Stephanie Porter - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Stephanie Porter

Limnanthes co-occurrence matrix for 100 meter scale

Description of samples used to generate the Clarkia phylogeny

Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2021

ABSTRACT We report pilot studies to evaluate the susceptibility of common domestic livestock (cat... more ABSTRACT We report pilot studies to evaluate the susceptibility of common domestic livestock (cattle, sheep, goat, alpaca, rabbit, and horse) to intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2. None of the infected animals shed infectious virus via nasal, oral, or faecal routes, although viral RNA was detected in several animals. Further, neutralizing antibody titres were low or non-existent one month following infection. These results suggest that domestic livestock are unlikely to contribute to SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology.

Genetics, 1993

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the binding of the Rap1 protein to a site located between ... more In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the binding of the Rap1 protein to a site located between the 5' end of the HIS4 gene and the 3' end of BIK1 stimulates meiotic recombination at both flanking loci. By using strains that contain mutations located in HIS4 and BIK1, we found that most recombination events stimulated by the binding of Rap1 involve HIS4 or BIK1, rather than bidirectional events including both loci. The patterns of aberrant segregation indicate that most of the Rap1-stimulated recombination events do not represent the symmetric processing of a double-strand DNA break located at the Rap1-binding site.

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has reached nearly every country in the world with extraordinar... more The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has reached nearly every country in the world with extraordinary person-to-person transmission. The most likely original source of the virus was spillover from an animal reservoir and subsequent adaptation to humans sometime during the winter of 2019 in Wuhan Province, China. Because of its genetic similarity to SARS-CoV-1, it is likely that this novel virus has a similar host range and receptor specificity. Due to concern for human-pet transmission, we investigated the susceptibility of domestic cats and dogs to infection and potential for infected cats to transmit to naïve cats. We report that cats are highly susceptible to subclinical infection, with a prolonged period of oral and nasal viral shedding that is not accompanied by clinical signs, and are capable of direct contact transmission to other cats. These studies confirm that cats are susceptible to productive SARS-CoV-2 infection, but are unlikely to develop clinical disease. Further, we do...

Evolution, 2021

Although most invasive species engage in mutualism, we know little about how mutualism evolves as... more Although most invasive species engage in mutualism, we know little about how mutualism evolves as partners colonize novel environments. Selection on cooperation and standing genetic variation for mutualism traits may differ between a mutualism's invaded and native ranges, which could alter cooperation and coevolutionary dynamics. To test for such differences, we compare mutualism traits between invaded‐ and native‐range host‐symbiont genotype combinations of the weedy legume, Medicago polymorpha, and its nitrogen‐fixing rhizobium symbiont, Ensifer medicae, which have coinvaded North America. We find that mutualism benefits for plants are indistinguishable between invaded‐ and native‐range symbioses. However, rhizobia gain greater fitness from invaded‐range mutualisms than from native‐range mutualisms, and this enhancement of symbiont fecundity could increase the mutualism's spread by increasing symbiont availability during plant colonization. Furthermore, mutualism traits in invaded‐range symbioses show lower genetic variance and a simpler partitioning of genetic variance between host and symbiont sources, compared to native‐range symbioses. This suggests that biological invasion has reduced mutualists’ potential to respond to coevolutionary selection. Additionally, rhizobia bearing a locus (hrrP) that can enhance symbiotic fitness have more exploitative phenotypes in invaded‐range than in native‐range symbioses. These findings highlight the impacts of biological invasion on the evolution of mutualistic interactions.

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 1998

Cytomix, a mixture of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, induces nitric o... more Cytomix, a mixture of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, induces nitric oxide (NO) production in lung epithelial cell lines. It is not known whether neoplastic transformation alters a cell’s ability to form NO in response to cytokines. The present study investigated NO formation in two murine lines of immortalized “normal” (nontumorigenic) lung epithelial cells of alveolar type II origin, E10 and C10, and their sibling spontaneous transformants, E9 and A5. Nontumorigenic cells elaborated much more NO after cytomix exposure than did their tumorigenic counterparts. NO production was prevented by inhibiting protein synthesis and NO synthase and attenuated by dexamethasone. Northern and Western blot analyses of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) demonstrated cytomix-induced induction of iNOS only in nontumorigenic cells. The deficiency in NO production in tumorigenic cells was not associated with reduced iNOS mRNA stability or with differences in cytomix-induced nuclea...

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2017

Masyarakat dusun Umpak dan Mindi sebelumnya telah diberikan pelatihan pembuatan krupuk susu. Hasi... more Masyarakat dusun Umpak dan Mindi sebelumnya telah diberikan pelatihan pembuatan krupuk susu. Hasil dari pelatihan tersebut adalah terciptanya industri rumah tangga atau UKM pembuatan krupuk susu. Hasil dari UKM ini cukup digemari warga sekitar. Namun untuk pemasaran dan pengembangan usaha kearah yang lebih luas belum dapat dijalankan, mengingat usaha ini belum memiliki ijin dan manajemen yang tepat selama proses produksi hingga pemasaran. Menanggapi masalah tersebut perlu ditawarkan suatu ipteks tentang cara pengembangan usaha krupuk susu yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan UKM krupuk susu melalui proses pelatihan manajemen usaha krupuk susu dan pembuatan perijinan ke dinas kesehatan setempat. Program pelatihan ini terdiri dari tiga sesi yaitu pelatihan manajemen usaha krupuk susu, perijinan PIRT ke dinkes dan evaluasi program. Adapun luaran pada program pelatihan ini adalah terciptanya usaha krupuk susu yang berkembang di beberapa tempat salah satunya adalah pusat oleholeh. Hasil dari program pengabdian ini sebagai berikut: 1). Usaha krupuk susu telah memiliki manajemen yang lebih baik selama proses produksi hingga pemasaran yang dilengkapi dengan administrasi untuk menunjang kegiatan UKM, 2). Telah mendapatkan nomor ijin dagang rumah tangga (PIRT) setelah dilalui melalui beberapa tahapan. 3). Kegiatan pemasaran produk melalui online dan juga merambah sektor pariwisata (toko oleholeh).

Viruses, 2016

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first recognized in 2012 and can ... more The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first recognized in 2012 and can cause severe disease in infected humans. Dromedary camels are the reservoir for the virus, although, other than nasal discharge, these animals do not display any overt clinical disease. Data from in vitro experiments suggest that other livestock such as sheep, goats, and horses might also contribute to viral transmission, although field data has not identified any seropositive animals. In order to understand if these animals could be infected, we challenged young goats and horses and adult sheep with MERS-CoV by intranasal inoculation. Minimal or no virus shedding was detected in all of the animals. During the four weeks following inoculation, neutralizing antibodies were detected in the young goats, but not in sheep or horses.

Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2016

To evaluate possible modes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) acquisition in pregnant women found to be H... more To evaluate possible modes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) acquisition in pregnant women found to be HCV-infected in the prenatal period and to assess transmission risk factors. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study conducted from March 2014 through June 2015 involving the distribution of an anonymous survey to HCV-infected pregnant women that assessed for numerous modes of potential HCV transmission involving, intravenous drug use, blood transfusion, organ transplant, sexual contact, tattoos, and snorting drugs with a straw. Participants were drawn from our institutional obstetric high-risk clinic. Statistical analysis involved simple percentages and x 2 comparisons where appropriate; P,.05 was considered significant. To test biologic plausibility, snorting utensils confiscated by law enforcement authorities from patients not in this study were tested for the presence of human blood. RESULTS: A total of 189 HCV-infected pregnant patients completed the survey, and no approached patients declined. Of these, 136 (72%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 65-78%) admitted to intravenous drug use, of whom 89 (65%, 95% CI 57-73%) reported sharing needles. Of the 178 (94%, 95% CI 90-97%) who admitted snorting drugs, 164 (92%, 95% CI 87-96%) reported sharing straws. The difference between the proportion reporting sharing of snorting utensils compared with the proportion sharing intravenous drug use utensils was significant (P,.001). Twenty-nine patients (15%, 95% CI 11-21%) reported snorting drugs and sharing straws but denied any other risk factor except sexual contact. Of the 54 straws confiscated by law enforcement authorities, 13 (24%, 95% CI 13-38%) tested positive for the presence of human blood. CONCLUSION: Sharing snorting utensils (straws) in noninjection drug use may be an additional risk factor for HCV and other virus transmission.

Designed for Massachusetts parents and adolescents with special health needs, this booklet provid... more Designed for Massachusetts parents and adolescents with special health needs, this booklet provides information on the transition to adulthood. It covers four major areas of adulthood: health care, education, employment, and recreation. It includes: (1) a family fact sheet on health care transition that explains important issues and lists practical steps that should be addressed in adolescence; (2) information for adolescents on becoming their own health care advocates; (3) tips for creating an effective educational transition plan; (4) information for adolescents on taking charge of their education; (5) suggestions for planning for employment; (6) information for adolescents on preparing for a job; (7) tips for creating rewarding recreational experiences; (8) information for adolescents on making friends, enjoying recreation in their community, and having fun at home; (9) Internet resources on transition; (10) suggestions for communicating with doctors and other health care providers; (11) a checklist for planning for education after high school; (12) potential consultants to the transition team; (13) agency resources relating to transition planning; (14) Massachusetts state resources; (15) information on Social Security Income work incentives; (16) a checklist for planning for employment; and (17) a summary of the laws related to adolescent transition. (Contains 31 references.) (CR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Dear Families and Teens, The journey to adulthood fora child with special health care needs or disability is filled with joys and challenges as it is for any child just more so. From the day the special health care need is known and onward, family members must learn new vocabulary, new techniques and procedures. They meet doctors and other health providers they may never have known even existed. They learn about and become connected to organizations, programs and people in their community whose path they had never crossed before. They even learn about laws unknown to them earlier. Life can become more than busy as families work to get the best for all their members. As these full days unfold, our children are entering their adulthood an adulthood that should offer them the opportunities, pleasures, and challenges available to anyone. This booklet has been developed for families to help you prepare together for adulthood. Just as families have had to spend more than the average amount of time attending to their young child's care, the transition to adulthood will be best accomplished if families devote extra effort and energy to that transition. This booklet has been written to help and guide you to give you the information, ideas, tools, and resources you need along the way.

The problem under investigation in this research project was the gap in scientific literature des... more The problem under investigation in this research project was the gap in scientific literature describing the experiences of mental health workers who work with suicidal clients. This study gathered information through semi-structured interviews of mental health professionals who had experience working with this population. The participants were able to describe the effects their work had on their emotional state, social experiences and spirituality. There was a common perception among the participants that more training is needed for new clinicians in the field about how to be effective with clients who are suicidal. The participants also described a certain set of skills that a mental health professional should develop in order to be competent in this type of work. Many of the participants described the necessity of self-care as well as the need for supervisory and peer support. The concept of vicarious traumatization of mental health workers working with suicidal clients is also explored. Implications for further research include studying the experiences of mental health workers working in geographic areas with a high rate of suicide as well as studying at the experiences of mental health workers working with military personnel.

NASN School Nurse, 2013

Children with special health care needs are those who have a health condition that requires healt... more Children with special health care needs are those who have a health condition that requires health or related health services over and above what is expected to be required for the majority of children who are typically developing. Children with special health care needs have a range of conditions that may require medical technology. For the purposes of this article, emergency preparedness for children with special health care needs who require oxygen, tracheostomy care, and ventilator care will be discussed.

BMC genomics, Jan 22, 2014

As our world becomes warmer, agriculture is increasingly impacted by rising soil salinity and und... more As our world becomes warmer, agriculture is increasingly impacted by rising soil salinity and understanding plant adaptation to salt stress can help enable effective crop breeding. Salt tolerance is a complex plant phenotype and we know little about the pathways utilized by naturally tolerant plants. Legumes are important species in agricultural and natural ecosystems, since they engage in symbiotic nitrogen-fixation, but are especially vulnerable to salinity stress. Our studies of the model legume Medicago truncatula in field and greenhouse settings demonstrate that Tunisian populations are locally adapted to saline soils at the metapopulation level and that saline origin genotypes are less impacted by salt than non-saline origin genotypes; these populations thus likely contain adaptively diverged alleles. Whole genome resequencing of 39 wild accessions reveals ongoing migration and candidate genomic regions that assort non-randomly with soil salinity. Consistent with natural selec...

Seminars in oncology nursing, 2002

To provide an update for nurses involved in the care of women at risk or being treated for endome... more To provide an update for nurses involved in the care of women at risk or being treated for endometrial cancer. Review articles, research reports, and medical and nursing text-books. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy. Although most women with endometrial cancer present with early stage disease and have an excellent chance of cure, approximately 6,600 women in the United States are expected to die from the disease in 2002. Treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent disease remains challenging, with no proven best standard of treatment. Nursing plays an important role in prevention and early detection of endometrial cancer, patient education, patient care, and rehabilitation.

The EMBO Journal, 1997

of middle-mode promoters requires MotA, which binds the-30 consensus sequence (the mot box) and A... more of middle-mode promoters requires MotA, which binds the-30 consensus sequence (the mot box) and AsiA, Bacteriophage T4 encodes a transcription factor, MotA, which binds tightly to the host σ 70-subunit (deFranciscis that binds to the-30 region of middle-mode promoters et al., 1982; Hinton, 1991; Schmidt and Kreuzer, 1992; and activates transcription by host RNA polymerase. Orsini et al., 1993; Ouhammouch et al., 1995). Finally, We have solved the structure of the MotA activation T4 late promoters require a phage-encoded σ-subunit and domain to 2.2 Å by X-ray crystallography, and have an enhancement mechanism that depends on T4 replication also determined its secondary structure by NMR. An proteins (Williams et al., 1994). area on the surface of the protein has a distinctive The existence of a T4 middle-mode transcription factor patch that is populated with acidic and hydrophobic was first inferred from in vitro transcription/translation residues. Mutations within this patch cause a defective T4 growth phenotype, arguing that the patch is importexperiments using T4 DNA and an extract from uninfected ant for MotA function. One of the mutant MotA Escherichia coli (O'Farrell and Gold, 1973). Subsequent activation domains was purified and analyzed by NMR, genetic studies led to a collection of pleiotropic mutations and the spectra clearly show that the domain is properly that all mapped to the same gene, designated motA folded. The mutant full-length protein appears to (for modifier of transcription; earlier designation, mot) bind DNA normally but is deficient in transcriptional (reviewed by Stitt and Hinton, 1994). Although these activation. We conclude that the acidic/hydrophobic motA point mutations do not block phage growth in normal surface patch is specifically involved in transcriptional E.coli strains, the motA gene is essential because a motA activation, which is reminiscent of eukaryotic acidic deletion mutant phage cannot grow unless the MotA activation domains. protein is supplied in trans (Benson and Kreuzer, 1992). Keywords: activation domain/nuclear magnetic Detailed analyses of the MotA protein were greatly resonance/site-directed mutagenesis/transcription factor/ facilitated by the elucidation of the gene sequence (Uzan X-ray crystallography et al., 1990) and the overproduction and purification of the protein (Hinton, 1991; Schmidt and Kreuzer, 1992). MotA has two~10 kDa domains that can readily be separated by cleavage with trypsin, and NMR experiments 1992

Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2014

Parabens are widely used preservatives suspected of being endocrine disruptors, with implications... more Parabens are widely used preservatives suspected of being endocrine disruptors, with implications for human growth and development. The most common paraben found in consumer products is methylparaben. To date, no study has examined whether these substances cross the human placenta. A total of 100 study subjects (50 mother-child pairs) were enrolled at two medical institutions, serving primarily African-American and Caucasian women, respectively. A maternal blood sample was drawn on admission and a paired cord blood sample was obtained at delivery. Of the 50 mothers, 47 (94%) showed methylparaben in their blood (mean level 20.41 ng/l), and 47 in cords bloods (mean level 36.54 ng/l). There were 45 mother-child pairs where methylparaben was found in both samples. Of these, the fetal level was higher than the maternal level in 23 (51%). For butylparaben, only 4 mothers (8%) showed detectable levels (mean 40.54 ng/l), whereas 8 cord blood samples (16%) were positive (mean 32.5 ng/l). African-American mothers and infants showed higher prevalence of detectable levels (P = 0.017). Methylparaben and butylparaben demonstrate transplacental passage. Additional studies are needed to examine potential differences in exposure by geography and demographics, what products are used by pregnant women that contain these preservatives, as well as any potential long-term effects in the growth and development of exposed children.

New Phytologist, 2013

Although adaptive plant population divergence across contrasting soil conditions is often driven ... more Although adaptive plant population divergence across contrasting soil conditions is often driven by abiotic soil factors, natural enemies may also contribute. Cryptic matching to the native soil color is a form of defensive camouflage that seeds can use to avoid detection by seed predators. The legume Acmispon wrangelianus occurs across a variety of gray-green serpentine soils and brown nonserpentine soils. Quantitative digital image analysis of seed and soil colors was used to test whether genetically based seed color is a closer match to the color of the native soil than to the color of other nearby soils. Lineages bear seeds that more closely match the color of their native serpentine or nonserpentine soil type than the opposing soil type. Further, even within a soil type, lineages bear seeds with a closer color match to the soil at their native site than to other sites. The striking concordance between seed and native soil color suggests that natural selection for locally camouflaged seed color morphs, probably driven by seed predators, may maintain adaptive divergence in pigmentation, despite the opportunity for migration between soil environments.