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Papers by Stefan Caranovic

In this course students analyze architectural and urban design using current computational method... more In this course students analyze architectural and urban design using current computational methods. Based on these analyses the effects of planning can be simulated and understood. An important focus of this course is the interpretation of the analysis and simulation results and the application of these corresponding methods in early planning phases. The students learn how the design and planning of cities can be evidence based by using scientific methods. The teaching unit convey knowledge in state-of-the-art and emerging spatial analysis and simulation methods and equip students with skills in modern software systems. The course consists of lectures, associated exercises, workshops as well as of one integral project work.

In this course students analyze architectural and urban design using current computational method... more In this course students analyze architectural and urban design using current computational methods. Based on these analyses the effects of planning can be simulated and understood. An important focus of this course is the interpretation of the analysis and simulation results and the application of these corresponding methods in early planning phases. The students learn how the design and planning of cities can be evidence based by using scientific methods. The teaching unit convey knowledge in state-of-the-art and emerging spatial analysis and simulation methods and equip students with skills in modern software systems. The course consists of lectures, associated exercises, workshops as well as of one integral project work.

Fluid-driven elastomeric actuators (FEAs) are among the most popular actuators in the emerging fi... more Fluid-driven elastomeric actuators (FEAs) are among the most popular actuators in the emerging field of soft robotics. Intrinsically compliant, with continuum of motion, large strokes, little friction, and high power-to-weight ratio, they are very similar to biological muscles, and have enabled new applications in automation, architecture, medicine, and human-robot interaction. To foster future applications of FEAs, in this paper we present a new manufacturing method for fast and precise scalable production of complex FEAs of high quality (leak-free, single-body form, with <0.2 mm precision). The method is based on 3d moulding and supports elastomers with a wide range of viscosity, pot life, and Young's modulus. We developed this process for two different settings: one in laboratory conditions for fast prototyping with 3d printed moulds and using multi-component liquid elastomers, and the other process in an industrial setting with 3d moulds micromachined in metal and applyin...

The present investigation was carried out to differentiate the pheromonal compounds of mandibular... more The present investigation was carried out to differentiate the pheromonal compounds of mandibular gland of two different ant species namely tropical fire ant, Oecophylla smaragdina and thorn black ant, Lusios niger from Sivkasi town. The results indicated that there is a distinct difference between the two species in their aromatic and hydrocarbons compounds through GC-MS analysis. The major compounds in the O. smaragdina was found to be mainly hydrocarbon (58%) and aromatic (48%) while comparing with L. niger it has hydrocarbons (71%) and aromatic (29%). The mandibular gland extracts were tested for the pheromonal compounds in the field and we obtained a significant observation of attraction of ants towards the head extracts.

Energy and Buildings, 2019

Based on 2050 Swiss and European Union targets, significant energy performance improvements will ... more Based on 2050 Swiss and European Union targets, significant energy performance improvements will be required for new and renovated buildings. However, the construction industry has a poor record for delivering productivity and efficiency advancement. As proven in other industries, digital methods can shorten product development time and cost by reducing prototyping with the use of numerical simulation. Further, a digital twin is an extensive computational model of a product that is planned to improve over its lifecycle by leveraging operational data. This paper presents a coupled simulation for the thermal design of a heating and cooling system that is integrated with a lightweight roof structure. The concrete roof structure is shape optimised to provide a low embodied energy building element, which is thermally activated to supply space conditioning from a renewable geothermal source. This work is focused on the modelling methodology used by the energy domain to support the development of a digital twin for a multifunctional building element. High-resolution analysis is used to resolve building physics issues and to provide the initial system performance. A parametric geometry model is used to apply the hydronic pipework to a complex roof shape. With input from the previous two steps, a reduced resolution method is used to add the characteristics of the system to an industry standard whole building simulation model. This final step allows for the development of initial control strategies for the novel multifunctional element. The implications of the research findings are discussed in the context of possible alternations to the building design process due to the influence of digital fabrication.

Nature Energy, 2019

Current efforts to improve building envelopes mostly focus on reducing energy demand by static me... more Current efforts to improve building envelopes mostly focus on reducing energy demand by static measures such as insulation, selective glazing and shading. The resulting envelopes are limited in adapting to weather conditions or occupants' needs and leave vast potentials for energy savings, onsite energy generation and improvement of occupant comfort untapped. In this work, we report on a dynamic building envelope that utilizes lightweight modules based on a hybrid hard/soft-material actuator to actively modulate solar radiation for local energy generation, passive heating, shading and daylight penetration. We describe two envelope prototypes and demonstrate autonomous solar tracking in real weather conditions. The dynamic photovoltaic envelope achieves an increase of up to 50% in electricity gains as compared to a static photovoltaic envelope. We assess energy savings potentials for three locations, six construction periods and two building use types. The envelope is most effective in temperate and arid climates, in which, for the cases analyzed, it can provide up to 115% of the net energy demand of an office room. Solar tracking Sha din g Sol ar hea t gai ns and day ligh ting PV pro duc tion Day ligh t and view Sha ding dayl ighti ng

Automation in Construction, 2018

The design of complex architectural components such as kinetic architectural elements poses a cha... more The design of complex architectural components such as kinetic architectural elements poses a challenge due to the multiple technological branches involved. This paper presents a performative design environment that combines the branches of structural and energy engineering, control, industrial design, and architecture. The methodology is applied in the context of the Adaptive Solar Facade, a kinetic photovoltaic shading system for the HiLo building in Duebendorf, Switzerland. The authors describe how the environment enables the user to design the form of the facade, get feedback on its structural strength, analyse the energetic performance of the interior space, conduct a daylighting analysis, render images, and produce fabrication plans for a rapid design process. With the parametric design environment, project meetings transform from information exchanges to design sessions where all stakeholders can collaboratively influence the design and see immediate results. What would normally take a month, was condensed to just a few hours. Ultimately, this paper extends the field of performative design by presenting a practical example where a system as complex as a kinetic photovoltaic envelope can be designed, prototyped, and fabricated by a small team of four designers.

eCAADe proceedings

ch 3 zarbj@student. ethz.ch This paper presents HIVE, a new open source design toolbox, which foc... more ch 3 zarbj@student. ethz.ch This paper presents HIVE, a new open source design toolbox, which focuses on teaching concepts of Energy and Climate Systems integration in buildings. .The aim is to empower architecture students to integrate aspects of energy efficiency during the architectural design process. The tool employs a simplified input format designed for ease of use and provides almost instantaneous, direct feedback to support students of all experience levels in the early, conceptual building design stages, where numerous iterations need to be conducted efficiently within a short period of time.The project aims to create a robust toolbox that will become an innovative reference in architecture and engineering-lectures, design studios, and project-based learning-through its capacity to quickly, and effectively, translate building energy systems concepts into graphic formats central to building design teaching and practice. The fast feedback that the users receive to their design parameters changes will enable an effective and quick build-up of tacit knowledge about building energy systems, complementary to the explicit, theoretical knowledge that is usually taught in courses, thus creating a more complete learning experience.

In this course students analyze architectural and urban design using current computational method... more In this course students analyze architectural and urban design using current computational methods. Based on these analyses the effects of planning can be simulated and understood. An important focus of this course is the interpretation of the analysis and simulation results and the application of these corresponding methods in early planning phases. The students learn how the design and planning of cities can be evidence based by using scientific methods. The teaching unit convey knowledge in state-of-the-art and emerging spatial analysis and simulation methods and equip students with skills in modern software systems. The course consists of lectures, associated exercises, workshops as well as of one integral project work.

In this course students analyze architectural and urban design using current computational method... more In this course students analyze architectural and urban design using current computational methods. Based on these analyses the effects of planning can be simulated and understood. An important focus of this course is the interpretation of the analysis and simulation results and the application of these corresponding methods in early planning phases. The students learn how the design and planning of cities can be evidence based by using scientific methods. The teaching unit convey knowledge in state-of-the-art and emerging spatial analysis and simulation methods and equip students with skills in modern software systems. The course consists of lectures, associated exercises, workshops as well as of one integral project work.

Fluid-driven elastomeric actuators (FEAs) are among the most popular actuators in the emerging fi... more Fluid-driven elastomeric actuators (FEAs) are among the most popular actuators in the emerging field of soft robotics. Intrinsically compliant, with continuum of motion, large strokes, little friction, and high power-to-weight ratio, they are very similar to biological muscles, and have enabled new applications in automation, architecture, medicine, and human-robot interaction. To foster future applications of FEAs, in this paper we present a new manufacturing method for fast and precise scalable production of complex FEAs of high quality (leak-free, single-body form, with <0.2 mm precision). The method is based on 3d moulding and supports elastomers with a wide range of viscosity, pot life, and Young's modulus. We developed this process for two different settings: one in laboratory conditions for fast prototyping with 3d printed moulds and using multi-component liquid elastomers, and the other process in an industrial setting with 3d moulds micromachined in metal and applyin...

The present investigation was carried out to differentiate the pheromonal compounds of mandibular... more The present investigation was carried out to differentiate the pheromonal compounds of mandibular gland of two different ant species namely tropical fire ant, Oecophylla smaragdina and thorn black ant, Lusios niger from Sivkasi town. The results indicated that there is a distinct difference between the two species in their aromatic and hydrocarbons compounds through GC-MS analysis. The major compounds in the O. smaragdina was found to be mainly hydrocarbon (58%) and aromatic (48%) while comparing with L. niger it has hydrocarbons (71%) and aromatic (29%). The mandibular gland extracts were tested for the pheromonal compounds in the field and we obtained a significant observation of attraction of ants towards the head extracts.

Energy and Buildings, 2019

Based on 2050 Swiss and European Union targets, significant energy performance improvements will ... more Based on 2050 Swiss and European Union targets, significant energy performance improvements will be required for new and renovated buildings. However, the construction industry has a poor record for delivering productivity and efficiency advancement. As proven in other industries, digital methods can shorten product development time and cost by reducing prototyping with the use of numerical simulation. Further, a digital twin is an extensive computational model of a product that is planned to improve over its lifecycle by leveraging operational data. This paper presents a coupled simulation for the thermal design of a heating and cooling system that is integrated with a lightweight roof structure. The concrete roof structure is shape optimised to provide a low embodied energy building element, which is thermally activated to supply space conditioning from a renewable geothermal source. This work is focused on the modelling methodology used by the energy domain to support the development of a digital twin for a multifunctional building element. High-resolution analysis is used to resolve building physics issues and to provide the initial system performance. A parametric geometry model is used to apply the hydronic pipework to a complex roof shape. With input from the previous two steps, a reduced resolution method is used to add the characteristics of the system to an industry standard whole building simulation model. This final step allows for the development of initial control strategies for the novel multifunctional element. The implications of the research findings are discussed in the context of possible alternations to the building design process due to the influence of digital fabrication.

Nature Energy, 2019

Current efforts to improve building envelopes mostly focus on reducing energy demand by static me... more Current efforts to improve building envelopes mostly focus on reducing energy demand by static measures such as insulation, selective glazing and shading. The resulting envelopes are limited in adapting to weather conditions or occupants' needs and leave vast potentials for energy savings, onsite energy generation and improvement of occupant comfort untapped. In this work, we report on a dynamic building envelope that utilizes lightweight modules based on a hybrid hard/soft-material actuator to actively modulate solar radiation for local energy generation, passive heating, shading and daylight penetration. We describe two envelope prototypes and demonstrate autonomous solar tracking in real weather conditions. The dynamic photovoltaic envelope achieves an increase of up to 50% in electricity gains as compared to a static photovoltaic envelope. We assess energy savings potentials for three locations, six construction periods and two building use types. The envelope is most effective in temperate and arid climates, in which, for the cases analyzed, it can provide up to 115% of the net energy demand of an office room. Solar tracking Sha din g Sol ar hea t gai ns and day ligh ting PV pro duc tion Day ligh t and view Sha ding dayl ighti ng

Automation in Construction, 2018

The design of complex architectural components such as kinetic architectural elements poses a cha... more The design of complex architectural components such as kinetic architectural elements poses a challenge due to the multiple technological branches involved. This paper presents a performative design environment that combines the branches of structural and energy engineering, control, industrial design, and architecture. The methodology is applied in the context of the Adaptive Solar Facade, a kinetic photovoltaic shading system for the HiLo building in Duebendorf, Switzerland. The authors describe how the environment enables the user to design the form of the facade, get feedback on its structural strength, analyse the energetic performance of the interior space, conduct a daylighting analysis, render images, and produce fabrication plans for a rapid design process. With the parametric design environment, project meetings transform from information exchanges to design sessions where all stakeholders can collaboratively influence the design and see immediate results. What would normally take a month, was condensed to just a few hours. Ultimately, this paper extends the field of performative design by presenting a practical example where a system as complex as a kinetic photovoltaic envelope can be designed, prototyped, and fabricated by a small team of four designers.

eCAADe proceedings

ch 3 zarbj@student. ethz.ch This paper presents HIVE, a new open source design toolbox, which foc... more ch 3 zarbj@student. ethz.ch This paper presents HIVE, a new open source design toolbox, which focuses on teaching concepts of Energy and Climate Systems integration in buildings. .The aim is to empower architecture students to integrate aspects of energy efficiency during the architectural design process. The tool employs a simplified input format designed for ease of use and provides almost instantaneous, direct feedback to support students of all experience levels in the early, conceptual building design stages, where numerous iterations need to be conducted efficiently within a short period of time.The project aims to create a robust toolbox that will become an innovative reference in architecture and engineering-lectures, design studios, and project-based learning-through its capacity to quickly, and effectively, translate building energy systems concepts into graphic formats central to building design teaching and practice. The fast feedback that the users receive to their design parameters changes will enable an effective and quick build-up of tacit knowledge about building energy systems, complementary to the explicit, theoretical knowledge that is usually taught in courses, thus creating a more complete learning experience.