Stephen Harkins - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Stephen Harkins
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Lack of evaluation potential leads to the social loafing effect, the finding that participants wo... more Lack of evaluation potential leads to the social loafing effect, the finding that participants working together expend less effort than participants working alone. In 1988 Bartis, Szymanski and Harkins replicated this effect, showing that the lack of potential for evaluation by the experimenter ...
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1977
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, Jun 7, 2010
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Dec 1, 1994
In a series of experiments, we investigated the effect of race of source on persuasive communicat... more In a series of experiments, we investigated the effect of race of source on persuasive communications in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (R.E. Petty & J.T. Cacioppo, 1981, 1986). In Experiment 1, we found no evidence that White participants responded to a Black source as a simple negative cue. Experiment 2 suggested the possibility that exposure to a Black source led to low-involvement message processing. In Experiments 3 and 4, a distraction paradigm was used to test this possibility, and it was found that participants under low involvement were highly motivated to process a message presented by a Black source. In Experiment 5, we found that attitudes toward the source's ethnic group, rather than violations of expectancies, accounted for this processing effect. Taken together, the results of these experiments are consistent with S.L. Gaertner and J.F. Dovidio's (1986) theory of aversive racism, which suggests that Whites, because of a combination of egalitarian values and underlying negative racial attitudes, are very concerned about not appearing unfavorable toward Blacks, leading them to be highly motivated to process messages presented by a source from this group.
Multiple Perspectives on the Effects of Evaluation on Performance, 2001
Basic Group Processes, 1983
Multiple Perspectives on the Effects of Evaluation on Performance, 2001
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2015
Many studies using cognitive tasks have found that stereotype threat, or concern about confirming... more Many studies using cognitive tasks have found that stereotype threat, or concern about confirming a negative stereotype about one's group, debilitates performance. The few studies that documented similar effects on sensorimotor performance have used only relatively coarse measures to quantify performance. This study tested the effect of stereotype threat on a rhythmic ball bouncing task, where previous analyses of the task dynamics afforded more detailed quantification of the effect of threat on motor control. In this task, novices hit the ball with positive racket acceleration, indicative of unstable performance. With practice, they learn to stabilize error by changing their ball-racket impact from positive to negative acceleration. Results showed that for novices, stereotype threat potentiated hitting the ball with positive racket acceleration, leading to poorer performance of stigmatized females. However, when the threat manipulation was delivered after having acquired some skill, reflected by negative racket acceleration, the stigmatized females performed better. These findings are consistent with the mere effort account that argues that stereotype threat potentiates the most likely response on the given task. The study also demonstrates the value of identifying the control mechanisms through which stereotype threat has its effects on outcome measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).
Sociometry, 1977
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
Social Influence, 2010
In the first direct test of the assumption that an evaluative source is necessary to produce ster... more In the first direct test of the assumption that an evaluative source is necessary to produce stereotype threat effects, we combined a traditional stereotype threat manipulation with a scoring manipulation. Participants in a “pooled” condition believed that their scores would be averaged across gender, whereas in a “segregated” condition participants were led to believe that their scores would be segregated
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Lack of evaluation potential leads to the social loafing effect, the finding that participants wo... more Lack of evaluation potential leads to the social loafing effect, the finding that participants working together expend less effort than participants working alone. In 1988 Bartis, Szymanski and Harkins replicated this effect, showing that the lack of potential for evaluation by the experimenter ...
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1977
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, Jun 7, 2010
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Dec 1, 1994
In a series of experiments, we investigated the effect of race of source on persuasive communicat... more In a series of experiments, we investigated the effect of race of source on persuasive communications in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (R.E. Petty & J.T. Cacioppo, 1981, 1986). In Experiment 1, we found no evidence that White participants responded to a Black source as a simple negative cue. Experiment 2 suggested the possibility that exposure to a Black source led to low-involvement message processing. In Experiments 3 and 4, a distraction paradigm was used to test this possibility, and it was found that participants under low involvement were highly motivated to process a message presented by a Black source. In Experiment 5, we found that attitudes toward the source's ethnic group, rather than violations of expectancies, accounted for this processing effect. Taken together, the results of these experiments are consistent with S.L. Gaertner and J.F. Dovidio's (1986) theory of aversive racism, which suggests that Whites, because of a combination of egalitarian values and underlying negative racial attitudes, are very concerned about not appearing unfavorable toward Blacks, leading them to be highly motivated to process messages presented by a source from this group.
Multiple Perspectives on the Effects of Evaluation on Performance, 2001
Basic Group Processes, 1983
Multiple Perspectives on the Effects of Evaluation on Performance, 2001
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2015
Many studies using cognitive tasks have found that stereotype threat, or concern about confirming... more Many studies using cognitive tasks have found that stereotype threat, or concern about confirming a negative stereotype about one's group, debilitates performance. The few studies that documented similar effects on sensorimotor performance have used only relatively coarse measures to quantify performance. This study tested the effect of stereotype threat on a rhythmic ball bouncing task, where previous analyses of the task dynamics afforded more detailed quantification of the effect of threat on motor control. In this task, novices hit the ball with positive racket acceleration, indicative of unstable performance. With practice, they learn to stabilize error by changing their ball-racket impact from positive to negative acceleration. Results showed that for novices, stereotype threat potentiated hitting the ball with positive racket acceleration, leading to poorer performance of stigmatized females. However, when the threat manipulation was delivered after having acquired some skill, reflected by negative racket acceleration, the stigmatized females performed better. These findings are consistent with the mere effort account that argues that stereotype threat potentiates the most likely response on the given task. The study also demonstrates the value of identifying the control mechanisms through which stereotype threat has its effects on outcome measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).
Sociometry, 1977
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
Social Influence, 2010
In the first direct test of the assumption that an evaluative source is necessary to produce ster... more In the first direct test of the assumption that an evaluative source is necessary to produce stereotype threat effects, we combined a traditional stereotype threat manipulation with a scoring manipulation. Participants in a “pooled” condition believed that their scores would be averaged across gender, whereas in a “segregated” condition participants were led to believe that their scores would be segregated