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Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

Background A small proportion of chiropractors, osteopaths, and other manual medicine providers u... more Background A small proportion of chiropractors, osteopaths, and other manual medicine providers use spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) to manage non-musculoskeletal disorders. However, the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions to prevent or treat non-musculoskeletal disorders remain controversial. Objectives We convened a Global Summit of international scientists to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of SMT for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of non-musculoskeletal disorders. Global summit The Global Summit took place on September 14–15, 2019 in Toronto, Canada. It was attended by 50 researchers from 8 countries and 28 observers from 18 chiropractic organizations. At the summit, participants critically appraised the literature and synthesized the evidence. Systematic review of the literature We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing ...

Brain Sciences

Nerve paresthesia is a sensory impairment experienced in clinical conditions such as diabetes. Pa... more Nerve paresthesia is a sensory impairment experienced in clinical conditions such as diabetes. Paresthesia may “mask” or “compete” with meaningful tactile information in the patient’s sensory environment. The two objectives of the present study were: (1) to determine if radiating paresthesia produces a peripheral mask, a central mask, or a combination; (2) to determine if a response competition experimental design reveals changes in somatosensory integration similar to a masking design. Experiment 1 assessed the degree of masking caused by induced radiating ulnar nerve paresthesia (a concurrent non-target stimulus) on a vibrotactile Morse code letter acquisition task using both behavioral and neurophysiological measures. Experiment 2 used a response competition design by moving the radiating paresthesia to the median nerve. This move shifted the concurrent non-target stimulus to a location spatially removed from the target stimuli. The task, behavioral and neurophysiological measure...

Communications in Occupational Health

Result The outcomes of the project included:. the establishment of an online presence for members... more Result The outcomes of the project included:. the establishment of an online presence for members of WHW and HSE staff. a sustainable communications framework that provides relevant and up-to-date Information (website/pamphlet):. the foundation for a Community of Practice within WHW to aid future learning. a governance structure for future WHW communications. the collation of information on the WHW services and a communications plan for launch of resources Discussion A key factor in the success of this project was identifying the resources required to meet the needs of our target audience and in the establishment of 'networks' to ensure the continuous development of these resources. We foresee this project to be very extremely positive as it will enhance staff engagement with workplace health and wellbeing into the future.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Somatosensory & Motor Research

Journal of Motor Behavior

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

Different techniques used to analyze and reduce accelerometer data may impact its interpretation.... more Different techniques used to analyze and reduce accelerometer data may impact its interpretation. To determine which variables were impacted by changing analysis parameters, the authors performed a secondary analysis of data gained from a clinical trial conducted on older adults (aged ≥65 years; M = 71.1 and SD = 5.3; n = 100) with neck and back disabilities and compared the effects of two different cut- point sets (Matthews and Freedson sets) commonly used to analyze older adult accelerometry data. The Matthews set was found to assign significantly greater moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day than the Freedson set in all comparisons. This suggests that, if moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per unit time is a primary outcome measure, the choice of which analysis method is used should be carefully considered. Further results from analyses of dependent variables, time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity bouts of >10 min/day, mean bout length, and number of bout...

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics

Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

This study determined the core rewarming effectiveness of the same amount of heat applied to the ... more This study determined the core rewarming effectiveness of the same amount of heat applied to the head or torso using a human model of severe hypothermia. Six male subjects were cooled three times in 8˚C water for 60 minutes or to a core temperature of 35˚C. Shivering was inhibited by intravenous meperidine (1.5 mg/kg), administered during the last ten minutes of immersion, and during warming, to a maximum cumulative dose of 3.3 mg/kg. After exiting from the cold water and were rewarmed for 120 minutes by one of the following methods: Spontaneous warming, and a charcoal heater applied to the Head, or Torso. No significant differences were found in the afterdrop amount or core rewarming rates among the conditions. In non-shivering cold subjects, head warming is a viable alternative if torso warming is contraindicated.

Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 2018

The objective of this study was to develop a clinical practice guideline on the management of acu... more The objective of this study was to develop a clinical practice guideline on the management of acute and chronic low back pain (LBP) in adults. The aim was to develop a guideline to provide best practice recommendations on the initial assessment and monitoring of people with low back pain and address the use of spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) compared with other commonly used conservative treatments. The topic areas were chosen based on an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality comparative effectiveness review, specific to spinal manipulation as a nonpharmacological intervention. The panel updated the search strategies in Medline. We assessed admissible systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials for each question using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Back Review Group criteria. Evidence profiles were used to summarize judgments of the evidence quality and link recommendations to the supporting evidence. Using the Evidence to Decision Framew...

Chiropractic & manual therapies, 2017

Research funds are limited and a healthcare profession that supports research activity should est... more Research funds are limited and a healthcare profession that supports research activity should establish research priority areas. The study objective was to identify research priority areas for the Canadian chiropractic profession, and for stakeholders in the chiropractic profession to rank these in order of importance. We conducted a modified Delphi consensus study between August 2015 and May 2017 to determine the views of Canadian chiropractic organisations (e.g. Canadian Chiropractic Association; provincial associations) and stakeholder groups (e.g. chiropractic educational institutions; researchers). Participants completed three online Delphi survey rounds. In Round 1, participants suggested research areas within four broad research themes: 1) Basic science; 2) Clinical; 3) Health services; and 4) Population health. In Round 2, researchers created sub-themes by categorising the areas suggested in Round 1, and participants judged the importance of the research sub-themes. We defin...

The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 2017

Our research group recently published a Delphi study that identified Canadian chiropractic profes... more Our research group recently published a Delphi study that identified Canadian chiropractic profession research priority areas. At the same time, the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (CCRF) was developing their own research priority areas. In this commentary, we discuss the results of the Delphi study, compare and contrast these results to the research priorities of the CCRF, and report new data from a survey about where members of the chiropractic profession think that available research funding should be spent. Ongoing dialogue is needed with all Canadian chiropractic stakeholders to turn these research priorities into action.

Acta Psychologica

Impaired performance while executing a motor task is attributed to a disruption of normal automat... more Impaired performance while executing a motor task is attributed to a disruption of normal automatic processes when an internal focus of attention is used. What remains unclear is whether the specificity of internally focused task instructions may impact task performance. The present study assessed the implications of changing the attentional focus of novice and skilled golfers by measuring behavioural, neurophysiological and kinematic changes during a golf putting task. Over six blocks of ten putting trials each, attention was directed either externally (towards the target) or internally in one of two ways: 1) proximal (keeping the elbows extended and the hands gripping the putter); or 2) distal (keeping the weight evenly distributed between both legs) to the critical elements of the task. Results provided evidence that when novice participants use an internal focus of attention more closely associated with task performance that their: 1) execution; 2) accuracy; 3) variability of surface electromyography (sEMG) activity; and 4) kinematics of the putter movement are all adversely affected. Skilled golfers are much more resilient to changes in attentional focus, while all participants interpret a distal internal focus of attention similar to an external focus. All participants produced decreased activity in the muscle (tibialis anterior) associated with the distal (less task relevant) focus of attention even when the "internal" focus was on the lower extremity. Our results provide evidence that the skill level of the participant and the distance of the internal focus of attention from the key elements of a motor skill directly impact the execution, muscle activity, and movement kinematics associated with skilled motor task performance.

Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, Oct 1, 2016

The objective was to develop a clinical practice guideline on the management of neck pain-associa... more The objective was to develop a clinical practice guideline on the management of neck pain-associated disorders (NADs) and whiplash-associated disorders (WADs). This guideline replaces 2 prior chiropractic guidelines on NADs and WADs. Pertinent systematic reviews on 6 topic areas (education, multimodal care, exercise, work disability, manual therapy, passive modalities) were assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) and data extracted from admissible randomized controlled trials. We incorporated risk of bias scores in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Evidence profiles were used to summarize judgments of the evidence quality, detail relative and absolute effects, and link recommendations to the supporting evidence. The guideline panel considered the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences. Consensus was achieved using a modified Delphi. The guideline was peer reviewed by a 10-member multidisciplinary (medic...