Stefan Steiniger - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Stefan Steiniger
The planning and execution of urban development projects should involve citizen participation. Ci... more The planning and execution of urban development projects should involve citizen participation. Citizen participation is essential if the needs of the population are to be addressed when undertaking public development projects, and participation is essential if private construction projects are to be accepted by the residents that live adjacent to and within such projects. As a new -complementary -form of citizen engagement the planning and participatory Geographic Information Systems (GIS) literature proposes the use of Web 2.0 technologies to facilitate engagement with a broader range of citizens. The PlanYourPlace project was established to develop such a participatory planning platform for communities within and surrounding the City of Calgary. In particular the platform should enable citizens to voice their opinions, and facilitate discussion of urban development scenarios between citizenry, city planners, and decision makers. Social networks provide functions that allow participants to inform, discuss, vote and share, whereas GIS provides functions for creating plans and performing impact assessments. Hence, the proposed planning platform merges social networking with GIS. In this article we outline what functionality the participatory planning platform should provide, and discuss constraints that emerge when considering the platform user, the intended user activities, the context of use, and access to data. We will then present a technical architecture for the web platform that can address these constraints. Subsequently we report on the current state of implementation and outline challenges for future work.
Software that is used to create, manage, analyze and visualize geographic data, i.e. data with a ... more Software that is used to create, manage, analyze and visualize geographic data, i.e. data with a reference to a place on earth, is usually denoted by the umbrella term 'GIS software'. Typical applications for GIS software include the evaluation of places for the location of new stores, the management of power and gas lines, the creation of maps, the analysis of past crimes for crime prevention, route calculations for transport tasks, the management of forests, parks and infrastructure, such as roads and water ways, as well as applications in risk analysis of natural hazards, and emergency planning and response. For this multitude of applications different types of
Current generalisation approaches use cartographic constraints for the situation analysis and eva... more Current generalisation approaches use cartographic constraints for the situation analysis and evaluation, as well as the selection of generalisation operators. Despite the importance of the constraints for the whole generalisation process, little research has been done about relationships between constraints and their interdependencies. The aim of this paper is the investigation of such relationships with help of Principal Component Analysis
Independent Component Analysis, 2000
Research in map generalization starts to focus on other types of maps than on topographic maps on... more Research in map generalization starts to focus on other types of maps than on topographic maps only. There- fore, new generalization concepts have to be developed, extending on the experiences and research efforts originally made in topographic generalization. This paper presents a new conceptual framework of map generalization with re- spect to thematic mapping based on an analysis of the
Abstract, Focusing on thematic and more specifically, cate-gorical maps, the paper emphasises the... more Abstract, Focusing on thematic and more specifically, cate-gorical maps, the paper emphasises the importance of horizontal relations in automated generalisation. A literature review shows that automated generalisation of thematic maps has not received ample attention. It shows further that the extraction and use of relations in topographic maps for generalisation purposes is making progress, but no systematic categorisation for relations
After completion of the lesson you will be able to… • identify the components and participants of... more After completion of the lesson you will be able to… • identify the components and participants of LBS applications,
Recent advances in Web technologies have opened avenues to create socio-technical platforms that ... more Recent advances in Web technologies have opened avenues to create socio-technical platforms that can empower citizens in urban planning processes. The rise of the GeoWeb and the popularity of Web 2.0 collaborative tools can facilitate the develop- ment of a new generation of bottom-up Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) platforms that can incorporate user-generated content into Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). New service-based delivery mechanisms can provide architectural flexibility and adaptability, and enable the public to benefit from ubiquitous information access. From an e-participation perspective, Web 2.0 social networking functions support interactive communication among various PPGIS stakeholders, e.g., citizens, planners, and decision makers. The main contribution of this article is to present a reference architecture for e-planning platforms that (1) facilitates effective e-participation by allowing multidirectional map-based communication among various land development stakeholders (e.g., planners, decision makers, citizens, etc.), and (2) enables incorporation of visualization, evaluation, and discussion capabilities to support community planning processes. To achieve this, we developed a service-oriented architecture (SOA) that exploits SDI principles and Web 2.0 technologies. The platform architecture allows heterogeneous data sources, analytical functionality and tools, and presentation frameworks to be plugged into a coherent system to provide a planning and decision support platform. We present two real-world implementations of the proposed architecture that have been developed to support community engagement in the City of Calgary, Canada.
ABSTRACT Recognition of urban structures is of interest in cartography and urban modelling. While... more ABSTRACT Recognition of urban structures is of interest in cartography and urban modelling. While a broad range of typologies of urban patterns have been published in the last century, relatively little research on the automated recognition of such structures exists. This work presents a sample-based approach for the recognition of five types of urban structures: (1) inner city areas, (2) industrial and commercial areas, (3) urban areas, (4) suburban areas and (5) rural areas. The classification approach is based only on the characterisation of building geometries with morphological measures derived from perceptual principles of Gestalt psychology. Thereby, size, shape and density of buildings are evaluated. After defining the research questions we develop the classification methodology and evaluate the approach with respect to several aspects. The experiments focus on the impact of different classification algorithms, correlations and contributions of measures, parameterisation of buffer-based indices, and mode filtering. In addition to that, we investigate the influence of scale and regional factors. The results show that the chosen approach is generally successful. It turns out that scale, algorithm parameterisation, and regional heterogeneity of building structures substantially influence the classification performance.
Automated processes such as cartographic generalisation require formal abstraction of the geograp... more Automated processes such as cartographic generalisation require formal abstraction of the geographic space in order to analyse, process and transform it. Spatial relations are key to understanding geographic space and their modelling is a critical issue. This chapter reports on existing classifications and modelling frameworks for spatial relations. A generic model is proposed for building an ontology of spatial relations for automatic processes such as generalisation or ondemand mapping, with a focus on so-called multiple representation relations. Propositions to use such ontology in an automated environment are reported. The three use cases of the chapter describe recent research that uses relations modelling. The first use case is the extension of CityGML with relations for 3D city models. The second use case presents the use of spatial relations for automatic spatial analysis, and particularly the grouping of natural features such as lakes or islands. Finally, the third use case is a data migration model guided by relations that govern the positioning of thematic data upon changing reference data.
Utilization distributions (UDs) can be used to describe with what intensity an animal or human ma... more Utilization distributions (UDs) can be used to describe with what intensity an animal or human may use a certain geographical location within the environment it is living in. Such a density distribution model represents one way to describe and obtain an animals' home range in wildlife ecology. Several methods to derive UDs and subsequently home ranges have been developed, for instance Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Brownian Bridges (BB), two probabilistic approaches, and Local Convex Hull (LoCoH) methods. KDE and LoCoH have been developed with point-based datasets in mind that describe the observation of an animal, and hence don't utilize additional information that comes with GPSbased tracking data from collars. We have extended the point-based KDE approach to work with sequential GPS-point tracks, calling it a line-based KDE. We (i) introduce the basicapproach, (ii) refine it by introducing a scaling function to achieve a better model for the utilization function of space, and (iii) compare results of our approach with point-KDE and BB. Advantages of the line-based KDE by design are a better representation of utilization density near GPS points in comparison with the BB approach, and the ability to model and retain travel corridors in comparison with the point-KDE.
Over the past twenty years a set of methods for home-range estimation and analysis of animal obse... more Over the past twenty years a set of methods for home-range estimation and analysis of animal observation data have been developed. Whereas comparisons among the estimation methods and different estimation software are available, only the adahabitat analysis toolbox for R is under a free and open source software license and includes established and new home range estimation approaches, such as Kernel Density Estimation, Brownian Bridges and Local Convex Hulls. However, R and adehabitat are rather catering the needs of the scientific user and not the wildlife manager with respect to its general look & feel, and further, provide only a limited set of functions for the analysis of home ranges with environmental geodata, e.g. land-cover and elevation data. This article presents a free and open-source home range analysis toolbox that (i) focuses on the evaluation of GPS collar data, (ii) aims to be fairly straight forward to use by the wildlife manager, and (iii) integrates with a desktop GIS to allow data analysis beyond the creation of home ranges. Since the developed software is distributed under a free and open source license also research can benefit since implemented algorithms can be directly tested and improved.
Over the last decade an increasing number of free and open source software projects have been fou... more Over the last decade an increasing number of free and open source software projects have been founded that concentrate on developing several types of software for geographic data collection, storage, analysis and visualization. We first identify the drivers of such software projects and identify different types of geographic information software, e.g. desktop GIS, remote sensing software, server GIS etc. We then list the major projects for each software category. Afterwards we discuss the points that should be considered if free and open source software is to be selected for use in business and research, such as software functionality, license types and their restrictions, developer and user community characteristics, etc. Finally possible future developments are addressed.
Page 1. Techniques for LBS Cartography Responsible persons: Moritz Neun (Overall) Alistair Edward... more Page 1. Techniques for LBS Cartography Responsible persons: Moritz Neun (Overall) Alistair Edwardes (Specials) Stefan Steiniger (Specials) Page 2. Page 3. Content 1. Techniques for LBS Cartography ..... 2 1.1. ...
The planning and execution of urban development projects should involve citizen participation. Ci... more The planning and execution of urban development projects should involve citizen participation. Citizen participation is essential if the needs of the population are to be addressed when undertaking public development projects, and participation is essential if private construction projects are to be accepted by the residents that live adjacent to and within such projects. As a new -complementary -form of citizen engagement the planning and participatory Geographic Information Systems (GIS) literature proposes the use of Web 2.0 technologies to facilitate engagement with a broader range of citizens. The PlanYourPlace project was established to develop such a participatory planning platform for communities within and surrounding the City of Calgary. In particular the platform should enable citizens to voice their opinions, and facilitate discussion of urban development scenarios between citizenry, city planners, and decision makers. Social networks provide functions that allow participants to inform, discuss, vote and share, whereas GIS provides functions for creating plans and performing impact assessments. Hence, the proposed planning platform merges social networking with GIS. In this article we outline what functionality the participatory planning platform should provide, and discuss constraints that emerge when considering the platform user, the intended user activities, the context of use, and access to data. We will then present a technical architecture for the web platform that can address these constraints. Subsequently we report on the current state of implementation and outline challenges for future work.
Software that is used to create, manage, analyze and visualize geographic data, i.e. data with a ... more Software that is used to create, manage, analyze and visualize geographic data, i.e. data with a reference to a place on earth, is usually denoted by the umbrella term 'GIS software'. Typical applications for GIS software include the evaluation of places for the location of new stores, the management of power and gas lines, the creation of maps, the analysis of past crimes for crime prevention, route calculations for transport tasks, the management of forests, parks and infrastructure, such as roads and water ways, as well as applications in risk analysis of natural hazards, and emergency planning and response. For this multitude of applications different types of
Current generalisation approaches use cartographic constraints for the situation analysis and eva... more Current generalisation approaches use cartographic constraints for the situation analysis and evaluation, as well as the selection of generalisation operators. Despite the importance of the constraints for the whole generalisation process, little research has been done about relationships between constraints and their interdependencies. The aim of this paper is the investigation of such relationships with help of Principal Component Analysis
Independent Component Analysis, 2000
Research in map generalization starts to focus on other types of maps than on topographic maps on... more Research in map generalization starts to focus on other types of maps than on topographic maps only. There- fore, new generalization concepts have to be developed, extending on the experiences and research efforts originally made in topographic generalization. This paper presents a new conceptual framework of map generalization with re- spect to thematic mapping based on an analysis of the
Abstract, Focusing on thematic and more specifically, cate-gorical maps, the paper emphasises the... more Abstract, Focusing on thematic and more specifically, cate-gorical maps, the paper emphasises the importance of horizontal relations in automated generalisation. A literature review shows that automated generalisation of thematic maps has not received ample attention. It shows further that the extraction and use of relations in topographic maps for generalisation purposes is making progress, but no systematic categorisation for relations
After completion of the lesson you will be able to… • identify the components and participants of... more After completion of the lesson you will be able to… • identify the components and participants of LBS applications,
Recent advances in Web technologies have opened avenues to create socio-technical platforms that ... more Recent advances in Web technologies have opened avenues to create socio-technical platforms that can empower citizens in urban planning processes. The rise of the GeoWeb and the popularity of Web 2.0 collaborative tools can facilitate the develop- ment of a new generation of bottom-up Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) platforms that can incorporate user-generated content into Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). New service-based delivery mechanisms can provide architectural flexibility and adaptability, and enable the public to benefit from ubiquitous information access. From an e-participation perspective, Web 2.0 social networking functions support interactive communication among various PPGIS stakeholders, e.g., citizens, planners, and decision makers. The main contribution of this article is to present a reference architecture for e-planning platforms that (1) facilitates effective e-participation by allowing multidirectional map-based communication among various land development stakeholders (e.g., planners, decision makers, citizens, etc.), and (2) enables incorporation of visualization, evaluation, and discussion capabilities to support community planning processes. To achieve this, we developed a service-oriented architecture (SOA) that exploits SDI principles and Web 2.0 technologies. The platform architecture allows heterogeneous data sources, analytical functionality and tools, and presentation frameworks to be plugged into a coherent system to provide a planning and decision support platform. We present two real-world implementations of the proposed architecture that have been developed to support community engagement in the City of Calgary, Canada.
ABSTRACT Recognition of urban structures is of interest in cartography and urban modelling. While... more ABSTRACT Recognition of urban structures is of interest in cartography and urban modelling. While a broad range of typologies of urban patterns have been published in the last century, relatively little research on the automated recognition of such structures exists. This work presents a sample-based approach for the recognition of five types of urban structures: (1) inner city areas, (2) industrial and commercial areas, (3) urban areas, (4) suburban areas and (5) rural areas. The classification approach is based only on the characterisation of building geometries with morphological measures derived from perceptual principles of Gestalt psychology. Thereby, size, shape and density of buildings are evaluated. After defining the research questions we develop the classification methodology and evaluate the approach with respect to several aspects. The experiments focus on the impact of different classification algorithms, correlations and contributions of measures, parameterisation of buffer-based indices, and mode filtering. In addition to that, we investigate the influence of scale and regional factors. The results show that the chosen approach is generally successful. It turns out that scale, algorithm parameterisation, and regional heterogeneity of building structures substantially influence the classification performance.
Automated processes such as cartographic generalisation require formal abstraction of the geograp... more Automated processes such as cartographic generalisation require formal abstraction of the geographic space in order to analyse, process and transform it. Spatial relations are key to understanding geographic space and their modelling is a critical issue. This chapter reports on existing classifications and modelling frameworks for spatial relations. A generic model is proposed for building an ontology of spatial relations for automatic processes such as generalisation or ondemand mapping, with a focus on so-called multiple representation relations. Propositions to use such ontology in an automated environment are reported. The three use cases of the chapter describe recent research that uses relations modelling. The first use case is the extension of CityGML with relations for 3D city models. The second use case presents the use of spatial relations for automatic spatial analysis, and particularly the grouping of natural features such as lakes or islands. Finally, the third use case is a data migration model guided by relations that govern the positioning of thematic data upon changing reference data.
Utilization distributions (UDs) can be used to describe with what intensity an animal or human ma... more Utilization distributions (UDs) can be used to describe with what intensity an animal or human may use a certain geographical location within the environment it is living in. Such a density distribution model represents one way to describe and obtain an animals' home range in wildlife ecology. Several methods to derive UDs and subsequently home ranges have been developed, for instance Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Brownian Bridges (BB), two probabilistic approaches, and Local Convex Hull (LoCoH) methods. KDE and LoCoH have been developed with point-based datasets in mind that describe the observation of an animal, and hence don't utilize additional information that comes with GPSbased tracking data from collars. We have extended the point-based KDE approach to work with sequential GPS-point tracks, calling it a line-based KDE. We (i) introduce the basicapproach, (ii) refine it by introducing a scaling function to achieve a better model for the utilization function of space, and (iii) compare results of our approach with point-KDE and BB. Advantages of the line-based KDE by design are a better representation of utilization density near GPS points in comparison with the BB approach, and the ability to model and retain travel corridors in comparison with the point-KDE.
Over the past twenty years a set of methods for home-range estimation and analysis of animal obse... more Over the past twenty years a set of methods for home-range estimation and analysis of animal observation data have been developed. Whereas comparisons among the estimation methods and different estimation software are available, only the adahabitat analysis toolbox for R is under a free and open source software license and includes established and new home range estimation approaches, such as Kernel Density Estimation, Brownian Bridges and Local Convex Hulls. However, R and adehabitat are rather catering the needs of the scientific user and not the wildlife manager with respect to its general look & feel, and further, provide only a limited set of functions for the analysis of home ranges with environmental geodata, e.g. land-cover and elevation data. This article presents a free and open-source home range analysis toolbox that (i) focuses on the evaluation of GPS collar data, (ii) aims to be fairly straight forward to use by the wildlife manager, and (iii) integrates with a desktop GIS to allow data analysis beyond the creation of home ranges. Since the developed software is distributed under a free and open source license also research can benefit since implemented algorithms can be directly tested and improved.
Over the last decade an increasing number of free and open source software projects have been fou... more Over the last decade an increasing number of free and open source software projects have been founded that concentrate on developing several types of software for geographic data collection, storage, analysis and visualization. We first identify the drivers of such software projects and identify different types of geographic information software, e.g. desktop GIS, remote sensing software, server GIS etc. We then list the major projects for each software category. Afterwards we discuss the points that should be considered if free and open source software is to be selected for use in business and research, such as software functionality, license types and their restrictions, developer and user community characteristics, etc. Finally possible future developments are addressed.
Page 1. Techniques for LBS Cartography Responsible persons: Moritz Neun (Overall) Alistair Edward... more Page 1. Techniques for LBS Cartography Responsible persons: Moritz Neun (Overall) Alistair Edwardes (Specials) Stefan Steiniger (Specials) Page 2. Page 3. Content 1. Techniques for LBS Cartography ..... 2 1.1. ...