and administration of immunoglobulins and antiviral drugs. In this article, we have reviewed the properties of these viruses, their clinical manifestations, and currently available methods of detection, treatment, and prognosis.

International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2018

Background: The continuously growing population not only hampers the socio-economic development b... more Background: The continuously growing population not only hampers the socio-economic development but the health of mothers and newborns. Progress made in improving social development in addition to strengthening the ongoing family planning programme will contribute towards the future pace of fertility and decline in unmet need. Objective of present study to assess the unmet need for family planning and role of socio-demographic factors among rural women. Methods: The present study was community based cross-sectional study conducted in rural area of Haryana from September 2015 to August 2016 among 500 currently married women (18-49 years). Results: The unmet need for family planning was 19.2% (4.8% spacing and 14.4% limiting). Education, occupation and SES were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning. The commonest reason for not using contraception among those with unmet need was fear of side-effects (37.5%) followed by in-laws disapproval (21.9%). Conclusions: ...

Unmet need for family planning is a valuable concept that is widely used for advocacy, developmen... more Unmet need for family planning is a valuable concept that is widely used for advocacy, development of family planning policies, implementation and monitoring of family planning programmes worldwide. Women with unmet need are those who are fecund and sexually active but are not using any method of contraception, and report not wanting any more children or wanting to delay the next child. Once derived, the figure of unmet need for family planning can be broken down into unmet need for spacing (women who want a child after two or more years) and unmet need for limiting (women who want no more children).

Background: India has been grappling with the problem of declining sex ratio. While the total pop... more Background: India has been grappling with the problem of declining sex ratio. While the total population of India has been growing at an alarming rate over the past 50 years, the number of women relative to the number of men has been steadily falling. Gender discrimination is a social evil and preference for the boy child is a matter of concern all over the world. Couples in developing countries tend to have higher fertility either because of poor access to contraceptives or due to gender preference for a particular sex. Objective: To study the gender preference and fertility intentions of women in reproductive age group. Methods- Community based cross sectional study among 250 mothers (15-49yrs) having children under 5years of age in an urban area of Rohtak (Haryana) from March 2015 to April 2015. Results: Out of the 250 study subjects, majority of the women i.e. 71.5% of APL women and 76.3% of BPL women preferred to have a son and daughter. Women who had atleast one son showed a l...

Indian Journal of Child Health

Teratomas are germ cell neoplasms that can occur in the cervical and craniofacial regions. A male... more Teratomas are germ cell neoplasms that can occur in the cervical and craniofacial regions. A male neonate, antenatally diagnosed with intraoral cystic lesion, presented with a large 5 cm × 5 cm cystic swelling at birth arising from the palate. Alpha-fetoprotein levels of the patient were >1000 IU/L and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels were <0.9 mIU/ml. Computed tomography neck showed a cystic hypodense lesion of palatal origin measuring 4.9 cm × 4.3 cm × 4.6 cm. The baby developed respiratory distress at around 10 min of life and underwent coablation-assisted cyst excision of the lesion. Histopathology revealed mature cystic teratoma. Postoperatively, the baby was mechanically ventilated for 2 days and subsequently weaned off respiratory support.

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, May 26, 2018

Concept of unmet need for family planning Unmet need for family planning is a valuable concept th... more Concept of unmet need for family planning Unmet need for family planning is a valuable concept that is widely used for advocacy, development of family planning policies and the implementation and monitoring ABSTRACT Unmet need represents the gap between women's reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behavior. There are some 225 million women in the world who want to use safe and effective family planning methods are unable to do so. Control over fertility is very important not only because of its far-reaching implications on prosperity and overall growth of the nation, but also because of its impact on the freedom of young women to lead life of their own choice. Reduction in unmet need for family planning is critical for the overall development of the society. Combination of the mutually reinforcing effects of investments in education, health and family planning programmes is needed.

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Apr 28, 2018

Background: India’s continuously growing population has been a matter of serious concern and obst... more Background: India’s continuously growing population has been a matter of serious concern and obstacle in socioeconomic development. Family planning is beneficial for both individuals and the society. Objective was to assess the family planning practices and its determinants among currently married women of rural Haryana.Methods: The present study was community based cross-sectional study conducted in rural area of Haryana from September 2015 to August 2016 among 500 currently married women (18-49 years).Results: 54.6% of the participants were using contraceptives among which female sterilization was the commonest. Age, occupation, type of family, number of sons, concordance between husband and wife and knowledge of contraceptives was significantly associated with contraceptive use. The commonest reason for not using contraception was desiring to get pregnant (28.2%) and not considering it necessary (15%).Conclusions: Contraceptive usage was low and male participation in family planning was negligible.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Nosocomial infection cause significant health issues and economic loss to the patient... more Background: Nosocomial infection cause significant health issues and economic loss to the patients as well as the health care facilities. To combat hospital acquired infections, hospitals need an effective method of disinfection and sterilization which can be taken care by the central sterile supply department (CSSD). The objective of establishing a CSSD is to make reliably sterilized articles available at the required time and place. Aim and objectives were to study the organization and workflow management of CSSD of a tertiary care institution.Methods: This observational study was carried out from February 2018 to April 2018. An observation checklist was used for the purpose of study after obtaining permission from appropriate authorities.Results: CSSD of the institution is centrally located within the hospital premises and has 11 staff members. Linen, cotton, dressings, instruments and trays are sterilized in the CSSD. Sterilization is done by steam sterilization and gas steriliz...

Indian Journal of Child Health

Introduction: Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are the most common cause of obstructive uropathy ... more Introduction: Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in boys. While most patientsin developed countries are diagnosed in the antenatal period, our patients often present late which adversely affects their outcome.This retrospective study was aimed to study the clinical profile of boys with PUV at follow-up. Methods: Records of 45 boyswith PUV who were in follow-up for at least 1-year were retrieved between February and December 2015. Age of presentation,signs and symptoms, anthropometry, radiological findings, surgical interventions, and biochemical investigations were recordedin a pre-structured pro forma. The data were later analyzed on an Excel spreadsheet. Results: The mean age at the diagnosisof PUV was 16

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 2019