Stephanie Watson - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Stephanie Watson

Eye, Apr 16, 2024

Corneal neuropathic pain (CNP) is a poorly defined disease entity characterised by an aberrant pa... more Corneal neuropathic pain (CNP) is a poorly defined disease entity characterised by an aberrant pain response to normally non-painful stimuli and categorised into having peripheral and central mechanisms, with the former responding to instillation of topical anaesthetic. CNP is a challenging condition to diagnose due to numerous aetiologies, an absence of clinical signs and ancillary tests (in vivo confocal microscopy and esthesiometry), lacking the ability to confirm the diagnosis and having limited availability. Symptomatology maybe mirrored by severe and chronic forms of dry eye disease (DED), often leading to misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. In practice, patients with suspected CNP can be assessed with questionnaires to elicit symptoms. A thorough ocular assessment is also performed to exclude any co-existent ocular conditions. A medical and mental health history should be sought due to associations with autoimmune disease, chronic pain syndromes, anxiety and depression. Management begins with communicating to the patient the nature of their condition. Ophthalmologists can prescribe topical therapies such as autologous serum eyedrops to optimise the ocular surface and promote neural regeneration. However, a multidisciplinary treatment approach is often required, including mental health support, particularly when there are central mechanisms. General practitioners, pain specialists, neurologists and psychologists may be needed to assist with oral and behavioural therapies. Less data is available to support the safety and efficacy of adjuvant and surgical therapies and the long-term natural history remains to be determined. Hence clinical trials and registry studies are urgently needed to fill these data gaps with the aim to improve patient care.

Exploration of medicine, Feb 29, 2024

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex and multifactorial ocular surface disease affecting a large pr... more Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex and multifactorial ocular surface disease affecting a large proportion of the population. There is emerging evidence of the impact of the microbiomes of the ocular surface and gut on the symptoms of DED, with many parallels being drawn to inflammatory diseases of other organ systems. A key factor involved in the promotion of healthy microbiomes, and which has been associated with ocular surface disease, is micro-and macronutrient deficiency. A comprehensive review of how these deficiencies can contribute to DED is absent from the literature. This review reports the composition of healthy ocular and gut microbiomes, and how nutrient deficiencies may impact these floral populations, with linkage to the subsequent impact on ocular health. The review highlights that vitamin B1 and iron are linked to reduced levels of butyrate, a fatty acid implicated in inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis which itself is a condition known to be associated with ocular surface diseases. Vitamin B12 has been shown to have a role in maintaining gut microbial eubiosis and has been linked to the severity of dry eye symptoms. Similar beneficial effects of gut microbial eubiosis were noted with vitamin A and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Selenium and calcium have complex interactions with the gut microbiome and have both been implicated in the development of thyroid orbitopathy. Further, diabetes mellitus is associated with ocular surface diseases and changes in the ocular microbiome. A better understanding of how changes in both the gut and eye microbiome impact DED could allow for an improved understanding of DED pathophysiology and the development of new, effective treatment strategies.

Diagnostics

Infectious keratitis (IK) is among the top five leading causes of blindness globally. Early diagn... more Infectious keratitis (IK) is among the top five leading causes of blindness globally. Early diagnosis is needed to guide appropriate therapy to avoid complications such as vision impairment and blindness. Slit lamp microscopy and culture of corneal scrapes are key to diagnosing IK. Slit lamp photography was transformed when digital cameras and smartphones were invented. The digital camera or smartphone camera sensor’s resolution, the resolution of the slit lamp and the focal length of the smartphone camera system are key to a high-quality slit lamp image. Alternative diagnostic tools include imaging, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). OCT’s advantage is its ability to accurately determine the depth and extent of the corneal ulceration, infiltrates and haze, therefore characterizing the severity and progression of the infection. However, OCT is not a preferred choice in the diagnostic tool package for infectious keratitis. Rather, IVCM ...

Clinical and Experimental Optometry, Aug 2, 2022

Elsevier eBooks, 2016

Since the 1980s when pioneering techniques were developed on the use of limbal tissue transplanta... more Since the 1980s when pioneering techniques were developed on the use of limbal tissue transplantation, significant progress has been made on developing limbal stem cell therapies. Ex vivo expansion of autologous progenitor cells has reduced the risk of inducing limbal stem cell deficiency in the donor eye, and the use of novel carriers has improved the logistical ease of the procedure. More recently contact lenses (CLs) have been trialled as a vehicle for ocular stem cell delivery, reducing the risk of cryptogenic and xenogeneic infections. This chapter discusses current approaches to limbal stem cell transplantation, its therapeutic use for limbal stem cell deficiency, and the advantages of CLs as a vehicle for stem cell delivery compared to current methodologies.

Communicable diseases intelligence, Oct 25, 2020

Restrictions The Licence does not cover, and there is no permission given for, use of any of the ... more Restrictions The Licence does not cover, and there is no permission given for, use of any of the following material found in this publication (if any): • the Commonwealth Coat of Arms (by way of information, the terms under which the Coat of Arms may be used can be found at www.itsanhonour.gov.au); • any logos (including the Department of Health's logo) and trademarks; • any photographs and images; • any signatures; and • any material belonging to third parties. Disclaimer Opinions expressed in Communicable Diseases Intelligence are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Australian Government Department of Health or the Communicable Diseases Network Australia. Data may be subject to revision. Enquiries Enquiries regarding any other use of this publication should be addressed to the Communication Branch,

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Mar 20, 2019

Importance: Gender differences were identified in experiences of the workplace and family respons... more Importance: Gender differences were identified in experiences of the workplace and family responsibilities amongst Australian and New Zealand ophthalmologists. Background: To survey ophthalmologists regarding their balance of career, family and workplace experiences and to identify gender differences. Design: Online questionnaire sent to 1000 randomly selected Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (RANZCO) Fellows in 2017. Participants: The response rate was 28% (n = 282) with 192 males. Methods: Confidential questionnaire. Main Outcome Measures: Questionnaire responses. Results: Gender differences were noted in working hours (59% of males worked greater than 40 hours a week vs 26% of females, P < 0.001) and frequency of private practice work (mean of 6.6 half-day sessions per week for men vs 4.9 sessions for women, P < 0.001). Female ophthalmologists reported additional obstacles to career advancement including difficulty receiving mentorship (57% vs 40%, P = 0.027), travel difficulties due to family responsibilities (59% vs 34%, P < 0.001) and rigid timelines for promotion/tenure (38% vs 19%, P = 0.005). Female ophthalmologists delayed child-bearing, with 59% becoming parents after fellowship training. Women spent more time child-rearing (67% vs 8% of men cared for children >20 hours per week, P < 0.001). Female ophthalmologists were more likely to report experiencing discrimination (31% vs 8% of men, P < 0.001). Conclusions and Relevance: Female ophthalmologists worked fewer hours, mainly in the private sector, to fulfil their greater family commitments. Female ophthalmologists reported additional obstacles to career advancement and were more likely to report experiencing discrimination in the workplace.

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, May 30, 2018

Importance: To standardize initial anti-viral therapy for herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). Backgro... more Importance: To standardize initial anti-viral therapy for herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). Background: To determine prescribing trends for the management of HSK and compare the trends to available clinical trial evidence.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

The rise of primary topical monotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs and immunomodulatory agents r... more The rise of primary topical monotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs and immunomodulatory agents represents an increasing recognition of the medical management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), which may replace surgery as the standard of care in the future. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the best way to manage OSSN with no existing guidelines to date. This paper seeks to evaluate evidence surrounding available treatment modalities and proposes an approach to management. The approach will guide ophthalmologists in selecting the most appropriate treatment regime based on patient and disease factors to minimize treatment related morbidity and improve OSSN control. Further work can be done to validate this algorithm and to develop formal guidelines to direct the management of OSSN.

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

Translational Vision Science & Technology, 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether laser irradiation, used to activate an adhes... more The purpose of this study was to investigate whether laser irradiation, used to activate an adhesive for sealing penetrating corneal incisions, causes any ophthalmoscopically or histologically visible retinal changes. Methods: Baseline fundus assessment was conducted prior to laser irradiation of eyes of pigmented Dutch Belted rabbits. Treatment group was 18 eyes with the corneal adhesive activated in situ by a near infrared laser (125 mW for 45 seconds). The positive control group was 18 eyes, each irradiated for 60 seconds at 375, 500, 625, and 750 mW at different retinal locations. Unexposed regions of the retina were used as negative internal control. Ophthalmoscopic assessment was conducted immediately after laser exposure and prior to euthanasia. Retinas were histologically assessed at 0, 3, 72, and 168 hours after treatment. Results: No ophthalmoscopically or histologically visible retinal changes were observed in the treatment group immediately, nor up to 168 hours after laser irradiation. In the positive control group, the incidences of ophthalmoscopically visible retinal lesions increased with irradiation power: 5.6% at 375 mW, 16.7% at 500 mW, 44.4% at 625 mW, and 50% at 750 mW. Histologically, retinal damage was observed as coagulative necrosis to all layers of the neural retina, including the retinal pigment epithelium. Conclusions: The laser irradiation process used in the corneal adhesive technology did not cause any ophthalmoscopically or histologically visible retinal changes in the in vivo pigmented rabbit model. Prolonged exposure with this laser and at higher power can cause coagulative necrosis to the retina.

Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the psychometric properties of refractive error‐specific quality of life (QoL)... more PurposeTo evaluate the psychometric properties of refractive error‐specific quality of life (QoL) item banks and assess their performance using computerised adaptive testing (CAT) simulations.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study a 392‐item questionnaire, grouped under 11 QoL domains, was interviewer‐administered to 305 people with refractive error [mean age ± S.D., 30.5 ± 14.1 (range (18 to 83) years; male, 50.5%; mean ± S.D. spherical equivalent refractive error −2.4 ± 2.9 (range: −15.0 to +11.0) Dioptres; spectacles (n = 257), contact lens (n = 37), refractive surgery (n = 25), uncorrected refractive error (n = 57)]. Rasch analysis was conducted on each QoL domain using the Andrich rating scale model to investigate parameters including response category functioning, person‐ and item‐reliability, infit and outfit statistics, unidimensionality, targeting, differential item functioning and local item dependency. The resulting item banks underwent CAT simulations in 1,000 cases with &...

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2021

In the original published article, one of the "IGATES Fireworks study group" collaborators name h... more In the original published article, one of the "IGATES Fireworks study group" collaborators name has been misspelled. "Rekha Khanelwal" should be "Rekha Khandelwal" This is being corrected in this publication. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2019

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2021

In the original published article, the individual collaborator names were not captured under the ... more In the original published article, the individual collaborator names were not captured under the group name "IGATES Study Group". Authors would like to acknowledge and update the IGATES study group members-these members contributed to the IGATES study data. Authors would like to apologise for this oversight and use this opportunity to thank all the members and participants of IGATES study group.

Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal, 2019

The myopic shift associated with hyperbaric oxygen administration is reduced when using a mask de... more The myopic shift associated with hyperbaric oxygen administration is reduced when using a mask delivery system compared to a hood-a randomised controlled trial. Diving

Eye, 2019

Purpose To report the demographics, frequency of potential predisposing factors, presentation and... more Purpose To report the demographics, frequency of potential predisposing factors, presentation and outcomes of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) at a quaternary eye hospital in Sydney, Australia over a 15-year period. Methods A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with AK at the

Ophthalmology, 2018

Topic: Clinical registries in ophthalmology. Clinical Relevance: In recent years, advancements in... more Topic: Clinical registries in ophthalmology. Clinical Relevance: In recent years, advancements in digital technology and increasing use of electronic medical records in health systems have led to the dramatic growth in large clinical data sets. Clinical data registries are organized systems that collect data on patients diagnosed with a disease or condition or who undergo a certain procedure. Methods: A search of the PUBMED database was conducted in January 2018 for clinical registries in ophthalmology. Results: Ninety-seven clinical eye registries were found, with significant growth in numbers in the last 4 decades. The most common conditions captured were blindness or low vision, corneal transplantation, glaucoma, and cataract surgery. Most registries originate in the European region, North America, and Australia. Nine registries had multinational coverage, whereas 48 were national registries. As the numbers and scope of clinical registries have expanded, valuable observational data have been used to study real-world clinical outcomes in healthcare quality measurement and improvement and to develop new guidelines and standards. Pertinent areas of its use include studying treatments and outcomes in cataract surgery, corneal transplantation, and macular degeneration. Conclusions: The use of clinical registries for quality improvement and research has grown significantly in the last few decades, and this trend will continue as information technology infrastructures develop.

Eye, Apr 16, 2024

Corneal neuropathic pain (CNP) is a poorly defined disease entity characterised by an aberrant pa... more Corneal neuropathic pain (CNP) is a poorly defined disease entity characterised by an aberrant pain response to normally non-painful stimuli and categorised into having peripheral and central mechanisms, with the former responding to instillation of topical anaesthetic. CNP is a challenging condition to diagnose due to numerous aetiologies, an absence of clinical signs and ancillary tests (in vivo confocal microscopy and esthesiometry), lacking the ability to confirm the diagnosis and having limited availability. Symptomatology maybe mirrored by severe and chronic forms of dry eye disease (DED), often leading to misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. In practice, patients with suspected CNP can be assessed with questionnaires to elicit symptoms. A thorough ocular assessment is also performed to exclude any co-existent ocular conditions. A medical and mental health history should be sought due to associations with autoimmune disease, chronic pain syndromes, anxiety and depression. Management begins with communicating to the patient the nature of their condition. Ophthalmologists can prescribe topical therapies such as autologous serum eyedrops to optimise the ocular surface and promote neural regeneration. However, a multidisciplinary treatment approach is often required, including mental health support, particularly when there are central mechanisms. General practitioners, pain specialists, neurologists and psychologists may be needed to assist with oral and behavioural therapies. Less data is available to support the safety and efficacy of adjuvant and surgical therapies and the long-term natural history remains to be determined. Hence clinical trials and registry studies are urgently needed to fill these data gaps with the aim to improve patient care.

Exploration of medicine, Feb 29, 2024

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex and multifactorial ocular surface disease affecting a large pr... more Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex and multifactorial ocular surface disease affecting a large proportion of the population. There is emerging evidence of the impact of the microbiomes of the ocular surface and gut on the symptoms of DED, with many parallels being drawn to inflammatory diseases of other organ systems. A key factor involved in the promotion of healthy microbiomes, and which has been associated with ocular surface disease, is micro-and macronutrient deficiency. A comprehensive review of how these deficiencies can contribute to DED is absent from the literature. This review reports the composition of healthy ocular and gut microbiomes, and how nutrient deficiencies may impact these floral populations, with linkage to the subsequent impact on ocular health. The review highlights that vitamin B1 and iron are linked to reduced levels of butyrate, a fatty acid implicated in inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis which itself is a condition known to be associated with ocular surface diseases. Vitamin B12 has been shown to have a role in maintaining gut microbial eubiosis and has been linked to the severity of dry eye symptoms. Similar beneficial effects of gut microbial eubiosis were noted with vitamin A and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Selenium and calcium have complex interactions with the gut microbiome and have both been implicated in the development of thyroid orbitopathy. Further, diabetes mellitus is associated with ocular surface diseases and changes in the ocular microbiome. A better understanding of how changes in both the gut and eye microbiome impact DED could allow for an improved understanding of DED pathophysiology and the development of new, effective treatment strategies.

Diagnostics

Infectious keratitis (IK) is among the top five leading causes of blindness globally. Early diagn... more Infectious keratitis (IK) is among the top five leading causes of blindness globally. Early diagnosis is needed to guide appropriate therapy to avoid complications such as vision impairment and blindness. Slit lamp microscopy and culture of corneal scrapes are key to diagnosing IK. Slit lamp photography was transformed when digital cameras and smartphones were invented. The digital camera or smartphone camera sensor’s resolution, the resolution of the slit lamp and the focal length of the smartphone camera system are key to a high-quality slit lamp image. Alternative diagnostic tools include imaging, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). OCT’s advantage is its ability to accurately determine the depth and extent of the corneal ulceration, infiltrates and haze, therefore characterizing the severity and progression of the infection. However, OCT is not a preferred choice in the diagnostic tool package for infectious keratitis. Rather, IVCM ...

Clinical and Experimental Optometry, Aug 2, 2022

Elsevier eBooks, 2016

Since the 1980s when pioneering techniques were developed on the use of limbal tissue transplanta... more Since the 1980s when pioneering techniques were developed on the use of limbal tissue transplantation, significant progress has been made on developing limbal stem cell therapies. Ex vivo expansion of autologous progenitor cells has reduced the risk of inducing limbal stem cell deficiency in the donor eye, and the use of novel carriers has improved the logistical ease of the procedure. More recently contact lenses (CLs) have been trialled as a vehicle for ocular stem cell delivery, reducing the risk of cryptogenic and xenogeneic infections. This chapter discusses current approaches to limbal stem cell transplantation, its therapeutic use for limbal stem cell deficiency, and the advantages of CLs as a vehicle for stem cell delivery compared to current methodologies.

Communicable diseases intelligence, Oct 25, 2020

Restrictions The Licence does not cover, and there is no permission given for, use of any of the ... more Restrictions The Licence does not cover, and there is no permission given for, use of any of the following material found in this publication (if any): • the Commonwealth Coat of Arms (by way of information, the terms under which the Coat of Arms may be used can be found at www.itsanhonour.gov.au); • any logos (including the Department of Health's logo) and trademarks; • any photographs and images; • any signatures; and • any material belonging to third parties. Disclaimer Opinions expressed in Communicable Diseases Intelligence are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Australian Government Department of Health or the Communicable Diseases Network Australia. Data may be subject to revision. Enquiries Enquiries regarding any other use of this publication should be addressed to the Communication Branch,

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Mar 20, 2019

Importance: Gender differences were identified in experiences of the workplace and family respons... more Importance: Gender differences were identified in experiences of the workplace and family responsibilities amongst Australian and New Zealand ophthalmologists. Background: To survey ophthalmologists regarding their balance of career, family and workplace experiences and to identify gender differences. Design: Online questionnaire sent to 1000 randomly selected Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (RANZCO) Fellows in 2017. Participants: The response rate was 28% (n = 282) with 192 males. Methods: Confidential questionnaire. Main Outcome Measures: Questionnaire responses. Results: Gender differences were noted in working hours (59% of males worked greater than 40 hours a week vs 26% of females, P < 0.001) and frequency of private practice work (mean of 6.6 half-day sessions per week for men vs 4.9 sessions for women, P < 0.001). Female ophthalmologists reported additional obstacles to career advancement including difficulty receiving mentorship (57% vs 40%, P = 0.027), travel difficulties due to family responsibilities (59% vs 34%, P < 0.001) and rigid timelines for promotion/tenure (38% vs 19%, P = 0.005). Female ophthalmologists delayed child-bearing, with 59% becoming parents after fellowship training. Women spent more time child-rearing (67% vs 8% of men cared for children >20 hours per week, P < 0.001). Female ophthalmologists were more likely to report experiencing discrimination (31% vs 8% of men, P < 0.001). Conclusions and Relevance: Female ophthalmologists worked fewer hours, mainly in the private sector, to fulfil their greater family commitments. Female ophthalmologists reported additional obstacles to career advancement and were more likely to report experiencing discrimination in the workplace.

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, May 30, 2018

Importance: To standardize initial anti-viral therapy for herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). Backgro... more Importance: To standardize initial anti-viral therapy for herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). Background: To determine prescribing trends for the management of HSK and compare the trends to available clinical trial evidence.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

The rise of primary topical monotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs and immunomodulatory agents r... more The rise of primary topical monotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs and immunomodulatory agents represents an increasing recognition of the medical management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), which may replace surgery as the standard of care in the future. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the best way to manage OSSN with no existing guidelines to date. This paper seeks to evaluate evidence surrounding available treatment modalities and proposes an approach to management. The approach will guide ophthalmologists in selecting the most appropriate treatment regime based on patient and disease factors to minimize treatment related morbidity and improve OSSN control. Further work can be done to validate this algorithm and to develop formal guidelines to direct the management of OSSN.

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

Translational Vision Science & Technology, 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether laser irradiation, used to activate an adhes... more The purpose of this study was to investigate whether laser irradiation, used to activate an adhesive for sealing penetrating corneal incisions, causes any ophthalmoscopically or histologically visible retinal changes. Methods: Baseline fundus assessment was conducted prior to laser irradiation of eyes of pigmented Dutch Belted rabbits. Treatment group was 18 eyes with the corneal adhesive activated in situ by a near infrared laser (125 mW for 45 seconds). The positive control group was 18 eyes, each irradiated for 60 seconds at 375, 500, 625, and 750 mW at different retinal locations. Unexposed regions of the retina were used as negative internal control. Ophthalmoscopic assessment was conducted immediately after laser exposure and prior to euthanasia. Retinas were histologically assessed at 0, 3, 72, and 168 hours after treatment. Results: No ophthalmoscopically or histologically visible retinal changes were observed in the treatment group immediately, nor up to 168 hours after laser irradiation. In the positive control group, the incidences of ophthalmoscopically visible retinal lesions increased with irradiation power: 5.6% at 375 mW, 16.7% at 500 mW, 44.4% at 625 mW, and 50% at 750 mW. Histologically, retinal damage was observed as coagulative necrosis to all layers of the neural retina, including the retinal pigment epithelium. Conclusions: The laser irradiation process used in the corneal adhesive technology did not cause any ophthalmoscopically or histologically visible retinal changes in the in vivo pigmented rabbit model. Prolonged exposure with this laser and at higher power can cause coagulative necrosis to the retina.

Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the psychometric properties of refractive error‐specific quality of life (QoL)... more PurposeTo evaluate the psychometric properties of refractive error‐specific quality of life (QoL) item banks and assess their performance using computerised adaptive testing (CAT) simulations.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study a 392‐item questionnaire, grouped under 11 QoL domains, was interviewer‐administered to 305 people with refractive error [mean age ± S.D., 30.5 ± 14.1 (range (18 to 83) years; male, 50.5%; mean ± S.D. spherical equivalent refractive error −2.4 ± 2.9 (range: −15.0 to +11.0) Dioptres; spectacles (n = 257), contact lens (n = 37), refractive surgery (n = 25), uncorrected refractive error (n = 57)]. Rasch analysis was conducted on each QoL domain using the Andrich rating scale model to investigate parameters including response category functioning, person‐ and item‐reliability, infit and outfit statistics, unidimensionality, targeting, differential item functioning and local item dependency. The resulting item banks underwent CAT simulations in 1,000 cases with &...

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2021

In the original published article, one of the "IGATES Fireworks study group" collaborators name h... more In the original published article, one of the "IGATES Fireworks study group" collaborators name has been misspelled. "Rekha Khanelwal" should be "Rekha Khandelwal" This is being corrected in this publication. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2019

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2021

In the original published article, the individual collaborator names were not captured under the ... more In the original published article, the individual collaborator names were not captured under the group name "IGATES Study Group". Authors would like to acknowledge and update the IGATES study group members-these members contributed to the IGATES study data. Authors would like to apologise for this oversight and use this opportunity to thank all the members and participants of IGATES study group.

Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal, 2019

The myopic shift associated with hyperbaric oxygen administration is reduced when using a mask de... more The myopic shift associated with hyperbaric oxygen administration is reduced when using a mask delivery system compared to a hood-a randomised controlled trial. Diving

Eye, 2019

Purpose To report the demographics, frequency of potential predisposing factors, presentation and... more Purpose To report the demographics, frequency of potential predisposing factors, presentation and outcomes of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) at a quaternary eye hospital in Sydney, Australia over a 15-year period. Methods A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with AK at the

Ophthalmology, 2018

Topic: Clinical registries in ophthalmology. Clinical Relevance: In recent years, advancements in... more Topic: Clinical registries in ophthalmology. Clinical Relevance: In recent years, advancements in digital technology and increasing use of electronic medical records in health systems have led to the dramatic growth in large clinical data sets. Clinical data registries are organized systems that collect data on patients diagnosed with a disease or condition or who undergo a certain procedure. Methods: A search of the PUBMED database was conducted in January 2018 for clinical registries in ophthalmology. Results: Ninety-seven clinical eye registries were found, with significant growth in numbers in the last 4 decades. The most common conditions captured were blindness or low vision, corneal transplantation, glaucoma, and cataract surgery. Most registries originate in the European region, North America, and Australia. Nine registries had multinational coverage, whereas 48 were national registries. As the numbers and scope of clinical registries have expanded, valuable observational data have been used to study real-world clinical outcomes in healthcare quality measurement and improvement and to develop new guidelines and standards. Pertinent areas of its use include studying treatments and outcomes in cataract surgery, corneal transplantation, and macular degeneration. Conclusions: The use of clinical registries for quality improvement and research has grown significantly in the last few decades, and this trend will continue as information technology infrastructures develop.