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Papers by Jeena Srinivasan
Sustaining Productivity of Coastal Wetland Agriculture: A Study of the Kole Wetland in India Maintenir La Productivite Agricole Des Regions Humides Cotieres : Etude De La Region Humide De Kole en Inde
The Kole land, is an important Ramsar wetland in South of India. This wetland ecosystem lies subm... more The Kole land, is an important Ramsar wetland in South of India. This wetland ecosystem lies submerged under water for almost six months in a year. Rice is a major crop cultivated in this region after dewatering of fields, which lie 0.5 to 1.5 meters below the mean sea level. Dewatering of fields is carried out with the withdrawal of monsoon season and the water is collected in canals for irrigation during summer. This challenging water management is labour and energy intensive and is carried out in a collective manner by the farmers. For almost last twenty years high yielding varieties of rice are cultivated here. The Kole lands have a net work of canals and zonal system of cultivation in which flood water is managed in an interesting way in this region. Zonal cultivation is one in which cultivation starts from zone 1 which is at a higher elevation. Flood water from that zone is collected in zone 2, a lower elevation area. Water collected in zone 2 is used as irrigation water in zo...
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2005
This paper analyses the heterogeneous users decision to participate in comanagement, which is an ... more This paper analyses the heterogeneous users decision to participate in comanagement, which is an institutional alternative proposed in the wake of state's failure in managing the Cochin estuarine fisheries in Kerala, India. Since a collective action under co-management require not only user's active participation in terms of their labor but also involve various types of organizational and managerial costs, the users were given the following choices on cooperation. Firstly, the users had the choice to contribute their labor in conservation activities, which would ensure sustainability of the fisheries. Secondly, they could make a voluntary contribution towards meeting the organizational costs of collective action. Thirdly, they could contribute in terms of labor as well as in monetary terms. Finally, they had the choice not to participate at all. Keeping in view the problems of free rider and adoption of stratagic behaviour by users some incentives were given for each of the above ways of cooperation. A multinomial logit analysis of the decision of about 369 sample fishermen to participate in co-management as defined above shows the differential impact of user heterogeneity in resource management. While heterogeneity in terms of the present legal status of the users motivate them for contributing their labor even in the absence of any additional economic incentives, heterogeneity in economic status and membership in formal organizations matters when it comes to making monetary payments. In addition to these, the overall optimism of the users' motivates them to both physically engage in conservation activities as well as make monetary payments. Adoption of strategic behaviors by at least some users cannot, however, be ruled out. On the whole it is seen that the heterogeneous fishermen's decision to participate depend upon their anticipation of the distribution of benefits from cooperation. However, one must be cautious that those who anticipate disproportionate benefit from cooperation are likely to take a lead role. Therefore, care must be taken to prevent them from deciding the rules of the game in such a manner that they are disproportionately in their favor
Livelihoods of Agariyas and Biodiversity Conservation in the Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat
Ecology, Economy and Society–the INSEE Journal, 2020
Ecological Economics, 2009
Untreated or partially treated wastewater, which is a negative externality of urban water use, is... more Untreated or partially treated wastewater, which is a negative externality of urban water use, is widely used for irrigation in water scarce regions in several countries including India. While the nutrients contained in the wastewater is considered as beneficial to agriculture, the contaminants present in it pose environmental and health risks. This paper examines the morbidity status, its determinants as well as the cost of illness for households living in the areas irrigated with wastewater in comparison with those using normal quality water. Primary data collected from six villages irrigated with wastewater along Musi River which is fed with wastewater and one control village where normal quality water is used for irrigation has been used for the analysis. It is seen that higher rates of morbidity exist in the wastewater irrigated villages when compared to the control village. Specifically, adult and female morbidity rates are significantly higher than child and male morbidity rates. From the logit analysis it is seen that exposure to wastewater and engagement in activities based on it places the households in higher risk groups to report morbidity. Small and marginal farmers incur higher economic cost of illness. However, it has been difficult to ascertain the cause and effect relationship as most of the households have reported more common illnesses like fever, head ache, skin itching, stomach ailments, etc. The study points out the need for a comprehensive risk assessment and adoption of risk management measures including setting standards for treatment and discharge of wastewater and regulations on the type of uses etc. to prevent unplanned use of untreated or partially treated wastewater while taking into account local conditions.
Working Papers, 2010
This paper forms a part of an ongoing project titled, "Livelihood Linkages and Tradeoffs in the D... more This paper forms a part of an ongoing project titled, "Livelihood Linkages and Tradeoffs in the Downstream Floodplains of River Basins: A Study of Kole Lands in Thrissur." The project is being carried out at the Research Unit for Livelihoods and Natural Resources (RULNR), set up by the Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad with the financial support by the Jamsetji Tata Trust, Mumbai. I gratefully acknowledge the Jamsetji Tata Trust for the financial support and the RULNR for administrative and logistical support in carrying out the study. I sincerely thank Prof. Gopal K Kadekodi for offering me detailed comments on an earlier draft of the paper. Special thanks are due to the former District collector Dr. V K. Baby, and the District Administration, Thrissur for all the support and cooperation. Earlier version of this paper was presented in the Inception Workshop organised by the District Administration, Thrissur in association with CESS, Hyderabad on 5 June 2009 in Thrissur and in the RULNR Partners Meet organised by RULNR and CESS on 17th August 2009. The inputs from the participants are gratefully acknowledged. The field work of the study has been meticulously guided and coordinated by Dr. P.S. Easa. I sincerely thank him for sparing his valuable time for the project and sharing his thoughts and insights. Thanks are due to Mr. Joseph Nedumpuram for carrying out focus group discussions, to the students of Department of MSW, Vimala College, Thrissur for assisting in the data collection and to Dr (Sr) Lissy John, Principal and Dr. Jaya Cherian, Dept of MSW Vimala College Thrissur for extending the services of students of MSW to us. I am also thankful to Dr. Jyothis Sathyapalan and Prof. M Gopinath Reddy for their support.
Ecology, economy and society--the INSEE journal, 1970
This study analyses the relationship between access to groundwater irrigation, agricultural devel... more This study analyses the relationship between access to groundwater irrigation, agricultural development, and poverty in Godavari river basin with heterogeneous hydrogeological resource conditions, and their implications for resource governance, using primary data from 825 farm households. The analysis showed that households with access to groundwater earn relatively higher household and per capita incomes. The large farmers seemed to have better access to water resources. Although poverty headcount ratio is high among the upper reach farmers, depth, and severity of poverty is more among middle reach farmers. Land size per se is not a significant variable in determining access, but the access is conditioned by sources of non-farm income, credit facility, education and caste hierarchy. While small farmers used more water per acre for irrigation without commensurate economic productivity, the differences in their economic productivity in comparison to large farmers was found to be associated with inequality.
Development-Induced Displacement Risks and Coping with Resettlement
Journal of Rural Development, Jun 30, 2020
Ecological Economics, 2006
This paper analyses the heterogeneous users decision to participate in comanagement, which is an ... more This paper analyses the heterogeneous users decision to participate in comanagement, which is an institutional alternative proposed in the wake of state's failure in managing the Cochin estuarine fisheries in Kerala, India. Since a collective action under co-management require not only user's active participation in terms of their labor but also involve various types of organizational and managerial costs, the users were given the following choices on cooperation. Firstly, the users had the choice to contribute their labor in conservation activities, which would ensure sustainability of the fisheries. Secondly, they could make a voluntary contribution towards meeting the organizational costs of collective action. Thirdly, they could contribute in terms of labor as well as in monetary terms. Finally, they had the choice not to participate at all. Keeping in view the problems of free rider and adoption of stratagic behaviour by users some incentives were given for each of the above ways of cooperation. A multinomial logit analysis of the decision of about 369 sample fishermen to participate in co-management as defined above shows the differential impact of user heterogeneity in resource management. While heterogeneity in terms of the present legal status of the users motivate them for contributing their labor even in the absence of any additional economic incentives, heterogeneity in economic status and membership in formal organizations matters when it comes to making monetary payments. In addition to these, the overall optimism of the users' motivates them to both physically engage in conservation activities as well as make monetary payments. Adoption of strategic behaviors by at least some users cannot, however, be ruled out. On the whole it is seen that the heterogeneous fishermen's decision to participate depend upon their anticipation of the distribution of benefits from cooperation. However, one must be cautious that those who anticipate disproportionate benefit from cooperation are likely to take a lead role. Therefore, care must be taken to prevent them from deciding the rules of the game in such a manner that they are disproportionately in their favor
Sustaining Productivity of Coastal Wetland Agriculture: A Study of the Kole Wetland in India Maintenir La Productivite Agricole Des Regions Humides Cotieres : Etude De La Region Humide De Kole en Inde
The Kole land, is an important Ramsar wetland in South of India. This wetland ecosystem lies subm... more The Kole land, is an important Ramsar wetland in South of India. This wetland ecosystem lies submerged under water for almost six months in a year. Rice is a major crop cultivated in this region after dewatering of fields, which lie 0.5 to 1.5 meters below the mean sea level. Dewatering of fields is carried out with the withdrawal of monsoon season and the water is collected in canals for irrigation during summer. This challenging water management is labour and energy intensive and is carried out in a collective manner by the farmers. For almost last twenty years high yielding varieties of rice are cultivated here. The Kole lands have a net work of canals and zonal system of cultivation in which flood water is managed in an interesting way in this region. Zonal cultivation is one in which cultivation starts from zone 1 which is at a higher elevation. Flood water from that zone is collected in zone 2, a lower elevation area. Water collected in zone 2 is used as irrigation water in zo...
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2005
This paper analyses the heterogeneous users decision to participate in comanagement, which is an ... more This paper analyses the heterogeneous users decision to participate in comanagement, which is an institutional alternative proposed in the wake of state's failure in managing the Cochin estuarine fisheries in Kerala, India. Since a collective action under co-management require not only user's active participation in terms of their labor but also involve various types of organizational and managerial costs, the users were given the following choices on cooperation. Firstly, the users had the choice to contribute their labor in conservation activities, which would ensure sustainability of the fisheries. Secondly, they could make a voluntary contribution towards meeting the organizational costs of collective action. Thirdly, they could contribute in terms of labor as well as in monetary terms. Finally, they had the choice not to participate at all. Keeping in view the problems of free rider and adoption of stratagic behaviour by users some incentives were given for each of the above ways of cooperation. A multinomial logit analysis of the decision of about 369 sample fishermen to participate in co-management as defined above shows the differential impact of user heterogeneity in resource management. While heterogeneity in terms of the present legal status of the users motivate them for contributing their labor even in the absence of any additional economic incentives, heterogeneity in economic status and membership in formal organizations matters when it comes to making monetary payments. In addition to these, the overall optimism of the users' motivates them to both physically engage in conservation activities as well as make monetary payments. Adoption of strategic behaviors by at least some users cannot, however, be ruled out. On the whole it is seen that the heterogeneous fishermen's decision to participate depend upon their anticipation of the distribution of benefits from cooperation. However, one must be cautious that those who anticipate disproportionate benefit from cooperation are likely to take a lead role. Therefore, care must be taken to prevent them from deciding the rules of the game in such a manner that they are disproportionately in their favor
Livelihoods of Agariyas and Biodiversity Conservation in the Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat
Ecology, Economy and Society–the INSEE Journal, 2020
Ecological Economics, 2009
Untreated or partially treated wastewater, which is a negative externality of urban water use, is... more Untreated or partially treated wastewater, which is a negative externality of urban water use, is widely used for irrigation in water scarce regions in several countries including India. While the nutrients contained in the wastewater is considered as beneficial to agriculture, the contaminants present in it pose environmental and health risks. This paper examines the morbidity status, its determinants as well as the cost of illness for households living in the areas irrigated with wastewater in comparison with those using normal quality water. Primary data collected from six villages irrigated with wastewater along Musi River which is fed with wastewater and one control village where normal quality water is used for irrigation has been used for the analysis. It is seen that higher rates of morbidity exist in the wastewater irrigated villages when compared to the control village. Specifically, adult and female morbidity rates are significantly higher than child and male morbidity rates. From the logit analysis it is seen that exposure to wastewater and engagement in activities based on it places the households in higher risk groups to report morbidity. Small and marginal farmers incur higher economic cost of illness. However, it has been difficult to ascertain the cause and effect relationship as most of the households have reported more common illnesses like fever, head ache, skin itching, stomach ailments, etc. The study points out the need for a comprehensive risk assessment and adoption of risk management measures including setting standards for treatment and discharge of wastewater and regulations on the type of uses etc. to prevent unplanned use of untreated or partially treated wastewater while taking into account local conditions.
Working Papers, 2010
This paper forms a part of an ongoing project titled, "Livelihood Linkages and Tradeoffs in the D... more This paper forms a part of an ongoing project titled, "Livelihood Linkages and Tradeoffs in the Downstream Floodplains of River Basins: A Study of Kole Lands in Thrissur." The project is being carried out at the Research Unit for Livelihoods and Natural Resources (RULNR), set up by the Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad with the financial support by the Jamsetji Tata Trust, Mumbai. I gratefully acknowledge the Jamsetji Tata Trust for the financial support and the RULNR for administrative and logistical support in carrying out the study. I sincerely thank Prof. Gopal K Kadekodi for offering me detailed comments on an earlier draft of the paper. Special thanks are due to the former District collector Dr. V K. Baby, and the District Administration, Thrissur for all the support and cooperation. Earlier version of this paper was presented in the Inception Workshop organised by the District Administration, Thrissur in association with CESS, Hyderabad on 5 June 2009 in Thrissur and in the RULNR Partners Meet organised by RULNR and CESS on 17th August 2009. The inputs from the participants are gratefully acknowledged. The field work of the study has been meticulously guided and coordinated by Dr. P.S. Easa. I sincerely thank him for sparing his valuable time for the project and sharing his thoughts and insights. Thanks are due to Mr. Joseph Nedumpuram for carrying out focus group discussions, to the students of Department of MSW, Vimala College, Thrissur for assisting in the data collection and to Dr (Sr) Lissy John, Principal and Dr. Jaya Cherian, Dept of MSW Vimala College Thrissur for extending the services of students of MSW to us. I am also thankful to Dr. Jyothis Sathyapalan and Prof. M Gopinath Reddy for their support.
Ecology, economy and society--the INSEE journal, 1970
This study analyses the relationship between access to groundwater irrigation, agricultural devel... more This study analyses the relationship between access to groundwater irrigation, agricultural development, and poverty in Godavari river basin with heterogeneous hydrogeological resource conditions, and their implications for resource governance, using primary data from 825 farm households. The analysis showed that households with access to groundwater earn relatively higher household and per capita incomes. The large farmers seemed to have better access to water resources. Although poverty headcount ratio is high among the upper reach farmers, depth, and severity of poverty is more among middle reach farmers. Land size per se is not a significant variable in determining access, but the access is conditioned by sources of non-farm income, credit facility, education and caste hierarchy. While small farmers used more water per acre for irrigation without commensurate economic productivity, the differences in their economic productivity in comparison to large farmers was found to be associated with inequality.
Development-Induced Displacement Risks and Coping with Resettlement
Journal of Rural Development, Jun 30, 2020
Ecological Economics, 2006
This paper analyses the heterogeneous users decision to participate in comanagement, which is an ... more This paper analyses the heterogeneous users decision to participate in comanagement, which is an institutional alternative proposed in the wake of state's failure in managing the Cochin estuarine fisheries in Kerala, India. Since a collective action under co-management require not only user's active participation in terms of their labor but also involve various types of organizational and managerial costs, the users were given the following choices on cooperation. Firstly, the users had the choice to contribute their labor in conservation activities, which would ensure sustainability of the fisheries. Secondly, they could make a voluntary contribution towards meeting the organizational costs of collective action. Thirdly, they could contribute in terms of labor as well as in monetary terms. Finally, they had the choice not to participate at all. Keeping in view the problems of free rider and adoption of stratagic behaviour by users some incentives were given for each of the above ways of cooperation. A multinomial logit analysis of the decision of about 369 sample fishermen to participate in co-management as defined above shows the differential impact of user heterogeneity in resource management. While heterogeneity in terms of the present legal status of the users motivate them for contributing their labor even in the absence of any additional economic incentives, heterogeneity in economic status and membership in formal organizations matters when it comes to making monetary payments. In addition to these, the overall optimism of the users' motivates them to both physically engage in conservation activities as well as make monetary payments. Adoption of strategic behaviors by at least some users cannot, however, be ruled out. On the whole it is seen that the heterogeneous fishermen's decision to participate depend upon their anticipation of the distribution of benefits from cooperation. However, one must be cautious that those who anticipate disproportionate benefit from cooperation are likely to take a lead role. Therefore, care must be taken to prevent them from deciding the rules of the game in such a manner that they are disproportionately in their favor