Steven Waller - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Steven Waller
Rock Art Research, 1993
Results of quantitative sound level measurements show that Upper Paleolithic parietal art sites s... more Results of quantitative sound level measurements show that Upper Paleolithic parietal art sites sampled in France have unusually good sound reflection. The majority of art figures at those locations can be classified as Ungulata, i.e., hoofed mammals. Echoes of percussion noises (from clapping or stone tool making) can mimic hoofbeats. Flutter echoes sounding particularly like galloping occur at Angles-sur-l'Anglin, Rouffinac's Painted Ceiling, Oreille d'Enfer, Castlemerle and in the valley containing Cap Blanc, Laussel and Commarque. Carnivore art was found in contexts of locally decreased sound reflection: e.g., in Font-de-Gaume. The decibel level from Lascaux's Chamber of Felines is statistically less than the other portions of Lascaux at the p = 0.0001 level. Both rock art and sound reflection occur world-wide, typically in caves and canyons, and art sites in Australia, Asia and America have been heard to reflect sound. Together with the knowledge that ancient cultures considered echoing a mysterious phenomenon, these observations suggest an acoustical motivation for the content and context of at least some rock art. This theory of sound reflection as a motivation for rock art is not inconsistent with either the hunting magic theory nor Leroi-Gourhan's observed pattern of sanctuary decoration.
Rock art sites across the United States were measured for sound reflection, including: UTAH: Dry ... more Rock art sites across the United States were measured for sound reflection, including: UTAH: Dry Fork Creek at Vernal; Fremont Indian State Park ARIZONA: Lomaki in Wupaki National Monument; Honanki and Red Canyon near Sedona WYOMING: site #48WE33 PENNSYLVANIA: Big Indian and Circle Rocks on Susquehanna river Quantitative sound level measurements objectively document the presence of significant sound reflection. Echoes appear to emanate from the rock surfaces that the artists chose to decorate. Both voice echoes and hoofbeat-like percussive echoes are demonstrable (consistent with the dominant individuals depicted in the art being anthropomorphs and ungulates). This data, along with measurements previously reported for Europe (Waller, 1993a), plus experience in Australia, suggests a global acoustical motivation for both the subject matter and location of a large amount of rock art. Conservation of acoustical properties of rock art sites is urged. Waller: Sound Reflection, 94 IRAC Pag...
Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose... more Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose... more Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
American Indian Rock Art, 2000
Thunder myths around the world contain thunder god descriptions matching rock art motifs found in... more Thunder myths around the world contain thunder god descriptions matching rock art motifs found in reverberating locations. Thunderbirds are found on echoing cliffs of the Americas, and reverberating shelters of the Southwest contain wide-eyed Tlaloc figures, the Mesoamerica's rain/thunder god. Australia has the Lightning Brothers. In Europe, hoof beats from mythical horses and goats of Odin and Thor reverberated through the skies, and the Bull God's voice (bull-roarer sound) is the roar of thunder; greater than 90% of European cave art depicts ungulates, typically thundering stampedes in portions of caves reverberating the loudest. An acoustical connection with rock art storm imagery is explored.
Prehistoire Art Et Societes Bulletin De La Societe Prehistorique De L Ariege, 2010
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2015
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2015
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2015
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014
ABSTRACT
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1980
The Farr assay and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation were used to study the importance of kine... more The Farr assay and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation were used to study the importance of kinetic factors on the size of antibody/DNA immune complexes prepared from SLE sera and dsDNA. We have found that significantly different numbers and sizes of antibody/DNA immune complexes can be formed by varying the time course of addition of a given amount of DNA to an SLE serum. For example, the introduction of additional DNA to a preincubated antibody-DNA system does not lead to reequilibration of that system with respect to the amount of DNA bound or the size of the complexes formed even after 1 hr at 37 degrees C. The potential implications of these observations with respect to the pathogenesis of SLE is discussed.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1981
... Monoclonal xenogeneic antibodies to murine cell surface antigens: identification of novel 35.... more ... Monoclonal xenogeneic antibodies to murine cell surface antigens: identification of novel 35. Stern, PL, K. R. Willison, E. Lennox, G. Galfre, C. Milstein. D. Secher, A. leukocyte differentiation antigens. Eur. ... T. J. 40. Cleveland, DW, SG Fischer. M. W. Kirshner. and U. K. Laemmli. ...
Rheumatology International, 1982
Rheumatology International, 1981
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2002
Cave paintings and ancient petroglyphs around the world are typically found in echo rich location... more Cave paintings and ancient petroglyphs around the world are typically found in echo rich locations such as caves, canyons, and rocky cliff faces. Analysis of field data shows that echo decibel levels at a large number of prehistoric art sites are higher than those at non-decorated locations. The selection of these echoing environments by the artists appears not to be a mere coincidence. This paper
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2011
ABSTRACT
Rock Art Research, 1993
Results of quantitative sound level measurements show that Upper Paleolithic parietal art sites s... more Results of quantitative sound level measurements show that Upper Paleolithic parietal art sites sampled in France have unusually good sound reflection. The majority of art figures at those locations can be classified as Ungulata, i.e., hoofed mammals. Echoes of percussion noises (from clapping or stone tool making) can mimic hoofbeats. Flutter echoes sounding particularly like galloping occur at Angles-sur-l'Anglin, Rouffinac's Painted Ceiling, Oreille d'Enfer, Castlemerle and in the valley containing Cap Blanc, Laussel and Commarque. Carnivore art was found in contexts of locally decreased sound reflection: e.g., in Font-de-Gaume. The decibel level from Lascaux's Chamber of Felines is statistically less than the other portions of Lascaux at the p = 0.0001 level. Both rock art and sound reflection occur world-wide, typically in caves and canyons, and art sites in Australia, Asia and America have been heard to reflect sound. Together with the knowledge that ancient cultures considered echoing a mysterious phenomenon, these observations suggest an acoustical motivation for the content and context of at least some rock art. This theory of sound reflection as a motivation for rock art is not inconsistent with either the hunting magic theory nor Leroi-Gourhan's observed pattern of sanctuary decoration.
Rock art sites across the United States were measured for sound reflection, including: UTAH: Dry ... more Rock art sites across the United States were measured for sound reflection, including: UTAH: Dry Fork Creek at Vernal; Fremont Indian State Park ARIZONA: Lomaki in Wupaki National Monument; Honanki and Red Canyon near Sedona WYOMING: site #48WE33 PENNSYLVANIA: Big Indian and Circle Rocks on Susquehanna river Quantitative sound level measurements objectively document the presence of significant sound reflection. Echoes appear to emanate from the rock surfaces that the artists chose to decorate. Both voice echoes and hoofbeat-like percussive echoes are demonstrable (consistent with the dominant individuals depicted in the art being anthropomorphs and ungulates). This data, along with measurements previously reported for Europe (Waller, 1993a), plus experience in Australia, suggests a global acoustical motivation for both the subject matter and location of a large amount of rock art. Conservation of acoustical properties of rock art sites is urged. Waller: Sound Reflection, 94 IRAC Pag...
Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose... more Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose... more Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
American Indian Rock Art, 2000
Thunder myths around the world contain thunder god descriptions matching rock art motifs found in... more Thunder myths around the world contain thunder god descriptions matching rock art motifs found in reverberating locations. Thunderbirds are found on echoing cliffs of the Americas, and reverberating shelters of the Southwest contain wide-eyed Tlaloc figures, the Mesoamerica's rain/thunder god. Australia has the Lightning Brothers. In Europe, hoof beats from mythical horses and goats of Odin and Thor reverberated through the skies, and the Bull God's voice (bull-roarer sound) is the roar of thunder; greater than 90% of European cave art depicts ungulates, typically thundering stampedes in portions of caves reverberating the loudest. An acoustical connection with rock art storm imagery is explored.
Prehistoire Art Et Societes Bulletin De La Societe Prehistorique De L Ariege, 2010
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2015
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2015
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2015
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014
ABSTRACT
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1980
The Farr assay and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation were used to study the importance of kine... more The Farr assay and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation were used to study the importance of kinetic factors on the size of antibody/DNA immune complexes prepared from SLE sera and dsDNA. We have found that significantly different numbers and sizes of antibody/DNA immune complexes can be formed by varying the time course of addition of a given amount of DNA to an SLE serum. For example, the introduction of additional DNA to a preincubated antibody-DNA system does not lead to reequilibration of that system with respect to the amount of DNA bound or the size of the complexes formed even after 1 hr at 37 degrees C. The potential implications of these observations with respect to the pathogenesis of SLE is discussed.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1981
... Monoclonal xenogeneic antibodies to murine cell surface antigens: identification of novel 35.... more ... Monoclonal xenogeneic antibodies to murine cell surface antigens: identification of novel 35. Stern, PL, K. R. Willison, E. Lennox, G. Galfre, C. Milstein. D. Secher, A. leukocyte differentiation antigens. Eur. ... T. J. 40. Cleveland, DW, SG Fischer. M. W. Kirshner. and U. K. Laemmli. ...
Rheumatology International, 1982
Rheumatology International, 1981
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2002
Cave paintings and ancient petroglyphs around the world are typically found in echo rich location... more Cave paintings and ancient petroglyphs around the world are typically found in echo rich locations such as caves, canyons, and rocky cliff faces. Analysis of field data shows that echo decibel levels at a large number of prehistoric art sites are higher than those at non-decorated locations. The selection of these echoing environments by the artists appears not to be a mere coincidence. This paper
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2011
ABSTRACT