Stefan Abela - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Stefan Abela

European Journal of Orthodontics, May 2, 2022

Summary Background Function, aesthetics, and social and psychological well-being are all importan... more Summary Background Function, aesthetics, and social and psychological well-being are all important aspects for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Objective To evaluate the impact of orthognathic surgery on patient perception and quality of life before, during and after treatment. Search methods All relevant systematic reviews published up to 31st July 2020 have been searched via MEDLINE via OVID, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database), and PubMed. Ongoing systematic reviews and grey literature were eliminated. A manual search was also undertaken, and no restrictions were applied to language or publication date. Selection criteria Systematic reviews involving dentofacial deformities related to systemic disorders, cleft lip and palate, facial trauma, and syndromes affecting cranial and dentofacial structures were excluded. Data collection and analysis Identification, screening, eligibility, and quality assessment [using the AMSTAR 2 tool (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews)] were performed by two authors independently. Data were synthesized qualitatively using thematic analysis. Results A total of 662 eligible studies were obtained of which 24 studies were selected for full-text evaluation, resulting in 12 eligible systematic reviews. Limitations Due to heterogeneity of data, quantitative analysis was not possible. Conclusions and implications Aesthetics and function are the main motives for seeking orthognathic surgery. Patient assessment before, during, and after orthognathic surgery is necessary for a thorough evaluation of self-perception and satisfaction throughout treatment. While psychological and social domains improved after orthognathic surgery treatment, the quality of life can deteriorate transiently during the pre-surgical orthodontic phase of treatment. A standardized assessment tool needs to be developed to assess quality-of-life changes consistently and provide comparable results. Registration CRD42020199091.

Identify problems and introduce solutions early for an ideal aesthetic result Interceptive Orthod... more Identify problems and introduce solutions early for an ideal aesthetic result Interceptive Orthodontics: A Practical Guide to Occlusal Management aims to guide the practitioner in the art of interceptive management of the developing dentition. The goal is to guide the permanent dentition into the line of the dental arches, avoiding complex orthodontic treatment for teeth displaced far from their ideal position, and thereby reducing orthodontic treatment time. This book covers growth of the jaws and tooth development, and explains the correct timing of interceptive management. It also discusses orthodontic assessment, special investigations and comprehensive management of the mixed dentition, taking in the issues of early crowding, impaction, supernumerary and supplemental teeth, dental arch expansion, space maintenance and space management. In line with best available evidence, it provides clear treatment objectives and detailed treatment planning advice. Practical, accessible and illustrated with a wealth of colour images, this is an ideal clinical companion for general dental practitioners, oral surgeons, paediatric dentists and orthodontists. It is also a valuable reference for all training grades.

European Journal of Orthodontics, May 30, 2019

Summary Introduction The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate 34 years’ experience... more Summary Introduction The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate 34 years’ experience of autotransplantation of teeth during orthodontic treatment. Methodology Treatment was completed at Queen Mary’s Hospital, Sidcup, Kent, UK, during the period 1969–2003. A total of 366 teeth were transplanted in 314 patients. Results Canines totalled 78 per cent of all autotransplanted teeth; mean age of patient was 19.4 years. Survival probability for the first 5 years post-autotransplantation was 95 per cent, 94 per cent for the subsequent 5 years, and 88 per cent after 15 years. The maximum observation period was 34 years, the median was 2.0 years, and the mean was 3.51 (standard deviation = 3.68) years. Of the observed teeth, 10 failed and these were lost due to unsuccessful periodontal ligament regeneration and persistent mobility grade III (or greater). Apical pathology was observed in 16 per cent of all autotransplanted teeth. In 79 per cent of this subgroup, apical pathology was evident in the first 3 years post-operatively. Seventy per cent of all external resorption also occurred within the first 3 years. Internal resorption was rare but its occurrence was mostly observed between the second and sixth year post-transplantation. A minority of autotransplanted teeth [14 per cent (n = 51)] needed root canal therapy, and this was completed within the first 6 months post-transplantation. Conclusions Autotransplantation can be a justified procedure with good survival probability. It can be considered an alternative to other treatments, such as prosthodontic replacement of teeth.

Australasian Orthodontic Journal, 2022

Introduction: The present ex-vivo study was designed to evaluate the surface roughness and analys... more Introduction: The present ex-vivo study was designed to evaluate the surface roughness and analyse potential adhesive remnants on the enamel surface after composite removal using either an Er:YSGG WaterLase (WL) (Biolase ® , Irvine, CA, USA) or a tungsten carbide (TC) bur (Alston, England, UK). Methods: An in vitro study was designed using 21 extracted lower premolars. Pre-coated stainless steel brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded on all of the teeth except one, which served as a control. The teeth were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (n = 5), removal of composite with a TC bur. Group 2 (n = 15), removal of composite using the WL. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the surface roughness and atomic composition of the surfaces. Results: Group 1 had a median damage depth of 17.6 µm with a range between 11.5 µ m and 28.7 µ m. Group 2 had a median damage depth of 166.3 µ m, with a range between 86.6 to 263.1 µ m. The depth differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney test). The atomic composition of the WL group was similar to sound enamel. The TC group showed a quantitative increase in carbon and silicone by 38.2% and 11.5%, respectively, a decrease in oxygen by 44.1% and an absence of phosphorous and calcium. Conclusion: WL is efficient at removing composite from the enamel surface but could result in increased enamel surface roughness in comparison with conventional TC burs.

PubMed, Nov 1, 2016

Introduction: The validity, reliability and inter-method agreement of Peer Assessment Scores (PAR... more Introduction: The validity, reliability and inter-method agreement of Peer Assessment Scores (PAR) from acrylic models and their digital analogues were assessed. Method: Ten models of different occlusions were digitised, using a 3 Shape R700 laser scanner (Copenhagen, Denmark). Each set of models was conventionally and digitally PAR-scored twice in random order by 10 examiners. The minimum time between repeat measurements was two weeks. The repeatability was assessed by applying Carstensen's analysis. Inter-method agreement (IEMA) was assessed by Carstensen's limit of agreement (LOA). Results: Intra-examiner repeatability (IER) for the unweighted and weighted data was slightly better for the conventional rather than the digital models. There was a slightly higher negative bias of -1 .62 for the weighted PAR data for the digital models. IEMA for the overall weighted data ranged from -8.70 - 5.45 (95% Confidence Interval, CI). Intra-class Correlation Coefficients lICC) for the weighted data for conventional, individual and average scenarios were 0.955 0.906 - 0.986 CI), 0.998 (0.995 - 0.999 CII. ICC for the weighted digital data, individual and average scenarios were 0.99 (0.97 - 1.00) and 1.00. The percentage reduction required to achieve an optimal occlusion increased by 0.4% for the digital scoring of the weighted data. Conclusion: Digital PAR scores obtained from scanned plastic models were valid and reliable and, in this context, the digital semi-automated method can be used interchangeably with the conventional method of PAR scoring.

European Journal of Orthodontics, May 2, 2022

Summary Background Function, aesthetics, and social and psychological well-being are all importan... more Summary Background Function, aesthetics, and social and psychological well-being are all important aspects for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Objective To evaluate the impact of orthognathic surgery on patient perception and quality of life before, during and after treatment. Search methods All relevant systematic reviews published up to 31st July 2020 have been searched via MEDLINE via OVID, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database), and PubMed. Ongoing systematic reviews and grey literature were eliminated. A manual search was also undertaken, and no restrictions were applied to language or publication date. Selection criteria Systematic reviews involving dentofacial deformities related to systemic disorders, cleft lip and palate, facial trauma, and syndromes affecting cranial and dentofacial structures were excluded. Data collection and analysis Identification, screening, eligibility, and quality assessment [using the AMSTAR 2 tool (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews)] were performed by two authors independently. Data were synthesized qualitatively using thematic analysis. Results A total of 662 eligible studies were obtained of which 24 studies were selected for full-text evaluation, resulting in 12 eligible systematic reviews. Limitations Due to heterogeneity of data, quantitative analysis was not possible. Conclusions and implications Aesthetics and function are the main motives for seeking orthognathic surgery. Patient assessment before, during, and after orthognathic surgery is necessary for a thorough evaluation of self-perception and satisfaction throughout treatment. While psychological and social domains improved after orthognathic surgery treatment, the quality of life can deteriorate transiently during the pre-surgical orthodontic phase of treatment. A standardized assessment tool needs to be developed to assess quality-of-life changes consistently and provide comparable results. Registration CRD42020199091.

Identify problems and introduce solutions early for an ideal aesthetic result Interceptive Orthod... more Identify problems and introduce solutions early for an ideal aesthetic result Interceptive Orthodontics: A Practical Guide to Occlusal Management aims to guide the practitioner in the art of interceptive management of the developing dentition. The goal is to guide the permanent dentition into the line of the dental arches, avoiding complex orthodontic treatment for teeth displaced far from their ideal position, and thereby reducing orthodontic treatment time. This book covers growth of the jaws and tooth development, and explains the correct timing of interceptive management. It also discusses orthodontic assessment, special investigations and comprehensive management of the mixed dentition, taking in the issues of early crowding, impaction, supernumerary and supplemental teeth, dental arch expansion, space maintenance and space management. In line with best available evidence, it provides clear treatment objectives and detailed treatment planning advice. Practical, accessible and illustrated with a wealth of colour images, this is an ideal clinical companion for general dental practitioners, oral surgeons, paediatric dentists and orthodontists. It is also a valuable reference for all training grades.

European Journal of Orthodontics, May 30, 2019

Summary Introduction The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate 34 years’ experience... more Summary Introduction The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate 34 years’ experience of autotransplantation of teeth during orthodontic treatment. Methodology Treatment was completed at Queen Mary’s Hospital, Sidcup, Kent, UK, during the period 1969–2003. A total of 366 teeth were transplanted in 314 patients. Results Canines totalled 78 per cent of all autotransplanted teeth; mean age of patient was 19.4 years. Survival probability for the first 5 years post-autotransplantation was 95 per cent, 94 per cent for the subsequent 5 years, and 88 per cent after 15 years. The maximum observation period was 34 years, the median was 2.0 years, and the mean was 3.51 (standard deviation = 3.68) years. Of the observed teeth, 10 failed and these were lost due to unsuccessful periodontal ligament regeneration and persistent mobility grade III (or greater). Apical pathology was observed in 16 per cent of all autotransplanted teeth. In 79 per cent of this subgroup, apical pathology was evident in the first 3 years post-operatively. Seventy per cent of all external resorption also occurred within the first 3 years. Internal resorption was rare but its occurrence was mostly observed between the second and sixth year post-transplantation. A minority of autotransplanted teeth [14 per cent (n = 51)] needed root canal therapy, and this was completed within the first 6 months post-transplantation. Conclusions Autotransplantation can be a justified procedure with good survival probability. It can be considered an alternative to other treatments, such as prosthodontic replacement of teeth.

Australasian Orthodontic Journal, 2022

Introduction: The present ex-vivo study was designed to evaluate the surface roughness and analys... more Introduction: The present ex-vivo study was designed to evaluate the surface roughness and analyse potential adhesive remnants on the enamel surface after composite removal using either an Er:YSGG WaterLase (WL) (Biolase ® , Irvine, CA, USA) or a tungsten carbide (TC) bur (Alston, England, UK). Methods: An in vitro study was designed using 21 extracted lower premolars. Pre-coated stainless steel brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded on all of the teeth except one, which served as a control. The teeth were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (n = 5), removal of composite with a TC bur. Group 2 (n = 15), removal of composite using the WL. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the surface roughness and atomic composition of the surfaces. Results: Group 1 had a median damage depth of 17.6 µm with a range between 11.5 µ m and 28.7 µ m. Group 2 had a median damage depth of 166.3 µ m, with a range between 86.6 to 263.1 µ m. The depth differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney test). The atomic composition of the WL group was similar to sound enamel. The TC group showed a quantitative increase in carbon and silicone by 38.2% and 11.5%, respectively, a decrease in oxygen by 44.1% and an absence of phosphorous and calcium. Conclusion: WL is efficient at removing composite from the enamel surface but could result in increased enamel surface roughness in comparison with conventional TC burs.

PubMed, Nov 1, 2016

Introduction: The validity, reliability and inter-method agreement of Peer Assessment Scores (PAR... more Introduction: The validity, reliability and inter-method agreement of Peer Assessment Scores (PAR) from acrylic models and their digital analogues were assessed. Method: Ten models of different occlusions were digitised, using a 3 Shape R700 laser scanner (Copenhagen, Denmark). Each set of models was conventionally and digitally PAR-scored twice in random order by 10 examiners. The minimum time between repeat measurements was two weeks. The repeatability was assessed by applying Carstensen's analysis. Inter-method agreement (IEMA) was assessed by Carstensen's limit of agreement (LOA). Results: Intra-examiner repeatability (IER) for the unweighted and weighted data was slightly better for the conventional rather than the digital models. There was a slightly higher negative bias of -1 .62 for the weighted PAR data for the digital models. IEMA for the overall weighted data ranged from -8.70 - 5.45 (95% Confidence Interval, CI). Intra-class Correlation Coefficients lICC) for the weighted data for conventional, individual and average scenarios were 0.955 0.906 - 0.986 CI), 0.998 (0.995 - 0.999 CII. ICC for the weighted digital data, individual and average scenarios were 0.99 (0.97 - 1.00) and 1.00. The percentage reduction required to achieve an optimal occlusion increased by 0.4% for the digital scoring of the weighted data. Conclusion: Digital PAR scores obtained from scanned plastic models were valid and reliable and, in this context, the digital semi-automated method can be used interchangeably with the conventional method of PAR scoring.