Steven Skoog - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Steven Skoog

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Behavior Modification in the Treatment of Enuresis

The Journal of Urology, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of 93: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing Ciprofloxacin vs Control for Pediatric Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections or Pyelonephritis

Research paper thumbnail of The Posterior Sagittal Pararectal Approach to Posterior Urethral Anomalies

Research paper thumbnail of Interobserver variability for interpretation of DMSA scans in the RIVUR trial

Journal of pediatric urology, 2017

Technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans are used in the diagnosis of renal scar... more Technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans are used in the diagnosis of renal scarring. In the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial that randomized 607 children, DMSA renal scans were used for evaluating the presence and the severity of renal scarring. The aim was to determine interobserver variability in reporting of DMSA renal scans in the RIVUR trial. We compared DMSA renal scan reports for renal scarring and acute pyelonephritis from all non-reference local radiologists (ALRs) at study sites with adjudicated as well as non-adjudicated reports from two reference radiologists (RRs) of the RIVUR trial. Two-way comparisons of concordant and discrepant responses were analyzed using an unweighted kappa statistic between the ALR and the adjudicated RR interpretations. All analyses were performed using SAS v 9.4 (SAS institute 2015) and significance was determined at the 0.05 level. Of the 2872 kidneys evaluated, adjudicated RR rep...

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Primary Nocturnal Enuresis-An Analysis of Factors Related to Its Etiology

Research paper thumbnail of Re: risk factors for perineal sweeding of prostate cancer after needle biopsy. Reply

The Journal of Urology, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Summary of the Annual Meeting of the Section on Urology, American Academy of Pediatrics

Research paper thumbnail of Vesicoureteral Reflux Nomograms�Can We Use These in the Clinic?

The Journal of Urology, Sep 1, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Primary vesicoureteral reflux in the black child

Pediatrics

Primary vesicoureteral reflux is a polygenic abnormality due to a deficiency of the ureterovesica... more Primary vesicoureteral reflux is a polygenic abnormality due to a deficiency of the ureterovesical junction which allows urine in the bladder to ascend into the ureter and kidney. Fifty-one black children with primary vesicoureteral reflux were evaluated and treated at Children's Hospital from 1976 to 1986. The results of the evaluation and treatment were compared with those of 493 white patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux seen during the same time interval. The general approach to management was nonsurgical. There were no radical differences in the mode of presentation, age at presentation, and age at resolution. The distribution of reflux by maximum grade was not affected by race. Overall, 19 (37%) black children experienced spontaneous resolution of reflux. The mean duration of reflux in black children who had spontaneous resolution was 14.6 months. This duration was statistically significantly shorter than that in white patients with spontaneous resolution of vesicou...

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of response to desmopressin in children and adolescents with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum

Research paper thumbnail of Prune belly syndrome

The Kelalis-King-Belman Textbook of Clinical Pediatric Urology Study Guide, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Nocturnal enuresis: an approach to assessment and treatment

Pediatrics in review / American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014

On the basis of strong evidence, although primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is co... more On the basis of strong evidence, although primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is common and most children will outgrow the condition spontaneously, the psychological effect to the child can be significant and represents the main reason for treatment of these children. On the basis of international consensus panels, treatment of PMNE should be targeted toward the specific type of bedwetting patterns the child has, using bladder diary, sleep history, and daytime elimination concerns as a guide (Table 3). On the basis of international consensus panels, it is important for the primary care physician to be able to differentiate children with PMNE from children with nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) and secondary nocturnal enuresis. On the basis of international consensus panels, children with NMNE should have their underlying voiding or stool problem addressed before initiation of therapy for the nocturnal enuresis. On the basis of strong evidence, both the bedwe...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of adolescent varicocele

TheScientificWorldJournal, Jan 7, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Benign and malignant pediatric scrotal masses

Pediatric clinics of North America, 1997

Pediatric patients presenting with painless scrotal masses can be perplexing because of the long ... more Pediatric patients presenting with painless scrotal masses can be perplexing because of the long differential diagnosis. A careful plan based on the physical examination and sonogram findings localizes the mass to the testis or an extratesticular location. Sonography distinguishes solid from cystic lesions. Subsequent management is based on the location and nature of the mass. Intratesticular masses are assumed to be malignant, but testis-sparing surgery is possible in pediatric patients. Extratesticular cystic lesions are likely benign and are managed according to the specific diagnosis. Solid extratesticular lesions require exploration to establish the correct diagnosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava presenting as a suprarenal mass

The Journal of urology, 1983

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare disease with protean manifestations related to... more Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare disease with protean manifestations related to the location of the tumor. Urological manifestations of the disease are rare and include renal vein thrombosis and renovascular hypertension. Approximately 63 cases have been reported in the literature, with a striking female predominance. Presentation as an isolated suprarenal mass has not been reported previously. We discuss this unusual tumor and report a case that presented as an asymptomatic suprarenal mass.

Research paper thumbnail of The posterolateral and the retrorenal colon: implication in percutaneous stone extraction

The Journal of urology, 1985

Increasing experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy has fostered an aggressive approach to mo... more Increasing experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy has fostered an aggressive approach to most renal calculi. We report a case of a stone in a horseshoe kidney. Computerized tomography before anticipated percutaneous stone extraction revealed the colon to be positioned posterior to the left portion of the horseshoe kidney. The posterior position of the colon prevented percutaneous access to the kidney. Computerized tomography should be performed in patients with stones in horseshoe kidneys and other fusion anomalies before elective percutaneous stone extraction is done.

Research paper thumbnail of A nonsurgical approach to the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux

The Journal of urology, 1987

We performed a retrospective review to evaluate the results of a nonsurgical approach to the mana... more We performed a retrospective review to evaluate the results of a nonsurgical approach to the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux during a 10-year period (1976 to 1986). During that interval patients with reflux were studied initially with a standard voiding cystourethrogram and either an excretory urogram or a renal scan with glomerular filtration rate and/or differential renal function determination. Height, weight, blood pressure, urine cultures and serum creatinine measurements also were obtained. Isotope cystography was used for followup examinations. A single, negative isotope cystogram was the radiological criterion for cessation of reflux. The charts of 545 children (55 per cent had bilateral reflux) with 844 refluxing ureters were reviewed. Based upon the international classification vesicoureteral reflux was grade I in 6.6 per cent of the cases, grade II in 54.2 per cent, grade III in 31.6 per cent, grade IV in 5.7 per cent and grade V in 1.9 per cent. All children ...

Research paper thumbnail of Acquired megalourethra: an uncommon complication of the transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty

The Journal of urology, 1987

We describe 4 patients with significant dilatation of the entire neourethra following transverse ... more We describe 4 patients with significant dilatation of the entire neourethra following transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty. Two patients presented after repair of chordee without hypospadias, which was corrected by interposition with a pedicle graft. The problem arises about 6 months after the repair and is manifested by ballooning of the urethra during urination and postvoid dribbling. We have labeled this entity acquired megalourethra and the repair is similar to that for congenital megalourethra.

Research paper thumbnail of The communicating hematocele: an unusual presentation for blunt splenic trauma

The Journal of urology, 1986

The communicating hematocele is an unusual scrotal disorder that is rarely anticipated. Surgical ... more The communicating hematocele is an unusual scrotal disorder that is rarely anticipated. Surgical exploration for an enlarging hydrocele and an abnormal scrotal sonogram in a 19-month-old boy revealed a communicating hematocele. Further evaluation demonstrated a fractured spleen. The association between a patent processus vaginalis and blunt abdominal trauma in the pathogenesis of the communicating hematocele is discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of The prune belly syndrome: a comprehensive approach to management

The Journal of urology, 1989

Our approach to management of the prune belly syndrome entails a program of comprehensive early r... more Our approach to management of the prune belly syndrome entails a program of comprehensive early reconstruction, including abdominoplasty, bilateral orchiopexy, reduction cystoplasty, and selective ureteral tailoring and reimplantation. Of 20 patients with the prune belly syndrome treated at our institution during the last 18 years 15 underwent comprehensive reconstruction. Abdominoplasty was performed in 16 patients. Results were evaluated as to cosmetic appearance, functional performance, and preoperative and postoperative electromyography. Immediate good results were obtained in 9 patients. Of 16 patients 6 required more than 1 abdominal wall tailoring and 3 had minor complications that did not compromise the ultimate result. Transabdominal orchiopexy was performed on 32 testes; 28 (88 per cent) are in the scrotum and growing. Of the 4 failures 3 occurred in patients greater than 2 years old at repair. Selective urinary tract reconstruction has been performed; 13 patients underwen...

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Behavior Modification in the Treatment of Enuresis

The Journal of Urology, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of 93: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing Ciprofloxacin vs Control for Pediatric Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections or Pyelonephritis

Research paper thumbnail of The Posterior Sagittal Pararectal Approach to Posterior Urethral Anomalies

Research paper thumbnail of Interobserver variability for interpretation of DMSA scans in the RIVUR trial

Journal of pediatric urology, 2017

Technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans are used in the diagnosis of renal scar... more Technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans are used in the diagnosis of renal scarring. In the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial that randomized 607 children, DMSA renal scans were used for evaluating the presence and the severity of renal scarring. The aim was to determine interobserver variability in reporting of DMSA renal scans in the RIVUR trial. We compared DMSA renal scan reports for renal scarring and acute pyelonephritis from all non-reference local radiologists (ALRs) at study sites with adjudicated as well as non-adjudicated reports from two reference radiologists (RRs) of the RIVUR trial. Two-way comparisons of concordant and discrepant responses were analyzed using an unweighted kappa statistic between the ALR and the adjudicated RR interpretations. All analyses were performed using SAS v 9.4 (SAS institute 2015) and significance was determined at the 0.05 level. Of the 2872 kidneys evaluated, adjudicated RR rep...

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Primary Nocturnal Enuresis-An Analysis of Factors Related to Its Etiology

Research paper thumbnail of Re: risk factors for perineal sweeding of prostate cancer after needle biopsy. Reply

The Journal of Urology, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Summary of the Annual Meeting of the Section on Urology, American Academy of Pediatrics

Research paper thumbnail of Vesicoureteral Reflux Nomograms�Can We Use These in the Clinic?

The Journal of Urology, Sep 1, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Primary vesicoureteral reflux in the black child

Pediatrics

Primary vesicoureteral reflux is a polygenic abnormality due to a deficiency of the ureterovesica... more Primary vesicoureteral reflux is a polygenic abnormality due to a deficiency of the ureterovesical junction which allows urine in the bladder to ascend into the ureter and kidney. Fifty-one black children with primary vesicoureteral reflux were evaluated and treated at Children's Hospital from 1976 to 1986. The results of the evaluation and treatment were compared with those of 493 white patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux seen during the same time interval. The general approach to management was nonsurgical. There were no radical differences in the mode of presentation, age at presentation, and age at resolution. The distribution of reflux by maximum grade was not affected by race. Overall, 19 (37%) black children experienced spontaneous resolution of reflux. The mean duration of reflux in black children who had spontaneous resolution was 14.6 months. This duration was statistically significantly shorter than that in white patients with spontaneous resolution of vesicou...

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of response to desmopressin in children and adolescents with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum

Research paper thumbnail of Prune belly syndrome

The Kelalis-King-Belman Textbook of Clinical Pediatric Urology Study Guide, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Nocturnal enuresis: an approach to assessment and treatment

Pediatrics in review / American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014

On the basis of strong evidence, although primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is co... more On the basis of strong evidence, although primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is common and most children will outgrow the condition spontaneously, the psychological effect to the child can be significant and represents the main reason for treatment of these children. On the basis of international consensus panels, treatment of PMNE should be targeted toward the specific type of bedwetting patterns the child has, using bladder diary, sleep history, and daytime elimination concerns as a guide (Table 3). On the basis of international consensus panels, it is important for the primary care physician to be able to differentiate children with PMNE from children with nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) and secondary nocturnal enuresis. On the basis of international consensus panels, children with NMNE should have their underlying voiding or stool problem addressed before initiation of therapy for the nocturnal enuresis. On the basis of strong evidence, both the bedwe...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of adolescent varicocele

TheScientificWorldJournal, Jan 7, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Benign and malignant pediatric scrotal masses

Pediatric clinics of North America, 1997

Pediatric patients presenting with painless scrotal masses can be perplexing because of the long ... more Pediatric patients presenting with painless scrotal masses can be perplexing because of the long differential diagnosis. A careful plan based on the physical examination and sonogram findings localizes the mass to the testis or an extratesticular location. Sonography distinguishes solid from cystic lesions. Subsequent management is based on the location and nature of the mass. Intratesticular masses are assumed to be malignant, but testis-sparing surgery is possible in pediatric patients. Extratesticular cystic lesions are likely benign and are managed according to the specific diagnosis. Solid extratesticular lesions require exploration to establish the correct diagnosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava presenting as a suprarenal mass

The Journal of urology, 1983

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare disease with protean manifestations related to... more Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare disease with protean manifestations related to the location of the tumor. Urological manifestations of the disease are rare and include renal vein thrombosis and renovascular hypertension. Approximately 63 cases have been reported in the literature, with a striking female predominance. Presentation as an isolated suprarenal mass has not been reported previously. We discuss this unusual tumor and report a case that presented as an asymptomatic suprarenal mass.

Research paper thumbnail of The posterolateral and the retrorenal colon: implication in percutaneous stone extraction

The Journal of urology, 1985

Increasing experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy has fostered an aggressive approach to mo... more Increasing experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy has fostered an aggressive approach to most renal calculi. We report a case of a stone in a horseshoe kidney. Computerized tomography before anticipated percutaneous stone extraction revealed the colon to be positioned posterior to the left portion of the horseshoe kidney. The posterior position of the colon prevented percutaneous access to the kidney. Computerized tomography should be performed in patients with stones in horseshoe kidneys and other fusion anomalies before elective percutaneous stone extraction is done.

Research paper thumbnail of A nonsurgical approach to the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux

The Journal of urology, 1987

We performed a retrospective review to evaluate the results of a nonsurgical approach to the mana... more We performed a retrospective review to evaluate the results of a nonsurgical approach to the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux during a 10-year period (1976 to 1986). During that interval patients with reflux were studied initially with a standard voiding cystourethrogram and either an excretory urogram or a renal scan with glomerular filtration rate and/or differential renal function determination. Height, weight, blood pressure, urine cultures and serum creatinine measurements also were obtained. Isotope cystography was used for followup examinations. A single, negative isotope cystogram was the radiological criterion for cessation of reflux. The charts of 545 children (55 per cent had bilateral reflux) with 844 refluxing ureters were reviewed. Based upon the international classification vesicoureteral reflux was grade I in 6.6 per cent of the cases, grade II in 54.2 per cent, grade III in 31.6 per cent, grade IV in 5.7 per cent and grade V in 1.9 per cent. All children ...

Research paper thumbnail of Acquired megalourethra: an uncommon complication of the transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty

The Journal of urology, 1987

We describe 4 patients with significant dilatation of the entire neourethra following transverse ... more We describe 4 patients with significant dilatation of the entire neourethra following transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty. Two patients presented after repair of chordee without hypospadias, which was corrected by interposition with a pedicle graft. The problem arises about 6 months after the repair and is manifested by ballooning of the urethra during urination and postvoid dribbling. We have labeled this entity acquired megalourethra and the repair is similar to that for congenital megalourethra.

Research paper thumbnail of The communicating hematocele: an unusual presentation for blunt splenic trauma

The Journal of urology, 1986

The communicating hematocele is an unusual scrotal disorder that is rarely anticipated. Surgical ... more The communicating hematocele is an unusual scrotal disorder that is rarely anticipated. Surgical exploration for an enlarging hydrocele and an abnormal scrotal sonogram in a 19-month-old boy revealed a communicating hematocele. Further evaluation demonstrated a fractured spleen. The association between a patent processus vaginalis and blunt abdominal trauma in the pathogenesis of the communicating hematocele is discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of The prune belly syndrome: a comprehensive approach to management

The Journal of urology, 1989

Our approach to management of the prune belly syndrome entails a program of comprehensive early r... more Our approach to management of the prune belly syndrome entails a program of comprehensive early reconstruction, including abdominoplasty, bilateral orchiopexy, reduction cystoplasty, and selective ureteral tailoring and reimplantation. Of 20 patients with the prune belly syndrome treated at our institution during the last 18 years 15 underwent comprehensive reconstruction. Abdominoplasty was performed in 16 patients. Results were evaluated as to cosmetic appearance, functional performance, and preoperative and postoperative electromyography. Immediate good results were obtained in 9 patients. Of 16 patients 6 required more than 1 abdominal wall tailoring and 3 had minor complications that did not compromise the ultimate result. Transabdominal orchiopexy was performed on 32 testes; 28 (88 per cent) are in the scrotum and growing. Of the 4 failures 3 occurred in patients greater than 2 years old at repair. Selective urinary tract reconstruction has been performed; 13 patients underwen...