Stanislaw Halas - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Stanislaw Halas
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1982
Reduced partition function ratios (r.p.f.r) for uranium dioxide and uranium trioxide are calculat... more Reduced partition function ratios (r.p.f.r) for uranium dioxide and uranium trioxide are calculated using selected crystal field models for optical modes and Debye functions for acoustic modes at temperatures ranging from 0 to 1000°C. The contribution of the acoustic modes is negligibly small in the calculated values of r.p.f.r. in all temperature ranges. The uncertainty of the r.p.f.r. is calculated
Environmental Geology, 2009
In 2005 and 2006, hydrogeochemical study was carried out in the bipartite Wiśniówka Mała pit lake... more In 2005 and 2006, hydrogeochemical study was carried out in the bipartite Wiśniówka Mała pit lake of the Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland). This is the largest acidic water body in Poland. This report presents the element concentrations in the water and sediment, stable sulfur and oxygen isotope ratios in the soluble sulfates, and stable oxygen isotope ratio in the water. The scope of the investigation also encompassed mineralogical examinations (scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction) of the sediment. The results of this study show that there is a spatial and temporal variability in concentrations of most elements and sulfur isotope ratios in the examined pit lake. The water of the western pond displayed a lower pH with a mean of 3.73 and higher conductivity (390 lS cm -1 ) as well as higher concentrations of sulfates (156 mg L -1 ) and most of the cations and anions. The concentrations of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ averaged 0.8 and 0.4 mgÁL -1 . In contrast, the eastern pond water revealed a higher pH (mean of 4.36), lower conductivity (293 lS cm -1 ) and lower sulfate (90 mg L -1 ) and trace metal levels. Similar variations were recorded in the stable sulfur isotope ratios. The d 34 S V-CDT (SO 4 2-) values in the water of the western pit pond were in the range of -6.7 to -4.6% (mean of -5.6%), whereas that in the eastern pit pond ranged from -2.2 to -0.9% (-1.6%). The alkalinity of the entire lake water was below 0.1 mgÁL -1 CaCO 3 . No distinct difference in the d 18 O V-SMOW (SO 4 2-) was noted between the western and eastern pit ponds. Compared to the Purple Pond in the Sudetes (Poland) and similar sites throughout the world, the examined pit lake is highlighted by distinctly low concentrations of sulfates, iron and other trace metals. Based on this and other studies performed in the Holy Cross Mountains, a conclusion can be drawn that the SO 4 2in the Wiśniówka Mała pit lake water is a mixture of SO 4 2derived from the following sources: (1) pyrite oxidation (especially in the western pond water), (2) leaching of soluble sulfates from soils and waste material, as well as subordinate deposition of airborne sulfate precipitation.
Chemical Geology, 2002
. Study of three halite sections in the Rot Basin from the eastern Netherlands Twente-Rijn 382 bo... more . Study of three halite sections in the Rot Basin from the eastern Netherlands Twente-Rijn 382 borehole , central Germanÿ Ž . Ž .
Mineralogia
Editor: David R. Hilton Keywords: Authigenic quartz Oxygen isotope temperatures Quartz-water isot... more Editor: David R. Hilton Keywords: Authigenic quartz Oxygen isotope temperatures Quartz-water isotope equilibrium δ 18 O of ancient ocean Phanerozoic Salt effect
![Research paper thumbnail of Electron emission current stabilizer especially to an ionization gauge [in Polish]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41802926/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Physical Review B, 2001
Electronic work-function calculations of polycrystalline metal surfaces revisited. Tomasz Durakie... more Electronic work-function calculations of polycrystalline metal surfaces revisited. Tomasz Durakiewicz 1 * , Stanislaw Halas 2 , Al Arko 1 , John J. Joyce 1 , and Dave P. Moore 1 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop K764 ...
Plant and Soil, 1996
Our investigations of diurnal variations of the 13C/12C ratio and CO2 content in soil air were ca... more Our investigations of diurnal variations of the 13C/12C ratio and CO2 content in soil air were carried out in three environments during periods of high biosphere activity. It has been observed that diurnal variation of CO2 concentration is negatively correlated 613C. Particularly great variations occurred at shallow soil depths (10-30 cm) when the plant cover activity was high while the soil temperature was rather low. Under such conditions the ~13C variations had the magnitude of 4%o, while the CO2 concentration varied more than doubly. The maximum of the 13C/J2C ratlo and the minimum of the CO2 concentration in a cultivated field with winter wheat took place in the afternoon, whereas in deciduous forest similar patterns were observed at dawn. In these cases soil temperatures at 10 cm depths varied less than 2°C. Hence, under wheat the variation in root respiration rate seem to be the main reason of the recorded varations. In an uncultivated grass-field during the hottest period in summer we did not measure any distinct variations of CO2 properties in spite of the fact that soil temperature varied up to 5°C. This might be due to dominant microbial respiration at the high soil temperature, which exceeded 20 °C.
Journal of Hydrology, 2013
Sulphur isotopes Oxygen isotopes Carbonate aquifer Linear mixing model Monte Carlo method s u m m... more Sulphur isotopes Oxygen isotopes Carbonate aquifer Linear mixing model Monte Carlo method s u m m a r y Groundwater within the unconfined or semi-confined parts of Triassic carbonate aquifers in Upper Silesia (Poland) contains high concentrations of sulphate (up to 290 mg/L), sometimes in excess of drinking water limits (>250 mg/L). To assess the influence of different possible sulphate sources, isotopic analyses of S and O were performed on groundwater sulphate and potential sulphate sources and combined with literature data. Three dominant sources of sulphate were delineated, based on the geological and literature study and supported by the mixing relations between inverse concentration of sulphate and its isotopic compositions. These sources are: (i) sulphate from rainfall; (ii) weathering of sulphide minerals in ore deposits in the aquifer-forming carbonate rocks; (iii) dissolution of sulphate evaporites in the Triassic sequence. Fortunately these three sources have distinctive S and O isotope compositions and thus their contributions to the total dissolved sulphate could be estimated. The application of linear mixing models for three sources in the dual isotope system allowed the impact of the three different sulphate sources on particular parts of the aquifers to be calculated. The average isotopic composition of sulphate in abstracted groundwater indicates that the most important source of sulphate is sulphide weathering, contributing about 50% of total sulphate. The second most significant source of sulphate input is rainfall and it is characterised by a mean contribution of 30%. Application of Monte Carlo analysis that incorporates the full variability in distributions of isotopic compositions for the three sources and all mixing fractions between them gave the most probable ranges of the dissolved in groundwater sulphate. This analysis indicated that the proportion of sulphate derived by sulphide oxidation is comparable with the estimations based on linear models. This study has shown that the water quality of these important groundwater resources is under threat from both natural sources, i.e. metal sulphide oxidation and gypsum dissolution. Analysis of the mathematical models analysis shows that the first process is the predominant source of sulphate in groundwater. However, the highest concentrations of dissolved sulphate are positively correlated with the increasing proportion of sulphate derived from gypsum dissolution. Moreover, one should keep in mind that natural processes might be anthropogenically accelerated due to variable water demands and groundwater abstraction. Eventually, the statistically secondorder source of sulphate -rainfall might contain surface-derived contaminants, and its contribution to the total load of sulphate might indirectly indicate the vulnerability of aquifers for the pollution.
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2009
In order to address the correct reporting and therefore comparison of isotopic measurements acros... more In order to address the correct reporting and therefore comparison of isotopic measurements across different instrument types and instrumental techniques a prepared set of synthetic standards was sent to 28 laboratories for boron (B) isotopic analyses. Standards were prepared from enriched and purified isotopic salts to avoid any sample preparation fractionation. The range in uncertainties of the analyses between different instrumental analytical techniques is as large as the differences within an instrumental analytical technique obscuring any systematic offset. We conclude that uncertainties in the measurement of d 11 B values were often underestimated and a procedure is suggested to allow a better comparison of the different techniques. Two new standards (JABA and JABB) have been quantified and these are available to all laboratories for testing their analyses. The d 11 B values of these new standards are 10.0& and À23.7&. The results from this exercise impact on the way all isotope measurements are performed and reported. Guidelines are defined to aid the comparison of measurements between different laboratories.
Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2008
A new semi-empirical formula was devised for liquid-vapour fractionation at thermodynamic equilib... more A new semi-empirical formula was devised for liquid-vapour fractionation at thermodynamic equilibrium, which is valid for the whole temperature range, i.e. from the freezing to the critical temperature, Tc. The new formula contains three parameters (A, B and C) only: 10(3) ln alpha = ((A/T2) - (B/T))(1-x)+ C((Tc-T)/(T2))X, where X is the ratio of saturated vapour pressure at temperature T to the critical pressure. Physical reasons for the above formula are presented. The following numerical values of the parameters have been obtained by fitting the above expression to the experimental data from literature: A=1.3781x10(6), B=1.8876x10(3), C=3655.8 for 18O/16O, and A=18.993x10(6), B=40.798x10(3), C=18405 for D/H isotope fractionation. In both cases, X was calculated from the Van der Waals semi-empirical formula for vapour pressure, which has only one crude parameter: X=exp(-3.3(Tc-T/(T)).
Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2006
A slice of black shale rock cut by various metal sulphide veins of different generations from the... more A slice of black shale rock cut by various metal sulphide veins of different generations from the Kupferschiefer deposits of Lubin, Poland was subjected to bombardment in a Laser Microprobe Combustion Reactor to produce SO2 for S-isotope analyses. The delta34S values ranged from-22 to-29 per thousand consistent with previous findings using conventional IRMS and attributable to primary generation of H2S by bacterial sulphate reduction. Systematic trends in delta34S values of a few per mil over distances of the order of mm attest to low temperatures of mineralization with accompanying change in the isotope composition of the fluids due to kinetic or equilibrium isotope fractionation.
Geoderma, 1996
The carbon isotopic composition of soil CO2 was measured during the winter of 1990/91 at two site... more The carbon isotopic composition of soil CO2 was measured during the winter of 1990/91 at two sites in the Lublin Upland (Poland). In that season a period with very low air temperature occurred, during which snow covered soils were frozen. We observed variations of δ13C up to 3 permil. During freezing periods the variations depended on soil physical properties. In
Applied Geochemistry, 2010
The objective of this study was to determine the sources of SO 2À 4 in groundwater of the Olkusz-... more The objective of this study was to determine the sources of SO 2À 4 in groundwater of the Olkusz-Zawiercie Major Groundwater Body. The quality of groundwater was relatively good in the past, but fluctuations of the water table level have caused degradation of water quality. Variations in the water table level and the formation of the depression cone have resulted from both groundwater withdrawal and Zn-Pb mine dewatering. As a result within the extended vadose zone of the aquifer, weathering of pyrite and accompanying sulfides has taken place. Since 1992 the water table has risen and this process has been associated with an increase in concentrations of SO 2À 4 , Ca and Mg. At the same time, the pH has decreased and periodically high Fe concentrations have been detected. High concentrations of Mg and Sr have been observed and, since gypsum layers are known to be present, a de-dolomitisation process has been hypothesized. The PHREEQC program for Windows was used to estimate saturation indices for calcite, dolomite, gypsum and epsomite. Isotopic data for SO 2À 4 dissolved in the groundwater and archival data on isotopic composition of ore sulfides were used to solve the isotope balance equation and to estimate the fraction of dissolved SO 2À 4 that originated from pyrite oxidation and gypsum dissolution. The results have shown that dissolution of pyrite oxidation products has a significant influence on chemical composition of groundwater, especially in the southern part of the cone of depression. By solving the additional, combined mass transfer and isotope balance equations it was inferred that a variation in isotopic composition of weathered sulfides must also occur.
Analytical Chemistry, 1999
We describe a fast, inexpensive, and safe method of direct SO 2 extraction from BaSO 4 for sulfur... more We describe a fast, inexpensive, and safe method of direct SO 2 extraction from BaSO 4 for sulfur isotopic analysis by mass spectrometry. Only two reagents are used: (1) pure NaPO 3 , which is mixed with BaSO 4 sample, and (2) Cu foil, from which reaction boats are manufactured. The extraction precedes in the Cu boat placed into a quartz tube connected to a vacuum line. The boat is heated to 650-700°C while pure SO 2 produced is collected in a "cold finger". Reaction is complete in 7-10 min. We have proven by means of 18 O-enriched BaSO 4 specimens that the oxygen isotopic composition of the SO 2 is totally controlled by 18 O content in NaPO 3 , when the weight ratio of the reagent to sample exceeds 6:1. The method described can be used for "on-line" SO 2 preparation for isotopic analysis.
Geochronometria, Jun 1, 2011
n order to constrain the age of the Upper Cretaceous continental Densuş-Ciula Formation from the ... more n order to constrain the age of the Upper Cretaceous continental Densuş-Ciula Formation from the Haţeg basin, South Carpathians, and correlate it with the other continental unit that occurs in the region, the Sânpetru Formation, we separated and dated by the K-Ar method biotites and amphiboles from volcanoclastic deposits. The mineral phases analysed are from two tuff layers and volcanic bombs cropping out near Rachitova village. Two tuff layers from the Densuş-Ciula Formation give early Maastrichtian ages of 69.8±1.3 and 71.3±1.6 Ma, respectively. The ages determined for the tuff layers constrain the age of deposition for the Densuş-Ciula Formation and enable further correlations with the available palaeomagnetic data from the deposits occurring along the Sibişel Valley that belong to the Sânpetru Formation. The volcanic bombs collected near to Răchitova village are andesites and dacites. The age determined by K-Ar method on hornblende separated from a volcanic bomb is 82.7±1.5 Ma, which is older than the underlying Campanian marine deposits in turbidite facies. This suggests that the volcanic bombs were re-deposited during the early Maastrichtian. Thus, the volcanics found at Răchitova have at least two origins: one type is related to an explosive synsedimentary volcanic activity, and the other type is represented by older andesitic/dacitic bombs, which most probably originate from a volcanic centre situated in the Haţeg region.
Geological Quarterly, 2013
1 De part ment of Earth Sci ences -Min er al ogy, Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Universalmuseum Joan... more 1 De part ment of Earth Sci ences -Min er al ogy, Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Weinzöttlstraße 16, A-8045 Graz, Aus tria 2 De part ment of Ge og ra phy and Ge ol ogy, Paris-Lodron Uni ver sity Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Aus tria 3 Mass Spec trom e try Lab o ra tory, In sti tute of Phys ics, Maria Cu rie-Sk³odowska Uni ver sity, 20-031 Lublin, Po land Bojar H.-P., Bojar A.-V., Ha³as S. and Wójtowicz A. (2013) K/Ar geo chron ol ogy of ig ne ous am phi bole pheno crysts in Miocene to Plio cene volcaniclastics, Styrian Ba sin, Aus tria. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 57 (3): 405-416, doi: 10.7306/gq.1102 We pres ent fif teen new K/Ar ages on am phi bole pheno crysts of Neo gene volcaniclastic rocks from the Styrian Ba sin, Aus tria. The wes tern most sub-ba sin of the Pannonian Ba sin is the Styrian Ba sin, which hosts a large num ber of phreatomagmatic tuff oc cur rences be side Mid dle Mio cene shield vol ca noes and Plio cene ef fu sive al ka line vol ca nic rocks. The in ves ti gated tuffs con tain the well-known man tle xe no liths and fre quent am phi bole and pyroxene pheno crysts. The new K/Ar ages in di cate that the Late Mio cene phreatomagmatic vol ca nism started in Pontian (7.51 Ma) and ended in Ro ma nian (2.73 Ma) times. The com plete in ter val of the youn gest vol ca nism in the Styrian Ba sin cov ers 5.8 Ma, sim i lar to the vol ca nism of the west ern part of the Pannonian Ba sin and the Nógrád/Novohrad area (West Carpathians). The dated vol ca nic oc cur rences dis play NNW-SSE ori ented ar rays which are ap prox i mately par al lel to the Auersbach basinal high zone. The new data in di cate that the Late Mio cene to Plio cene vol ca nism of the Styrian Ba sin is syn chro nous with the on set of a re gional compressional event and east ward tilt ing of the Styrian Ba sin fill. Key words: geo chron ol ogy, ig ne ous am phi bole, vol ca nic tuffs, Styrian Ba sin. K/Ar geochronology of igneous amphibole phenocrysts in Miocene to Pliocene volcaniclastics, Styrian Basin, Austria 407
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1982
Reduced partition function ratios (r.p.f.r) for uranium dioxide and uranium trioxide are calculat... more Reduced partition function ratios (r.p.f.r) for uranium dioxide and uranium trioxide are calculated using selected crystal field models for optical modes and Debye functions for acoustic modes at temperatures ranging from 0 to 1000°C. The contribution of the acoustic modes is negligibly small in the calculated values of r.p.f.r. in all temperature ranges. The uncertainty of the r.p.f.r. is calculated
Environmental Geology, 2009
In 2005 and 2006, hydrogeochemical study was carried out in the bipartite Wiśniówka Mała pit lake... more In 2005 and 2006, hydrogeochemical study was carried out in the bipartite Wiśniówka Mała pit lake of the Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland). This is the largest acidic water body in Poland. This report presents the element concentrations in the water and sediment, stable sulfur and oxygen isotope ratios in the soluble sulfates, and stable oxygen isotope ratio in the water. The scope of the investigation also encompassed mineralogical examinations (scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction) of the sediment. The results of this study show that there is a spatial and temporal variability in concentrations of most elements and sulfur isotope ratios in the examined pit lake. The water of the western pond displayed a lower pH with a mean of 3.73 and higher conductivity (390 lS cm -1 ) as well as higher concentrations of sulfates (156 mg L -1 ) and most of the cations and anions. The concentrations of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ averaged 0.8 and 0.4 mgÁL -1 . In contrast, the eastern pond water revealed a higher pH (mean of 4.36), lower conductivity (293 lS cm -1 ) and lower sulfate (90 mg L -1 ) and trace metal levels. Similar variations were recorded in the stable sulfur isotope ratios. The d 34 S V-CDT (SO 4 2-) values in the water of the western pit pond were in the range of -6.7 to -4.6% (mean of -5.6%), whereas that in the eastern pit pond ranged from -2.2 to -0.9% (-1.6%). The alkalinity of the entire lake water was below 0.1 mgÁL -1 CaCO 3 . No distinct difference in the d 18 O V-SMOW (SO 4 2-) was noted between the western and eastern pit ponds. Compared to the Purple Pond in the Sudetes (Poland) and similar sites throughout the world, the examined pit lake is highlighted by distinctly low concentrations of sulfates, iron and other trace metals. Based on this and other studies performed in the Holy Cross Mountains, a conclusion can be drawn that the SO 4 2in the Wiśniówka Mała pit lake water is a mixture of SO 4 2derived from the following sources: (1) pyrite oxidation (especially in the western pond water), (2) leaching of soluble sulfates from soils and waste material, as well as subordinate deposition of airborne sulfate precipitation.
Chemical Geology, 2002
. Study of three halite sections in the Rot Basin from the eastern Netherlands Twente-Rijn 382 bo... more . Study of three halite sections in the Rot Basin from the eastern Netherlands Twente-Rijn 382 borehole , central Germanÿ Ž . Ž .
Mineralogia
Editor: David R. Hilton Keywords: Authigenic quartz Oxygen isotope temperatures Quartz-water isot... more Editor: David R. Hilton Keywords: Authigenic quartz Oxygen isotope temperatures Quartz-water isotope equilibrium δ 18 O of ancient ocean Phanerozoic Salt effect
Physical Review B, 2001
Electronic work-function calculations of polycrystalline metal surfaces revisited. Tomasz Durakie... more Electronic work-function calculations of polycrystalline metal surfaces revisited. Tomasz Durakiewicz 1 * , Stanislaw Halas 2 , Al Arko 1 , John J. Joyce 1 , and Dave P. Moore 1 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop K764 ...
Plant and Soil, 1996
Our investigations of diurnal variations of the 13C/12C ratio and CO2 content in soil air were ca... more Our investigations of diurnal variations of the 13C/12C ratio and CO2 content in soil air were carried out in three environments during periods of high biosphere activity. It has been observed that diurnal variation of CO2 concentration is negatively correlated 613C. Particularly great variations occurred at shallow soil depths (10-30 cm) when the plant cover activity was high while the soil temperature was rather low. Under such conditions the ~13C variations had the magnitude of 4%o, while the CO2 concentration varied more than doubly. The maximum of the 13C/J2C ratlo and the minimum of the CO2 concentration in a cultivated field with winter wheat took place in the afternoon, whereas in deciduous forest similar patterns were observed at dawn. In these cases soil temperatures at 10 cm depths varied less than 2°C. Hence, under wheat the variation in root respiration rate seem to be the main reason of the recorded varations. In an uncultivated grass-field during the hottest period in summer we did not measure any distinct variations of CO2 properties in spite of the fact that soil temperature varied up to 5°C. This might be due to dominant microbial respiration at the high soil temperature, which exceeded 20 °C.
Journal of Hydrology, 2013
Sulphur isotopes Oxygen isotopes Carbonate aquifer Linear mixing model Monte Carlo method s u m m... more Sulphur isotopes Oxygen isotopes Carbonate aquifer Linear mixing model Monte Carlo method s u m m a r y Groundwater within the unconfined or semi-confined parts of Triassic carbonate aquifers in Upper Silesia (Poland) contains high concentrations of sulphate (up to 290 mg/L), sometimes in excess of drinking water limits (>250 mg/L). To assess the influence of different possible sulphate sources, isotopic analyses of S and O were performed on groundwater sulphate and potential sulphate sources and combined with literature data. Three dominant sources of sulphate were delineated, based on the geological and literature study and supported by the mixing relations between inverse concentration of sulphate and its isotopic compositions. These sources are: (i) sulphate from rainfall; (ii) weathering of sulphide minerals in ore deposits in the aquifer-forming carbonate rocks; (iii) dissolution of sulphate evaporites in the Triassic sequence. Fortunately these three sources have distinctive S and O isotope compositions and thus their contributions to the total dissolved sulphate could be estimated. The application of linear mixing models for three sources in the dual isotope system allowed the impact of the three different sulphate sources on particular parts of the aquifers to be calculated. The average isotopic composition of sulphate in abstracted groundwater indicates that the most important source of sulphate is sulphide weathering, contributing about 50% of total sulphate. The second most significant source of sulphate input is rainfall and it is characterised by a mean contribution of 30%. Application of Monte Carlo analysis that incorporates the full variability in distributions of isotopic compositions for the three sources and all mixing fractions between them gave the most probable ranges of the dissolved in groundwater sulphate. This analysis indicated that the proportion of sulphate derived by sulphide oxidation is comparable with the estimations based on linear models. This study has shown that the water quality of these important groundwater resources is under threat from both natural sources, i.e. metal sulphide oxidation and gypsum dissolution. Analysis of the mathematical models analysis shows that the first process is the predominant source of sulphate in groundwater. However, the highest concentrations of dissolved sulphate are positively correlated with the increasing proportion of sulphate derived from gypsum dissolution. Moreover, one should keep in mind that natural processes might be anthropogenically accelerated due to variable water demands and groundwater abstraction. Eventually, the statistically secondorder source of sulphate -rainfall might contain surface-derived contaminants, and its contribution to the total load of sulphate might indirectly indicate the vulnerability of aquifers for the pollution.
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2009
In order to address the correct reporting and therefore comparison of isotopic measurements acros... more In order to address the correct reporting and therefore comparison of isotopic measurements across different instrument types and instrumental techniques a prepared set of synthetic standards was sent to 28 laboratories for boron (B) isotopic analyses. Standards were prepared from enriched and purified isotopic salts to avoid any sample preparation fractionation. The range in uncertainties of the analyses between different instrumental analytical techniques is as large as the differences within an instrumental analytical technique obscuring any systematic offset. We conclude that uncertainties in the measurement of d 11 B values were often underestimated and a procedure is suggested to allow a better comparison of the different techniques. Two new standards (JABA and JABB) have been quantified and these are available to all laboratories for testing their analyses. The d 11 B values of these new standards are 10.0& and À23.7&. The results from this exercise impact on the way all isotope measurements are performed and reported. Guidelines are defined to aid the comparison of measurements between different laboratories.
Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2008
A new semi-empirical formula was devised for liquid-vapour fractionation at thermodynamic equilib... more A new semi-empirical formula was devised for liquid-vapour fractionation at thermodynamic equilibrium, which is valid for the whole temperature range, i.e. from the freezing to the critical temperature, Tc. The new formula contains three parameters (A, B and C) only: 10(3) ln alpha = ((A/T2) - (B/T))(1-x)+ C((Tc-T)/(T2))X, where X is the ratio of saturated vapour pressure at temperature T to the critical pressure. Physical reasons for the above formula are presented. The following numerical values of the parameters have been obtained by fitting the above expression to the experimental data from literature: A=1.3781x10(6), B=1.8876x10(3), C=3655.8 for 18O/16O, and A=18.993x10(6), B=40.798x10(3), C=18405 for D/H isotope fractionation. In both cases, X was calculated from the Van der Waals semi-empirical formula for vapour pressure, which has only one crude parameter: X=exp(-3.3(Tc-T/(T)).
Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2006
A slice of black shale rock cut by various metal sulphide veins of different generations from the... more A slice of black shale rock cut by various metal sulphide veins of different generations from the Kupferschiefer deposits of Lubin, Poland was subjected to bombardment in a Laser Microprobe Combustion Reactor to produce SO2 for S-isotope analyses. The delta34S values ranged from-22 to-29 per thousand consistent with previous findings using conventional IRMS and attributable to primary generation of H2S by bacterial sulphate reduction. Systematic trends in delta34S values of a few per mil over distances of the order of mm attest to low temperatures of mineralization with accompanying change in the isotope composition of the fluids due to kinetic or equilibrium isotope fractionation.
Geoderma, 1996
The carbon isotopic composition of soil CO2 was measured during the winter of 1990/91 at two site... more The carbon isotopic composition of soil CO2 was measured during the winter of 1990/91 at two sites in the Lublin Upland (Poland). In that season a period with very low air temperature occurred, during which snow covered soils were frozen. We observed variations of δ13C up to 3 permil. During freezing periods the variations depended on soil physical properties. In
Applied Geochemistry, 2010
The objective of this study was to determine the sources of SO 2À 4 in groundwater of the Olkusz-... more The objective of this study was to determine the sources of SO 2À 4 in groundwater of the Olkusz-Zawiercie Major Groundwater Body. The quality of groundwater was relatively good in the past, but fluctuations of the water table level have caused degradation of water quality. Variations in the water table level and the formation of the depression cone have resulted from both groundwater withdrawal and Zn-Pb mine dewatering. As a result within the extended vadose zone of the aquifer, weathering of pyrite and accompanying sulfides has taken place. Since 1992 the water table has risen and this process has been associated with an increase in concentrations of SO 2À 4 , Ca and Mg. At the same time, the pH has decreased and periodically high Fe concentrations have been detected. High concentrations of Mg and Sr have been observed and, since gypsum layers are known to be present, a de-dolomitisation process has been hypothesized. The PHREEQC program for Windows was used to estimate saturation indices for calcite, dolomite, gypsum and epsomite. Isotopic data for SO 2À 4 dissolved in the groundwater and archival data on isotopic composition of ore sulfides were used to solve the isotope balance equation and to estimate the fraction of dissolved SO 2À 4 that originated from pyrite oxidation and gypsum dissolution. The results have shown that dissolution of pyrite oxidation products has a significant influence on chemical composition of groundwater, especially in the southern part of the cone of depression. By solving the additional, combined mass transfer and isotope balance equations it was inferred that a variation in isotopic composition of weathered sulfides must also occur.
Analytical Chemistry, 1999
We describe a fast, inexpensive, and safe method of direct SO 2 extraction from BaSO 4 for sulfur... more We describe a fast, inexpensive, and safe method of direct SO 2 extraction from BaSO 4 for sulfur isotopic analysis by mass spectrometry. Only two reagents are used: (1) pure NaPO 3 , which is mixed with BaSO 4 sample, and (2) Cu foil, from which reaction boats are manufactured. The extraction precedes in the Cu boat placed into a quartz tube connected to a vacuum line. The boat is heated to 650-700°C while pure SO 2 produced is collected in a "cold finger". Reaction is complete in 7-10 min. We have proven by means of 18 O-enriched BaSO 4 specimens that the oxygen isotopic composition of the SO 2 is totally controlled by 18 O content in NaPO 3 , when the weight ratio of the reagent to sample exceeds 6:1. The method described can be used for "on-line" SO 2 preparation for isotopic analysis.
Geochronometria, Jun 1, 2011
n order to constrain the age of the Upper Cretaceous continental Densuş-Ciula Formation from the ... more n order to constrain the age of the Upper Cretaceous continental Densuş-Ciula Formation from the Haţeg basin, South Carpathians, and correlate it with the other continental unit that occurs in the region, the Sânpetru Formation, we separated and dated by the K-Ar method biotites and amphiboles from volcanoclastic deposits. The mineral phases analysed are from two tuff layers and volcanic bombs cropping out near Rachitova village. Two tuff layers from the Densuş-Ciula Formation give early Maastrichtian ages of 69.8±1.3 and 71.3±1.6 Ma, respectively. The ages determined for the tuff layers constrain the age of deposition for the Densuş-Ciula Formation and enable further correlations with the available palaeomagnetic data from the deposits occurring along the Sibişel Valley that belong to the Sânpetru Formation. The volcanic bombs collected near to Răchitova village are andesites and dacites. The age determined by K-Ar method on hornblende separated from a volcanic bomb is 82.7±1.5 Ma, which is older than the underlying Campanian marine deposits in turbidite facies. This suggests that the volcanic bombs were re-deposited during the early Maastrichtian. Thus, the volcanics found at Răchitova have at least two origins: one type is related to an explosive synsedimentary volcanic activity, and the other type is represented by older andesitic/dacitic bombs, which most probably originate from a volcanic centre situated in the Haţeg region.
Geological Quarterly, 2013
1 De part ment of Earth Sci ences -Min er al ogy, Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Universalmuseum Joan... more 1 De part ment of Earth Sci ences -Min er al ogy, Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Weinzöttlstraße 16, A-8045 Graz, Aus tria 2 De part ment of Ge og ra phy and Ge ol ogy, Paris-Lodron Uni ver sity Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Aus tria 3 Mass Spec trom e try Lab o ra tory, In sti tute of Phys ics, Maria Cu rie-Sk³odowska Uni ver sity, 20-031 Lublin, Po land Bojar H.-P., Bojar A.-V., Ha³as S. and Wójtowicz A. (2013) K/Ar geo chron ol ogy of ig ne ous am phi bole pheno crysts in Miocene to Plio cene volcaniclastics, Styrian Ba sin, Aus tria. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 57 (3): 405-416, doi: 10.7306/gq.1102 We pres ent fif teen new K/Ar ages on am phi bole pheno crysts of Neo gene volcaniclastic rocks from the Styrian Ba sin, Aus tria. The wes tern most sub-ba sin of the Pannonian Ba sin is the Styrian Ba sin, which hosts a large num ber of phreatomagmatic tuff oc cur rences be side Mid dle Mio cene shield vol ca noes and Plio cene ef fu sive al ka line vol ca nic rocks. The in ves ti gated tuffs con tain the well-known man tle xe no liths and fre quent am phi bole and pyroxene pheno crysts. The new K/Ar ages in di cate that the Late Mio cene phreatomagmatic vol ca nism started in Pontian (7.51 Ma) and ended in Ro ma nian (2.73 Ma) times. The com plete in ter val of the youn gest vol ca nism in the Styrian Ba sin cov ers 5.8 Ma, sim i lar to the vol ca nism of the west ern part of the Pannonian Ba sin and the Nógrád/Novohrad area (West Carpathians). The dated vol ca nic oc cur rences dis play NNW-SSE ori ented ar rays which are ap prox i mately par al lel to the Auersbach basinal high zone. The new data in di cate that the Late Mio cene to Plio cene vol ca nism of the Styrian Ba sin is syn chro nous with the on set of a re gional compressional event and east ward tilt ing of the Styrian Ba sin fill. Key words: geo chron ol ogy, ig ne ous am phi bole, vol ca nic tuffs, Styrian Ba sin. K/Ar geochronology of igneous amphibole phenocrysts in Miocene to Pliocene volcaniclastics, Styrian Basin, Austria 407